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Articles 4621 - 4650 of 6849

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Parental Involvement Among Immigrants: Examining Group Differences Of Latent Means Using Categorical Data, Wade C. Jacobsen, Joseph Olsen Apr 2010

Parental Involvement Among Immigrants: Examining Group Differences Of Latent Means Using Categorical Data, Wade C. Jacobsen, Joseph Olsen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Bourdieu’smodel of cultural and social reproduction suggests that parents of mainstream backgrounds possess higher levels of cultural and social capital, thus magnifying their level of participation in their children’s educations. Previous studies supporting this theory, have categorized parents of racial-ethnic minorities by pan-ethnic categories (Black, Asian, Hispanic, etc.). This study is one of the first to explore parental involvement levels of parents from different nationalities.

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Saving The Surfer Identity: The Paddle-Out Ceremony, Charles R. Thomas, John Hawkins Apr 2010

Saving The Surfer Identity: The Paddle-Out Ceremony, Charles R. Thomas, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The circle has many forms within Surf Culture, including the lei. The Circle in the Paddle-out is known as the Symbol of Eternity.

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Self Indulgence...Competition For The Relational Dollar, Jeff Finch, Keshia Lai, Ivan Beutler Apr 2010

Self Indulgence...Competition For The Relational Dollar, Jeff Finch, Keshia Lai, Ivan Beutler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Little is known about the development and the possible malleable nature of adolescent money and relational aspirations. This research examines the patterns and tradeoffs observed between money aspirations of youth from two disparate communities: Alaska—Prince William Sound, Utah—Wasatch Front

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Measuring Father Involvement With Adolescents In Botswana, Kerianne Dyer, Jini Roby Apr 2010

Measuring Father Involvement With Adolescents In Botswana, Kerianne Dyer, Jini Roby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Emerging research suggests that father involvement is a multifaceted concept, often driven by cultural mandates. In this study, survey data were collected from 704 adolescents aged 14-16 in Botswana. Fathers who provided both co-residence and financial support were perceived at the highest level of involvement. When considered separately, financial support rather than co-residence was associated with higher levels of perceived father involvement. Maternal gate keeping was also found to be a significant influence on perceived levels of father involvement. Implications for policy, practice and research are discussed.

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Parental Stress As A Mediator For Relationship Satisfaction And Child Well-Being Between Two Adult Developmental Groups, Heather Perkins, Brian J. Willoughby Apr 2010

Parental Stress As A Mediator For Relationship Satisfaction And Child Well-Being Between Two Adult Developmental Groups, Heather Perkins, Brian J. Willoughby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

In the last 15 years, a new body of research looking at the development of individuals within the age range of 18 to 25 has emerged. Fifty years ago, this developmental period was marked by what are now deemed “adult” responsibilities such as marriage and parenthood. In present times however, we have found that more and more individuals are using this period as a time to obtain an education, and form self identity. Research looking at this population has unearthed distinguishing characteristics that set them apart from other developmental groups (Arnett & Taber, 1994). For emerging adults undergoing the transition …

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The Effect Of Positive Affect On Memory, Jenna Gardner, Jeremy Ashworth, Brittney Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

The Effect Of Positive Affect On Memory, Jenna Gardner, Jeremy Ashworth, Brittney Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The majority of positive affect research has been studied in relation to mental flexibility and creative thinking, with a smaller emphasis in the area of memory recall. Studies have specifically looked at the influence of positive affect as it relates to the following: creative problem solving (e.g., Mikulincer, & Sheffi, 2000, Estrada, Young, & Isen, 1994; Greene & Noice, 1988; Isen, Johnson, Mertz, & Robinson, 1985), improves recall of neutral and positive information (Isen, Shalker, Clark, & Karp, 1978; Nasby & Yando, 1982; Teasdale & Fogarty, 1979), promotes mental flexibility (Carnevale & Isen, 1986; Estrada, Isen, & Young, 1997; Isen …

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Police Inspired Crime: The Effect Of Corruption On Crime, Taryn W. Davis, Jeffrey Pett, Stephen Bahr Apr 2010

Police Inspired Crime: The Effect Of Corruption On Crime, Taryn W. Davis, Jeffrey Pett, Stephen Bahr

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Criminal behavior can be caused by strain produced from confrontation with negative stimuli. Corruption of public officials can act as a negative stimuli which creates anger and strain on the general public and leads to an increase in criminal behavior.

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The Impact Of Religiosity On The Drug Use Of High School Athletes: Can Parents Really Make A Difference?, Lance C. Shuldberg, Sarah Coyne Apr 2010

The Impact Of Religiosity On The Drug Use Of High School Athletes: Can Parents Really Make A Difference?, Lance C. Shuldberg, Sarah Coyne

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

There are mixed findings on the impact of parents on adolescent drug use. Parents including adolescents in athletic programs reduce some but not all drug use. Parents’ religiosity is the number one predictor of adolescent religiosity.

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The New User: Revisiting The Digital Divide, David S. Lassen, David Magleby Apr 2010

The New User: Revisiting The Digital Divide, David S. Lassen, David Magleby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Though many scholars and commentators are optimistic about the influence of the Internet on American political culture, some decry the presence of a “digital divide” wherein individuals of higher socioeconomic status have greater access to online political tools. I argue that this is an unnecessarily limited view of online political behavior and that analyses of online political engagement should go beyond questions of access to include considerations of individual preference. Using the results from a new survey of 2008 campaign donors, I find that differences between online and offline political participators are largely skill-and interest-based, not demographic. I also present …

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Religiosity And Achievement: The Benefit Of Religious Schooling For Religious Youth, Brett Taylor, Michael Peterson, Benjamin Gibbs Apr 2010

Religiosity And Achievement: The Benefit Of Religious Schooling For Religious Youth, Brett Taylor, Michael Peterson, Benjamin Gibbs

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Parental religious involvement and its effects on child math achievement in Catholic and public settings was examined at various age categories in the National Childhood Longitudinal Study: Kindergarten Cohort (NCLS-K). A mother’s attendance at a religious service was found to have a significant, negative impact on student achievement overall, varying by the degree of maternal religious involvement and the religious affiliation of the child’s school. From the data, we conclude that children with very religiously involved mothers are at greatest disadvantage in non-religious schools, and further conclude that children of very religious mothers would benefit most from religious educational environments.

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Theoretical Treasure Untapped: Sociology’S Neglect Of Friedrich Nietzsche, Meghan Butcher, Howard Bahr Apr 2010

Theoretical Treasure Untapped: Sociology’S Neglect Of Friedrich Nietzsche, Meghan Butcher, Howard Bahr

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Q1-How might Nietzsche’s work benefit sociology? Q2-To what extent is Nietzsche already represented in the sociological tradition? Q3-How have sociologists responded to Antonio’s (1995) plea that we consider him a founder? Q4-How does sociological usage compare with that of other disciplines? Q5-What are our options and opportunities?

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The Power Of The “Magic Moment”: The Long-Term Effects Of Marital Expectations On Child Health And Relational Outcomes, Jeffrey K. Larsen, Jeffrey K. Larsen, Brian J. Willoughby Apr 2010

The Power Of The “Magic Moment”: The Long-Term Effects Of Marital Expectations On Child Health And Relational Outcomes, Jeffrey K. Larsen, Jeffrey K. Larsen, Brian J. Willoughby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Nonmarital childbearing has become increasingly common among couples in the United States. Recent research has shown that these unwed parents and their children are more likely to experience negative personal and familial outcomes compared to those families in which the parents are married. These negative outcomes include lower levels of financial stability, inconsistent paternal involvement, more behavioral problems in children, relationship instability, lower amounts of positive parenting practices, and lower levels of relationship satisfaction (Bronte- Tinkew, & Horowitz, 2009; Castillo, 2009; Huang, & Lee, 2008; McLanahan & Garfinkel, 2000; Osborne, Manning, & Smock, 2007; Osborne & McLanahan, 2007). Scholars have …

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Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson Apr 2010

Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Learning and memory are phenomena made possible via physical changes at neuronal synapses in the brain, a process known as synaptic plasticity. Dysfunctions in synaptic plasticity contribute to such diseases and disorders as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and retrograde amnesia (Brunetal., 2001). Recently, TRPV1 activation was shown to mediate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (Gibsonetal., 2008). TRPV1 is a presynaptic ligand-gated calcium (Ca2+) channel located throughout the CNS, including in the hippocampus. TRPV1 channels are activated by the binding of capsaicin, which is responsible for producing the “heat” of red peppers. Several studies implicate a role for TRPV1 in contextual …

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Service-Learning In Emerging Adulthood: Positive Development And Outcomes, Katie E. Rasmussen, Larry Nelson, Laura M. Padilla-Walker Apr 2010

Service-Learning In Emerging Adulthood: Positive Development And Outcomes, Katie E. Rasmussen, Larry Nelson, Laura M. Padilla-Walker

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The current study qualitatively examined positive development and outcomes during emerging adulthood specifically in the context of service-learning experience in the Romania International Internship program. We hypothesized that compared with emerging adults who do not participate in service-learning experiences, those who do participate develop more positive outcomes including (1) more positive self-perceptions, (2) greater identity development, and (3) achievement of criteria deemed necessary for adulthood.

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Service-Learning: Does It Matter?, Katie E. Rasmussen, David Nelson, Jason Carroll, Sarah Coyne Apr 2010

Service-Learning: Does It Matter?, Katie E. Rasmussen, David Nelson, Jason Carroll, Sarah Coyne

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

We hypothesized that those who participated in service-learning experiences, relative to the comparison groups, would experience greater growth in self-perceptions or valuing of religious identity (RI), cultural awareness (CA), balanced living (BL), lifelong learning (LL), and critical thinking (CT). We also expected study abroad participants to experience more growth than our control group participants, given the demands and opportunities of an international experience.

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Volunteer Experience At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Sadie J. Lee, Paul Stavast Apr 2010

Volunteer Experience At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Sadie J. Lee, Paul Stavast

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

As BYU’s “teaching” museum, the MPC provides a setting where BYU students can gain real museum experience. Under the mentorship of professional staff, museum class students and student employees are responsible for researching, developing, and installing exhibitions; processing and cataloging incoming and current collections; and organizing and cataloging excavation notes and other collection records. Beyond classes and employment, the MPC also provides an oft-overlooked educational experience for student volunteers. Under the supervision of student employees, volunteers provide assistance in creating and distributing educational materials, cataloging collections, organizing records, and other tasks necessary for the daily maintenance of museum operations. I …

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Why Are You Nice? Relational And Dispositional Correlates Of Adolescent Prosocial Behavior, Noelle L. Pitcher, Drew Egan, Julie Lutz, Brent Black Apr 2010

Why Are You Nice? Relational And Dispositional Correlates Of Adolescent Prosocial Behavior, Noelle L. Pitcher, Drew Egan, Julie Lutz, Brent Black

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

IntroductionProsocialbehavior is defined as voluntary behavior to help and benefit another (Padilla-Walker & Christensen, in press). Most research looking at adolescent’s prosocialbehavior has taken a dispositional approach, meaning adolescents help people because of their personal traits such as empathy (Krevans & Gibbs, 1996), and values (Bardi& Schwartz, 2003). In addition, the majority of research focuses on prosocialbehavior toward strangers. There is also research showing that adolescents are more frequently prosocialtoward friends and family than toward strangers (Padilla-Walker & Christensen, in press). Thus, recent studies have turned their attention to a relational approach of prosocialdevelopment. This approach states that adolescents are …

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Lds Pathways To Marriage: How Does Communication Play A Role In Relationship Progression?, Kaitlin Lattin, Cherie Wilson, Todd Jensen, Adam Frary Apr 2010

Lds Pathways To Marriage: How Does Communication Play A Role In Relationship Progression?, Kaitlin Lattin, Cherie Wilson, Todd Jensen, Adam Frary

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of communication in the relationship progression or regression between males and females at BYU along the pathway to marriage. For most Americans, mate selection follows a predictable process of acquaintance, build-up, and [commitment] leading to legal marriage (Levinger, 1983). This process is characterized by personal choice based on mutual physical attraction, growing interpersonal involvement, and interdependence, followed by commitment to marriage and actual marriage during the period of greatest relationship satisfaction (Cate & Lloyd, 1992). It was hypothesized that communication plays an essential role in the progression or regression of …

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Making It: A Comparison Of Hispanic And Asian Immigrants' Annual Income, Ben Harrison, Deborah Erickson, Ham Mitala, Lauren Vanderhorst Apr 2010

Making It: A Comparison Of Hispanic And Asian Immigrants' Annual Income, Ben Harrison, Deborah Erickson, Ham Mitala, Lauren Vanderhorst

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Research indicates that the number of immigrants in U.S. in 2006 was 37.5 million. The purpose of this study was to examine if Asian or Hispanic immigrants had a higher income and the factors that influence these differences. To gain a foundation on the subject the researches reviewed literature completed on Asian and Hispanic immigrants to the U.S. They discovered that Asians are considered the model minority by the American public. The researchers then looked at the New Immigrant Survey (NIS) from Princeton University done in 2003 and 2004. The variables explored are ethnicity, income, education, documentation, gender, and English …

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The Paradox Of English In Tonga: Attributed Status Vs. Social Aversion, Pauline Tuitavuki, John Hawkins Apr 2010

The Paradox Of English In Tonga: Attributed Status Vs. Social Aversion, Pauline Tuitavuki, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

My research took place among young adult Tongans, ages 18-30 on the main island of Nuku'alofa in the last remaining Pacific Kingdom of Tonga where Tongan and English are both recognized as official languages. Previous research in Tonga shows that robust sectors of the economy, involving business, tourism, and education, requires English language proficiency for good employment. Consequently, Tongans highly esteem English proficiency, although my experience revealed English practically non-existent in daily communication. Why? Divulging, interviewing, and surveying the impacts of English, past, present, and future, presented three main reasons for social aversion toward speaking English which for them, often …

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Marital Ideals, Franklin O. Poulsen, Kyle Reid, Thomas B. Holman Apr 2010

Marital Ideals, Franklin O. Poulsen, Kyle Reid, Thomas B. Holman

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

There is a scant but growing literature exploring how marital ideals influence dating and marriage among young Americans. This research indicates that a person’s marital ideals are predictive of marital success (Fletcher, Simpson, & Thomas, 2000), and that similarity in ideals especially those that are value based help ensure positive marital outcomes (Acitelli, Kenny & Weiner, 2001). Americans in particular are looking for a partner who is caring, social, a good communicator, involved in a career, independent, family-oriented, and intelligent. (Knobloch-Fedders& Knudson, 2009). In this study we were interested in exploring a conceptual model that includes the source of marital …

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To Stay Or To Leave: Factors Which Predict Women's Tolerance Of Abusive Relationships, Melinda Cook, Lauren Woodward, Bert Burraston Apr 2010

To Stay Or To Leave: Factors Which Predict Women's Tolerance Of Abusive Relationships, Melinda Cook, Lauren Woodward, Bert Burraston

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

This study focuses on domestic violence victimization, specifically partner abuse towards women. Domestic violence is a major problem in the United States with far reaching consequences. Some estimates have shown that nearly 2 million women in the United States are severely assaulted by their significant others each year. A major problem that researchers face is, why do these women stay? If they are in an abusive relationship, why would they not end it? There is no definitive answer presented in prior research as to why women choose to leave or to stay in abusive relationships. This study seeks to identify …

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Modern-Day Conceptions Of Marriage In Visakhapatnam, India: “Bridging The Gap” Between Globalized Young Women And Their Parents, Courtney E. Petersen, Charles Nuckolls Apr 2010

Modern-Day Conceptions Of Marriage In Visakhapatnam, India: “Bridging The Gap” Between Globalized Young Women And Their Parents, Courtney E. Petersen, Charles Nuckolls

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Though the globalization of Visakhapatnam is causing a drastic shift in how university-age women understand and relate to current marriage practices and the power relationships associated with them, I propose that the tensions resulting from this change can be overcome through a revived importance placed on communication between the young woman and her parents.

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Non-Target Incidental Memory And Associated Factors, Sean Peterson, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

Non-Target Incidental Memory And Associated Factors, Sean Peterson, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Students want to learn what is on the test, but professors want students to learn all the curriculum, tested or not. One compromise is through non-target incidental memory, which acts like peripheral vision, so that even though some material is emphasized, surrounding material is also processed and learned. The current study found a significant amount of incidental memory that did not vary with year in school or sex. Therefore, “teaching to the test” does not necessarily block all learning of other material: some of it is automatically learned as well.

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Parental Influence In Adult Children’S Marital Relationships, Hsin-Yao Chiu, Jenet Jacob Apr 2010

Parental Influence In Adult Children’S Marital Relationships, Hsin-Yao Chiu, Jenet Jacob

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Parents’ couple relationship quality is highly associated with their adult children’s relationship quality with their own partners (Amato & Booth, 2001; Amato & Cheadle, 2005). According to social learning theory, children discover from observing their parents’ interactions that certain behaviors are linked to certain outcomes. They are more willing to follow those behaviors and attitudes which will help them attain their own desired goals (Akers, La Greca, Cochran, & Sellers, 1989; Bandura, 1977; Sellers, Cochran, & Branch, 2005). Drawing on Social Learning theory, the current study uses relationship self-regulation as the measure (Wilson, Charker, Lizzio, Halford and Kimlin, 2005) to …

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Windmills And Walls: A Social Club Harnesses The Winds Of Change In Brandenburg, Taylor C. Merkley, John Hawkins Apr 2010

Windmills And Walls: A Social Club Harnesses The Winds Of Change In Brandenburg, Taylor C. Merkley, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The town of Lüttein Brandenburg, Germany survived a fire in 1833, but faced a bigger threat to its survival when the Wall tumbled down. Residents began to move away for better jobs and the older population began to dwindle as the local economy looked bleak. Despite these challenges, the residents have found a way to revitalize their community using what is already available to them. In the former East Germany, where many rural towns face depopulation and isolation, the thriving, modern town of Lütte maintains its distinct agrarian character and outward connections. The local club Vere in “Altes Haus” successfully …

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Positive To Negative Affect, Forgiveness, And Relationship Quality In Married Couples, Rebekah M. Gardner, James Harper Apr 2010

Positive To Negative Affect, Forgiveness, And Relationship Quality In Married Couples, Rebekah M. Gardner, James Harper

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Gottman (1999) proposes that a 5:1 ratio of positive to negative behaviors is related to relationship quality. Current study examines forgiveness as a mediating variable. Halchuck et al. (2010) found that couples who recovered from attachment insecurities reported significantly higher levels of forgiveness.

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We Are Widows, We Are Women: The Oral Histories Of Low Caste Indian Widows And How They Maintain A Sense Of Self In The Face Of Social Role Change, Suzanne Powell, Charles Nuckolls, Valerie Hudson Apr 2010

We Are Widows, We Are Women: The Oral Histories Of Low Caste Indian Widows And How They Maintain A Sense Of Self In The Face Of Social Role Change, Suzanne Powell, Charles Nuckolls, Valerie Hudson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Despite having social widowhood imposed upon them, these wides are able to create a continuance of self by taking a conscious stand on their new role through utilizing value systems they maintained prior to widowhood and by giving personal meaning to the prescribed rites and behaviors associated with widowhood.

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Predictors Of Caregiver Burden Of Parents Of Children With Disabilities, Richard Alboroto, Susanne O. Roper Apr 2010

Predictors Of Caregiver Burden Of Parents Of Children With Disabilities, Richard Alboroto, Susanne O. Roper

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Parents of children with disabilities experience elevated stress, which may contribute to their caregiver burden. Factors related to caregiver burden may be child or parent related. In this study, we investigated how income, economic hardship, age of the child with a disability, number of children in the family, and family cohesion were associated with mothers’ and fathers’ caregiver burden. Participants consisted of parents of 192 children; 155 of the children had some form of disability. The results show that family cohesion was negatively related to mothers’ and fathers’ burden. Economic hardship was also strongly associated with burden. Results suggest that …

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Income And Health Outcomes: Revisiting The Income-Health Gradient, Craig H. Carter, Mark Showalter Apr 2010

Income And Health Outcomes: Revisiting The Income-Health Gradient, Craig H. Carter, Mark Showalter

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Much of the current debate surrounding health care is centered on the perception that the socio-economically disadvantaged are less healthy than their richer counterparts. This idea, known as the income-health gradient, has been studied heavily in the academic literature and this poster is an update of one such study conducted by Case et al. in 2002. In their study, the researchers found that those with lower incomes also have lower self-reported health scores, and that this relationship not only persists, but actually worsens, as people get older. Using updated data, I found that this problem is still very prevalent in …

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