Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Brigham Young University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 4651 - 4680 of 6849

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Marital Quality And Risk Factors For Chd, Rebecca Wallace, Nicole Barber, Bryan J. Jensen, Paige Vella Apr 2010

Marital Quality And Risk Factors For Chd, Rebecca Wallace, Nicole Barber, Bryan J. Jensen, Paige Vella

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Epidemiological research indicates that marriage may significantly protect individuals from various causes of morbidity and mortality including cardiovascular disease6,7. There is also growing evidence that marital quality may be equally if not more important than marital status. While married individuals have greater health benefits relative to unmarried individuals, unhappily married individuals may be worse off than unmarried8-10. For instance, marital distress has been associated with a 2 to 3 fold increase in the risk of heart disease11and for recurrent coronary events12.

Go to article

Materialism, Religiosity, And Financial Stress As Predictors Of Retirement Planning, Scott H. Payne, Jeffrey P. Dew, Jeremy Yorgason Apr 2010

Materialism, Religiosity, And Financial Stress As Predictors Of Retirement Planning, Scott H. Payne, Jeffrey P. Dew, Jeremy Yorgason

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Since 1978 the number of individuals covered by defined-benefit plans has been cut in half (presently 21%), and personal savings as a percentage of disposable income has also declined from 8.9% in 1978 to 4.3% in 2009. These changes are impacting financial stability during retirement. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact materialism, religiosity, and financial stress have on retirement planning.

Go to article

Rio Drug Factions And The Children Of The Favelas, Melanie Davies, Jini Roby Apr 2010

Rio Drug Factions And The Children Of The Favelas, Melanie Davies, Jini Roby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Rio de Janeiro, among other major cities in Brazil, has been surrounded with slums for over a hundred years. These slums, called favelasby the natives, began springing up in the 1850’s (Gay, 1994). Many people migrated to the city in search of a better life. Unable to afford a home, they built shelters on the illegally claimed hillsides of Rio de Janeiro, intending to improve their situation from there (Villareal & Silva, 2006). Instead, the number of favelas has drastically increased over the years. In Rio de Janeiro alone, there are currently over 1800 favelas housing about 2 million people, …

Go to article

Not All Aid Flows Are Created Equal: An Analysis Of The Allocation Of Foreign Aid To Combat Infectious Diseases, Shane W. Dayton, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

Not All Aid Flows Are Created Equal: An Analysis Of The Allocation Of Foreign Aid To Combat Infectious Diseases, Shane W. Dayton, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The developing world is plagued by infectious diseases. Controlling infectious diseases will reduce suffering and promote economic development. Foreign aid donors fund projects for developing countries to help combat infectious diseases. However, foreign aid is not always allocated based on need. Often, it is given for political and strategic reasons1. With respect to aid for the health sector, the research has focused primarily on the global-disease level and not on the country-disease level. The limited research on the latter suggests that donors are responding to need2. The focus of my research is to examine the allocation of foreign aid specifically …

Go to article

Note-Taking Method Affects Immediate And Delayed Recall, Keith Lowell, Meagen Jensen, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

Note-Taking Method Affects Immediate And Delayed Recall, Keith Lowell, Meagen Jensen, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Note-taking improves performance on tasks (Heggarty, 1997). Because of the frequent and varied use of notes, many studies have been done on the subject of note-taking. Most studies examine differences between note-taking methods. For example, a current focus is whether note-taking within a teacher-provided outline yields better test performance than free note-taking (Larson, 2009; Piolat, 2007). Other studies examine different note-taking methods used by individuals, i.e. shorthand, diagrams, or graphic organization. A literature review found no studies which have examined the separate effect of note-taking on visual or auditory performance. Because note-taking requires the student to look away from a …

Go to article

Schizophrenia And Error Processing: A Meta Analysis, David Rackham, Scott Baldwin, Michael Larson Apr 2010

Schizophrenia And Error Processing: A Meta Analysis, David Rackham, Scott Baldwin, Michael Larson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The error-related negativity (ERN) is a response locked Event-Related Potential component that peaks approximately 50 ms after an incorrect response. (Gehring, 1993) In a general sense the ERN seems to play a role in error detection and monitoring that occurs in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The ERN is modulated by affective variables as well as by psychopathology. It is thought that deficiencies in the internal monitoring systems of individuals with schizophrenia may be related to the expression of symptoms typical to schizophrenia. Studies of the ERN and individuals with schizophrenia have revealed significant results that support these assumptions. No …

Go to article

Social Versus Memory Demands On Cognitive Set Shifting, Oliver H. Johnston, S. White, A. Clawson, E. Krauskopf Apr 2010

Social Versus Memory Demands On Cognitive Set Shifting, Oliver H. Johnston, S. White, A. Clawson, E. Krauskopf

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Executive functions refer to brain processes needed for planning, flexibility, abstract thinking, and other everyday organizational tasks. There remains inconsistency in executive function (EF) studies in autism. A recent review of previous studies (Corbett et al., 2009) reports overall significant deficiencies in EF for autism groups, but it is uncertain how much of this may be due to the presence of ADHD symptoms in 30-50% of children diagnosed with autism (Yerys et al 2009). It has been shown that children with high-functioning autism perform the Wisconsin Card Sort, a test of set-shifting and perseveration, better when it is administered via …

Go to article

Pathways To Marriage...Or Not: A Study On The Emotions Of Dating In Lds Young Adults, Stephanie L. Standage, Melissa S. Kuhlenhoelter, Thomas B. Holman Apr 2010

Pathways To Marriage...Or Not: A Study On The Emotions Of Dating In Lds Young Adults, Stephanie L. Standage, Melissa S. Kuhlenhoelter, Thomas B. Holman

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The “Pathways To Marriage…Or Not” study was preformed to gain a greater understanding of the dating attitudes and experiences of LDS young adults while dating. It has become apparent through the course of this study that dating has changed from what it has been in the past. We have seen a greater amount of hanging out, and not as much casual dating. We have seen a lot of dissonance between what people say and what they do. We are wondering why this is. Why is it that young adults seem to have a harder time dating these days? We feel …

Go to article

Predictors Of Performance Monitoring Abilities Following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Influence Of Negative Affect, Cognitive Dysfunction, And Injury Severity, Joseph E. Fair, Michael J. Larson Apr 2010

Predictors Of Performance Monitoring Abilities Following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Influence Of Negative Affect, Cognitive Dysfunction, And Injury Severity, Joseph E. Fair, Michael J. Larson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often demonstrate impairments in cognitive control and performance monitoring. Performance monitoring is a cognitive control process modulated by both cognitive and affective variables. Performance monitoring functions can be evaluated using the error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error positivity (Pe) components of the event-related potential (ERP).

Go to article

Parents Raising A Child With Type 1 Diabetes: Experiences And Recommendations For Services, Joan Leishman, Ann Jubber, Colette Dalton, Stacey Mork Apr 2010

Parents Raising A Child With Type 1 Diabetes: Experiences And Recommendations For Services, Joan Leishman, Ann Jubber, Colette Dalton, Stacey Mork

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Twenty parents raising a child with type 1 diabetes participated in one hour focus groups. Parents identified challenges related to having a child with diabetes and possible recommendations for services to overcome those challenges.

Go to article

Performance-Monitoring And Evaluative Control In High Functioning Autism, Erin Krauskopf, A. Clawson, O. Johnston, M. J. Crowley Apr 2010

Performance-Monitoring And Evaluative Control In High Functioning Autism, Erin Krauskopf, A. Clawson, O. Johnston, M. J. Crowley

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

1. Understanding the neurobiology of how children with ASD make mistakes has implications for understanding biological causes and informing intervention strategies 2. This study aimed to determine how response monitoring (i.e., learning from mistakes) differs between those with ASD and controls

Go to article

Predicting Dyadic Congruence In Retirement Plans Among Middle-Aged Couples, Benjamin R. Malczyk, Jeremy Yorgason Apr 2010

Predicting Dyadic Congruence In Retirement Plans Among Middle-Aged Couples, Benjamin R. Malczyk, Jeremy Yorgason

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Although there are many studies examining couple’s financial preparation for retirement, there are relatively few examining how couples expect to use their time in retirement. This does not undermine the importance of how coupes plan to use their time. Research has shown that leisure time usage was a bigger challenge than finances for retired couples (Henry, Milller, & Giarrusso, 2005).The current study extends previous research by having couples answer an open ended question about their retirement plans and seeing the congruency between planned leisure and time usage by husbands and wives. Specifically this study seeks to answer: 1. What do …

Go to article

The Effects Of Music On Memory Retention, Taylor N. Scott, Meghan Dixon, Katie Wiscombe, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

The Effects Of Music On Memory Retention, Taylor N. Scott, Meghan Dixon, Katie Wiscombe, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Popular belief indicates that music aids in memory retention. However, Gray and Della Sala (2007) found that music does not have a significant effect on memory. A similar study indicated that music only aids memory when it is used as an association (mnemonic device; Moore, Peterson, O’Shea, & Thaut, 2008). Given this background, we hypothesized music would not influence retention on a standard clinical measure of short-term memory retention like the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; Rey, 1995).

Go to article

The Current State Of The Alcaldia Indigena In Light Of Its Historical Precedents: The Case Of Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán, Jonathan Luke, John Hawkins Apr 2010

The Current State Of The Alcaldia Indigena In Light Of Its Historical Precedents: The Case Of Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán, Jonathan Luke, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The military governments of 1957-1986 abolished all forms of Maya self-government. With the signing of the Peace Accords in 1994, Mayan communities have resurrected the institution of the Alcaldia Indigena, drawing on cultural memory to reorganize it. The new manifestation builds on the Alcaldia’s former structure and seeks to connect internationally to the indigenous rights movement and gain official recognition as a local government body representing indigenous interests.

Go to article

Promontory Caves Revisited: Preliminary Analysis Of Faunal Material From 42bo1 And 42bo2, Lindsay Johansson, Joel Janetski Apr 2010

Promontory Caves Revisited: Preliminary Analysis Of Faunal Material From 42bo1 And 42bo2, Lindsay Johansson, Joel Janetski

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Promontory Caves (42BO1 and 42BO2) are located on Promontory point and were excavated in 1930 and 1931 by Julian Steward from the University of Utah. The caves are the type site for Promontory Phase occupation in the Great Basin and the work being done currently concerning the caves is one aspect of a larger project by Jack Ives of the University of Alberta and Joel Janetski of Brigham Young University concerning the Promontory culture and its relationship to the Athapaskan migration. Based upon the presence of moccasins and ceramics recovered at the site, Steward (1937:87) concluded that Promontory cultures were …

Go to article

Public Transportation Decision Making, Benjamin Y. Warner, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

Public Transportation Decision Making, Benjamin Y. Warner, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

People make decisions regarding whether they will use public transportation based on many factors. I create a logistic binary response model where one’s decision about whether to use public transportation is a function of the size of a city that the person lives in, number of vehicles the person’s household has available, household income, working status, and day of the week. Workers may find public transportation more convenient if the transportation is close to their home. This is more likely to occur in an area with high population density.

Go to article

Rising To The Top (And Hitting Rock Bottom): A Look Into The Relationship Between Promotion And Depression, Karen Spence, Cori Murphy, Blake Torgerson, Jessica Thompson Apr 2010

Rising To The Top (And Hitting Rock Bottom): A Look Into The Relationship Between Promotion And Depression, Karen Spence, Cori Murphy, Blake Torgerson, Jessica Thompson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

A job promotion or an increase in supervisory responsibility is typically seen as something to be congratulated; but could there actually be a dark side to it? Due to few previous studies regarding this topic in relation to women and mothers, the subject was of great interest to us. Our findings revealed that job change and increased supervisory responsibilities had a negative association with depression levels. Marriage, number of children, and dual-earner households were also negatively associated with levels of depression. Women with more children also had significantly lower levels of depression than men or women without children. Further research …

Go to article

The Pediatric Outcome Questionnaire: Considerations Regarding A Promising Pediatric Outcome Measure, Sasha Mondragon, Scott Baldwin, Mikle South Apr 2010

The Pediatric Outcome Questionnaire: Considerations Regarding A Promising Pediatric Outcome Measure, Sasha Mondragon, Scott Baldwin, Mikle South

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

To our knowledge, the Preschool Outcome Questionnaire (POQ) is the only existing measure developed specifically to track treatment progress over time in preschool-aged children. We examined the factor structure of the POQ using an exploratory factor analysis and conclude that the POQ is an essential first step toward effective measurement of treatment outcome in young children. However, we suggest a revision of POQ items in order to provide greater cohesion and reliability without sacrificing the effective elements of the measure.

Go to article

The Realty Of Inequality, Aimee Farnsworth, Valerie Hudson Apr 2010

The Realty Of Inequality, Aimee Farnsworth, Valerie Hudson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Although women’s property and inheritance rights are recognized in international law, women in many countries still lack the ability to own or inherit property, either by law or by the trumping of law in practice. The increasing number of women as heads of household who are in critical need of land and property for economic security is a particular concern in the developing world, and a major factor for the progress of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (United Nations 2009). Even where laws are present, the rift between property rights and actual ownership is immense. Discrepancies between statutory and …

Go to article

Towards Measuring Relational Embeddedness: 2 Factor Analyses Of Trends Pilot Survey Data, Tim Walker, Joseph Olsen, Julie Hite Apr 2010

Towards Measuring Relational Embeddedness: 2 Factor Analyses Of Trends Pilot Survey Data, Tim Walker, Joseph Olsen, Julie Hite

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Relational Embeddedness. A theoretical construct that attempts to describe reasons why per-sons maintain certain interpersonal relation-ships. The specific theory of interest was formulated by Hite (2001). Simply stated relational embeddedness is a function of the level to which an individual’s relationship involves more or less of three components: Dyadic Interaction: The extent and quality of interpersonal interaction. Personal Relationship: Amounts of the emotional connections in the relationship. Social Capital: The level of mutual and communal reciprocity affecting the relationship.

Go to article

Spirituality And Error Processing, Angelica M. Mamani, Patrick Steffen, Michael Larson Apr 2010

Spirituality And Error Processing, Angelica M. Mamani, Patrick Steffen, Michael Larson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Hundreds of articles have been published in psychology journals investigating spirituality and its uses in therapy and as a coping mechanism. However little research has been done on the effect of spirituality and neurological processes. Inzlichtet. al. (2009) asserted that both belief in God and high religious zeal were correlated with smaller ERN amplitudes. However in Inzlicht’s study only those who were highly zealous spiritually and if the participants believed in God. Nothing about the components of spirituality were examined. In order to fully assess the components of spirituality the Spirituality Assessment Inventory (SAI) was administered and the various subscales …

Go to article

Stealing Babies, Making Families: Does Corruption In Government Lead To More Adoptions Into The Us?, Tisah Quarnberg, Chelsea Mazar, Jini Roby Apr 2010

Stealing Babies, Making Families: Does Corruption In Government Lead To More Adoptions Into The Us?, Tisah Quarnberg, Chelsea Mazar, Jini Roby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

On March 26, 2007 Ana Escobar reported her baby Esther Zulamitawas stolen. Ana was locked in a storage closet at the family’s shoe store, north of Guatemala City, while armed men took her daughter. Two months later, Ana was sitting in the National Adoption Council’s offices when she spotted her baby. Esther was being adopted by an unidentified US couple. DNA tests had been falsified and Esther was given all new papers. Convinced that the child was hers, Ana got a new DNA tests ordered. These tests confirmed that the baby was Esther and she has since been reunited with …

Go to article

Violence In Children's Popular Television Programs, Victoria Bramwell, Ashley Herr, Christine Sickles, Jessica Kugath Apr 2010

Violence In Children's Popular Television Programs, Victoria Bramwell, Ashley Herr, Christine Sickles, Jessica Kugath

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Previous research done on violence in the media has primarily focused on the effects it has on children. Researchers have tried to prove that children’s viewing of television violence is linked to negative side effects such as encouraging children to imitate their violent acts in social settings (Simmons, Stalsworth and Wentzel, 1999), it’s effects can lead to psychological trauma (Singer, et al., 2004), and even that it can have an impact on a child’s moral reasoning (Krcmar, Viera, 2005). However, little research has been done on how much violence is portrayed in popular television shows and if it increases with …

Go to article

The Mental Health Of Afghan Children Residing In Pakistani Refugee Camps, Kelli Child, Jini Roby Apr 2010

The Mental Health Of Afghan Children Residing In Pakistani Refugee Camps, Kelli Child, Jini Roby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

There have been several different events in Afghanistan's history that have forced its citizens to find refuge amongst its neighbors, the largest amount settling in Pakistan. As one of the largest groups of refugees currently, there are countless hardships that these individuals face. While struggling to find a place to meet their basic necessities, they meet untold hardships even within themselves--‐ coping with the stress, trauma and inevitable effects of being drenched in war--‐torn surroundings. There are political, economic, familial, cultural and individual contributing factors that inevitably have an effect upon their mental health. As with any population, the children …

Go to article

Temperamental Behaviors Measured During The First Months Of Life Are Predictive Of Aggression In Group Housed Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Andrew C. Chaffin, Christina S. Barr, James D. Higley Apr 2010

Temperamental Behaviors Measured During The First Months Of Life Are Predictive Of Aggression In Group Housed Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Andrew C. Chaffin, Christina S. Barr, James D. Higley

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Temperament is thought to be the foundation for personality and subsequent behaviors later in life. To assess early temperamental variables that place individuals at risk for aggression later in life, this laboratory-based study examined infant behavior in group housed infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The subjects were 52 mother-reared subjects. Behavior was assessed from the first through the eighth months of life using objective behavioral measures. Two 5-minute sessions were recorded for subjects each week over 8 months and the average rate of each of the 25 behaviors measured was the dependent measure. A test of the same subjects 2-4 …

Go to article

The Positive Effects Of Video Gaming Within Families, Maren K. Christiansen, Sarah Lewis, Jesse Croskrey, Meredith Mehner Apr 2010

The Positive Effects Of Video Gaming Within Families, Maren K. Christiansen, Sarah Lewis, Jesse Croskrey, Meredith Mehner

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Although in the past, research on video games has focused on the negative aspects, our study examines the positive influence of video games if used in the right context. Though co-playing, spending time together, and aiming for a common goal, family connectedness and other good outcomes could be expected to increase (Aarsand, 2007). In sum, our study seeks to find any potential for the enhancement of family relationships through the use of video games.

Go to article

The Relationship Between Women’S Clinics And Hospital-Based Women’S Health Services, 1980-2000, Hayley R. Darchuck, Jessica Callahan, Marie Cornwall Apr 2010

The Relationship Between Women’S Clinics And Hospital-Based Women’S Health Services, 1980-2000, Hayley R. Darchuck, Jessica Callahan, Marie Cornwall

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The United States women’s health movement began in the 1960s as women throughout the country decided to take control of their bodies and their health care in the form of women’s clinics. These clinics were based on “for women, by women” health care, emphasizing self help, education and birth control. Since the creation of clinics, their growth has appeared to fluctuate substantially by the effects of outside factors such as presidential impacts and antiabortionist vandalism. For example, during the Reagan administration, funding for women’s clinics decreased due to staunch “Reaganomics,” and block funding (Morgen2002) and later increased after Clinton’s entrance …

Go to article

Book Review, W. Reed Smith, Norman C. Rotham, Pedro P. Geiger, Laina Farhat-Holzman Apr 2010

Book Review, W. Reed Smith, Norman C. Rotham, Pedro P. Geiger, Laina Farhat-Holzman

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Go to article

An Ontological Analysis Of Mainstream Addiction Theories: Exploring Relational Alternatives, Wiley Benjamin Hill Iii Mar 2010

An Ontological Analysis Of Mainstream Addiction Theories: Exploring Relational Alternatives, Wiley Benjamin Hill Iii

Theses and Dissertations

Individuals and societies have long struggled to understand and confront, by constructive means, the nemesis of addiction. No other human ill has provoked more concern, accounted for more suffering, or elicited greater consequence than addiction in all its diverse forms. Although alcoholism and drug abuse symbolize the traditional essence of addiction; compulsive sexuality, pathological gambling, eating disorders, tobacco use, etc., are also believed to have addictive properties according to contemporary concepts. Numerous commendable theories and therapies have been offered down through history to explain and mediate addictions conceptually enigmatic and therapeutically resistant nature. As this paper will clarify, many of …

Go to article

The Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On Elementary Students' On-Task Behavior As A Response To Intervention, Anika Kronmiller Bales Mar 2010

The Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On Elementary Students' On-Task Behavior As A Response To Intervention, Anika Kronmiller Bales

Theses and Dissertations

Effective interventions are imperative for students who are at-risk for academic failure. Response to Intervention (RTI), a service delivery framework, is gaining momentum in schools as it aims to provide effective and appropriate interventions of varying degrees. Frequently used in the form of a three-tier process, RTI addresses academic and behavioral deficits for students first at a school-wide level; next, at an individualized level; and finally, at a more intense individualized level. This study examined the effects of video self-modeling (VSM) as a Tier 2 RTI for two students in general education classrooms. Both students exhibited low rates of on-task …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last