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Articles 2131 - 2160 of 6849
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Reduction Of Traumatic Brain Injury Through Helmet Education And Legislation
Reduction Of Traumatic Brain Injury Through Helmet Education And Legislation
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Traumatic Brain Injury (TB!) is a leading cause of many of debilitating injuries and even death. These injuries often occur in common athletic activities, such as bicycling, snow skiing, snowboarding, football, and skateboarding. TB! resulting from each of these activities can be reduced by the proper use of certified helmets. Surveys have been conducted with college-age students, neurosurgeons, and the general population, and the results show that many believe in the efficacy of helmets as a means of protection. However, cognitive dissonance is displayed in the limited helmet use reported in these samples. Among the reasons researchers have found for …
Concussion Prevention And Treatment In American Football For Professional And Non-Professional Athletes
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
In the past few years, the National Football League (NFL) has dealt with considerable controversy regarding the effects of head injury with its professional football players. Head injuries suffered during hard contact sports have now been connected to many psychological issues such as depression, dementia, substance abuse, changes in personality, and even suicide. Concussions suffered in the NFL and at the collegiate level are not the only concern; in fact, many high school and younger-aged athletes are suffering from football-related injuries as well. In order to ensure the safety of professional and amateur football players, adjustments must be made to …
A Hoarding Index For Adults
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Hoarding is defined in terms of four observable aspects: (a) accumulation, (b) collection, (c) lack of disposal, and (d) pathological attachment. Typically, hoarding has an early age at onset and displays a progression of clinical symptoms. Early-stage detection and diagnosis in young and middle-aged adults could allow a therapeutic response to hoarding symptoms in a timely manner and prevent later-life hoarding trauma. We hypothesized that the Hoarding Index for Adults (RIA) would reliably and validly measure two domains: (a) abnormally-intensified patterns of acquisition and (b) reduced patterns of disposal. To test our hypothesis, we created a 10-item online survey and …
Defining Autism: Social Influences And The Need For The New Classification
Defining Autism: Social Influences And The Need For The New Classification
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is rising, and the explanation is difficult to identify. Multiple factors play a role in diagnosis beyond the presenting symptoms. First, society is simply more aware of ASD than before, due to increased exposure. However, greater awareness alone does not give the full picture. Second, having a child with ASD within a community increases the likelihood of more diagnoses. Lastly, despite parents' resistance to labeling their children, they may feel pressured to accept a diagnosis in order to receive services that teachers or mental health professionals deem necessary. Despite the diagnostic criteria in …
Front Matter 10.2
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Full Journal 9.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
End Matter 9.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Family Life As Context For Adolescent Moral Development
Family Life As Context For Adolescent Moral Development
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Adolescence (ages 12-19) is foundational for adulthood. Many changes occur during adolescence preparing adolescents for adult life. Some of these changes include physical changes accompanying puberty, cognitive changes, and social changes like spending less time with family and more time with peers.Adolescents' social shift away from family has raised questions on how much influence parents have on their teens. Researchers found parents have an influence on their teens, particularly on teens' moral development. Different parenting styles (Baumrind, 1966 ), family structures (two-parent vs. single-parent vs. adoptive parents, etc.), and levels of family cohesiveness play roles in adolescents' moral development. This …
The Effects Of Shyness On Scholastic Experience A Review Of The Literature
The Effects Of Shyness On Scholastic Experience A Review Of The Literature
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Shyness can affect adjustment into school, teacher-student relationships, and scholastic achievement. Ibis literature review covers several studies published in the past 10 years on the effects of shyness and introversion on scholastic experience. Research implies that shy students have a more difficult time adjusting to new environments and school settings than their non-shy peers. Most research indicates that teacher-student relationships are weaker when students are shy, and that teachers are more likely to underestimate introverted students' academic abilities. Whereas shy students perform well on group tests, they often perform significantly below average on individually administered tests. Further research should be …
Characteristics Of Exercise That Influence Emotional Health Type, Intensity, And Duration
Characteristics Of Exercise That Influence Emotional Health Type, Intensity, And Duration
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The importance of exercise in molding a healthy mind, body, and emotional perception has been well established in scientific research. A review of the recent literature examining type, intensity, and duration of exercise illustrates how to achieve the best emotional results. Because exercise is not naturally built in to the modern lifestyle, people need to make concerted effort to exercise in order to better deal with stress and experience positive emotions. Studies indicate that both animals and humans are better able to cope with stressors when able to voluntary exercise. However, not all exercise is alike. Aerobic exercise appears to …
Caging The Ill The Mental Health Crisis In The U.S. Prisons And Jails
Caging The Ill The Mental Health Crisis In The U.S. Prisons And Jails
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The U.S. criminal justice system contains many people with mental illness. In fact, the lack of mental health institutions has, in part, converted prisons and jails into detainment facilities for the mentally ill. Yet prisons and jails are ill-equipped to handle these individuals. Additionally, prisons and jails foster an unstable environment for the mentally ill that can ultimately result in harm to themselves and others. A viable alternative for mentally ill offenders is the use of mental health courts. These courts provide professional treatment, supervision, training, and disciplinary proceedings that reduce recidivism, promote rehabilitation, and incur fewer financial costs. The …
Patient Suicide And Its Impact On The Therapist
Patient Suicide And Its Impact On The Therapist
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Patient suicide is shown to have a substantial impact on therapists' personal and professional lives. Although various populations are affected differently, psychologists, psychiatrists, and mental health social workers may experience intense emotions, such as depression, trauma, anger, and guilt after patient suicide. This literature review will explore the effects of patient suicide on both the personal and professional life of therapists, as well as identify methods of "postvention" that have been shown to be most helpful far the therapist. After experiencing patient suicide, therapists often gain a greater awareness of future patients' well-being and may change the way they practice. …
The Benefits And Implications Of Birth Order Position
The Benefits And Implications Of Birth Order Position
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
This literature review examines the implications and benefits of birth order position on the child. Depending upon position, somewhat predictable differences are likely in expectations, responsibilities, opportunities, nurturing and the like. Consequently, birth order affects the child's peer relationships and the child's self-esteem. Children without siblings have difficulty relating with their peers throughout their lives and have relatively higher self-esteem. Firstborn children strive towards perfection and report higher self-esteem. This tendency may impact peer relationships negatively, except when in a position of power. Middle-born children have relatively good relationships with their peers and lower self-esteem. Last born children tend to …
Adjustment Outcomes Of Divorce For Young Children And Adolescents
Adjustment Outcomes Of Divorce For Young Children And Adolescents
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The pervasiveness of divorce attracts the attention of researchers in many fields. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize and synthesize major themes regarding the adjustment outcomes (the process and outcomes of adaptation to new circumstances) of divorce from current psychological literature. These themes are divided into two distinct age groups far contrast and comparison: young children and adolescents. Review and analysis of the literature revealed unique internalized and externalized outcomes far each age group. Young children showed an ability to comprehend but not cope with problems and an inability to deal with affect, which most often leads …
Twenty-One And Single!?: Marriage Desperation Among Single Byu Students
Twenty-One And Single!?: Marriage Desperation Among Single Byu Students
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Getting married at an early age is a social norm far members of the Latter-day Saint (LDS) faith. To our knowledge there are no published studies of marriage desperation in that culture. The goal of our study was to develop an instrument for reliably and validly measuring marriage desperation, which we operationally defined as the frequency of contemplating marriage as well as other actions likely to result in getting married. The Marriage Desperation Scale (MDS) consists of 10 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale. The MDS was administered to a convenience sample of 166 single LDS participants via an …
Front Matter 9.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Full Journal 2.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
End Matter 2.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Evidence-Based Practice Movements In Psychology: Empirically Supported Treatments, Common Factors, And Objective Methodological Pluralism
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The empirically supported treatment and common-factors rnovements each offer a .framework for evidence-based practice. However, neither framework is sufficiently objective or inclusive; rather, they are based on unexamined conceptions of evidence that commit pre-investigatory biases against certain types of methods and practices. An EST framework is built upon unexamined medical-model assumptions of evidence that are biased toward specific treatments based on randomized controlled (or clinical) trials (RCTs}; thus, it fails to consider viable non-medical-model research methods and types of practice. Analogously, the common-factors movement, which has influenced a recent American Psychological Association (APA) policy on evidence-based practice, is built upon …
Retrograde Amnestic Symptoms From Witnessing A Traumatic Event
Retrograde Amnestic Symptoms From Witnessing A Traumatic Event
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
According to Loftus and Burns (I 982), retrograde amnesia can result from witnessing a traumatic event. In this experiment, two groups of participants were surveyed after a brief presentation. One group witnessed a mildly traumatic event in the presentation and one did not. Both groups were then asked to recall information from the presentation. Compared with the non-trauma group, significantly fewer participants in the trauma group recalled information from the presentation (66.6% vs. 21.8%; chi-square test significant at the 0.001 level), supporting our hypothesis that witnessing tl mildly traumatic event may result in retrograde amnestic symptoms.
The Influence Of Perceived Parenting Styles On The Degree Of Adult Children's Allocation Of Punishment
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Though extensive research has been done investigating parenting styles and the influence that those styles have on children (e.g., Baumrid, 1971; Buri, 1991; Lamborn, Mounts, Steinberg, & Dornbusch, 1991), the influence of parents and their parenting styles 011 their adult children's assignment of punishment has not been thoroughly examined. To illustrate this relationship, research was conducted measuring the degree and type of punishment that 84 adult participants would allocate for both civic and household offenses. level of punishment was compared with the perceived parenting styles of the respondents' parents, as measured by Buris (I 991) Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The …
The Effects Of Semantic Relationships On The Irrelevant Sound Effect
The Effects Of Semantic Relationships On The Irrelevant Sound Effect
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
This study investigated whether the degree of semantic relationship between audible distracter words and visually displayed to-be-remembered words impact short-term memory recall. Semantic relationship was defined as the level of synonymity between the two categories of words. Participants were divided into a control group receiving no distracter, a group in which distracter words and to-be-remembered words were closely synonymous, and a group in which distracter words and to-be-remembered words were loosely synonymous. The results indicate that semantic relationships have no impact on the number of words correctly recalled However, closely synonymous relationships caused more replacement errors than silence or loosely …
Tokenism In Non-Native English Speakers: Does It Affect Their English Testing Abilities?
Tokenism In Non-Native English Speakers: Does It Affect Their English Testing Abilities?
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
This study was conducted with 16 international non-native English speaking undergraduate students to examine the impact of tokenism on such students' test-taking performance. The students were divided into two testing conditions. The experimental group was given a modified GRE verbal ability test in a room with three native English speaking confederates. The control group was given the same test in the presence of fellow international students. The purpose was to compare test results of the two groups, taking into account participants' TOEFL scores, age, and length of stay in the United States. A significant difference was found between the experimental …
Publishing In Psychology: An Overview For Undergraduate Students
Publishing In Psychology: An Overview For Undergraduate Students
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
This article relies on the expertise of current and former journal editors in order to introduce undergraduate students to important issues relating to publishing in academic psychology journals. These experts have stressed the need for psychology researchers to submit manuscripts that meaningfully contribute to the discipline and are situated within the context of previous research. The importance for undergraduate students of seeking coauthorships with faculty and becoming familiar with appropriate writing style and submission guidelines of the different psychology journals is also stressed. An appendix is included with a List of publication helps for undergraduate psychology students.
An Interview With Dr. Allen Bergin
An Interview With Dr. Allen Bergin
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Dr. Allen Bergin, a BYU emeritus professor, was one of the most eminent members of the BYU Department of Psychology. His influence can be seen throughout the discipline of psychology. Dr. Bergin came as a professor to BYU from Columbia University in 1972. Some of his best-known works include the article "Psychotherapy and Religious Values" (1980) and the Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (coeditor, 1971- 2003). The foffowing interview took place via e-mail during June 2006.
Front Matter 2.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Racial Attitudes Among Asian And European American College Students: A Cross-Cultural Examination., Timothy B. Smith, Raquel Bowman, Sungti Hsu
Racial Attitudes Among Asian And European American College Students: A Cross-Cultural Examination., Timothy B. Smith, Raquel Bowman, Sungti Hsu
Faculty Publications
College campuses are becoming increasingly racially diverse and may provide an optimal setting for the reduction of racial stereotypes and prejudices perpetuated in society. To better understand racism among college students, this study evaluated the attitudes of Asian and White European Americans toward several racial out-groups. Participants completed a survey containing the Social Distance Scale, and differences between participants' ratings of their own race were contrasted with their ratings of other races. Findings revealed strong preferences for social affiliations with members of their same racial background, with attitudes towards out-groups differing as a function of the race of the participant. …
Client Outcomes Across Counselor Training Level Within A Multitiered Supervision Model, Scott J. Nyman, Mark A. Nafziger, Timothy B. Smith
Client Outcomes Across Counselor Training Level Within A Multitiered Supervision Model, Scott J. Nyman, Mark A. Nafziger, Timothy B. Smith
Faculty Publications
The authors examined client outcome data to evaluate treatment effectiveness across counselor training level. They used a multitiered supervision model consisting of professional staff, interns, and practicum students. Clients (N = 264) demonstrated significant improvement with no significant outcome differences between professional staff and supervised trainees. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Commitment And Relationship Maintenance Behaviors As Marital Protective Factors During Economic Pressure, Jeffrey P. Dew, Mark Jackson
Commitment And Relationship Maintenance Behaviors As Marital Protective Factors During Economic Pressure, Jeffrey P. Dew, Mark Jackson
Faculty Publications
Using a contemporary national sample of married couples (N = 1368 couples) and a dyadic path analysis, the authors examined whether commitment and relationship maintenance behaviors facilitate marital quality resilience for wives and husbands reporting recession-related financial stressors and economic pressure. Relationship maintenance behaviors moderated the association between economic pressure and marital quality for wives. Wives reported higher levels of marital satisfaction and lower levels of divorce proneness during economic pressure when husbands reported higher levels of relationship maintenance behaviors. Unexpectedly, wives reported higher levels of divorce proneness during economic pressure when husbands reported higher levels of marital commitment.
Full Journal 6.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.