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Articles 38851 - 38880 of 38997

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Passive Avoidance In Goldfish: Lack Of Evidence For Stimulus Specificity, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra Jun 1978

Passive Avoidance In Goldfish: Lack Of Evidence For Stimulus Specificity, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra

UMSL Emeritus

Goldfish, acquiring a passive avoidance response, showed substantially fewer responses in trial intervals than did their yoked controls. A passive procedure, where US reinforcement occurred immediately upon response, produced superior avoidance acquisition to a punishment procedure, where, if response occurred at any time during the trial interval, US reinforcement was administered at the end of the interval. This finding is consistent with the traditional delay of reinforcement gradient. Although goldfish acquired the passive avoidance response, it appeared to be situationally generalized and not stimulus specific, as indicated by a lack of differences between animals trained with a CS and those …

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Effects Of Instructional Set On The Comfortable Loudness Range, Jay R. Lucker May 1978

Effects Of Instructional Set On The Comfortable Loudness Range, Jay R. Lucker

Jay Lucker

Ten normal-hearing young adult subjects measured their Comfortable Loudness Ranges (CLRs) using two instructional sets. The first instructional set (range tracking) was similar to the Bekesy Comfortable Loudness tracking method described by Jerger and Jerger (1974). The second instructional set (limit tracking) required the subjects to perform separate trackings of each limit (upper and lower) of their CLRs. Results demonstrated a 34.4 dB difference between CLRs for the two instructional sets. The range tracking method yielded the narrowest CLR. Both instructional sets yielded similar upper limits of the CLR. The results of the present investigation demonstrate the importance of instructions …

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On The Measurement Of Benefits In An Urban Context: Some General Equilibrium Issues, Daniel L. Rubinfeld, Paul N. Courant May 1978

On The Measurement Of Benefits In An Urban Context: Some General Equilibrium Issues, Daniel L. Rubinfeld, Paul N. Courant

Daniel L. Rubinfeld

No abstract provided.

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Goldfish Avoidance Acquisition: Is The Process Classical, Instrumental, Or A Phototaxis?, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra Apr 1978

Goldfish Avoidance Acquisition: Is The Process Classical, Instrumental, Or A Phototaxis?, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra

UMSL Emeritus

Various active-avoidance procedures and controls were run using goldfish in a shuttlebox where the CS, when used, was a sudden onset of illumination. In terms of increasing “avoid- ance” performance over days of training, CS-only, response-contingent US-only, and time- lapse groups showed significant “learning,” whereas explicitly unpaired CS and US pseudo- conditioning controls and US only (where US omission is not response contingent) did not show performance increases. The use of the pseudoconditioning procedure as a learning control for this animal seems questionable. Additionally, both classically and instrumentally trained groups showed high and comparable acquisition rates, confirming earlier findings. A …

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Does Elimination Of A Negative Phototaxis Eliminate Car Acquisition In Goldfish?, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra Apr 1978

Does Elimination Of A Negative Phototaxis Eliminate Car Acquisition In Goldfish?, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra

UMSL Emeritus

Eleven groups run under classical, instrumental, pseudoconditioning, CS-only, US-only, and time-lapse procedures, with the ITI illuminated and a color change CS, showed that true classically trained animals do not increase CAR performance with training, whereas instru- mentally trained goldfish do. This is consistent with a phototaxic interpretation suggested in earlier work. Additionally, the finding that CS-only and time-lapse controls show high “acquisi- tion” rates, whereas pseudoconditioning controls do not, not only questions the use of the pseudoconditioning procedure as the sole learning control in this situation, but also questions a learning interpretation itself. Conclusions of what and how, or even …

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The Long-Run Effects Of A Residential Property Tax And Local Public Services, Daniel L. Rubinfeld, A. Mitchell Polinsky Mar 1978

The Long-Run Effects Of A Residential Property Tax And Local Public Services, Daniel L. Rubinfeld, A. Mitchell Polinsky

Daniel L. Rubinfeld

No abstract provided.

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Hedonic Housing Prices And The Demand For Clean Air, Daniel L. Rubinfeld, David Harrison Jr. Feb 1978

Hedonic Housing Prices And The Demand For Clean Air, Daniel L. Rubinfeld, David Harrison Jr.

Daniel L. Rubinfeld

No abstract provided.

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The Concept Of Political Freedom, Michael Pritchard Dec 1977

The Concept Of Political Freedom, Michael Pritchard

Michael Pritchard

No abstract available.

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Schooling And Inequality In Pre-Revolutionary Ethiopia, Asayehgn Desta Dec 1977

Schooling And Inequality In Pre-Revolutionary Ethiopia, Asayehgn Desta

Asayehgn Desta

"In the past, the naive observer could only be impressed that Ethiopia offed free education through the university level. In many cases, students were even furnished small stipends to subsist (Abir, 1970). However, an examination of the educational profile of prerevolutionary Ethiopia reveals that it was characterized by a low school attendance and sexual inequality. The dropout rate was very high, and unemployment among high school graduates was quite conspicuous. The purpose of this study is to highlight the lack of educational opportunity that existed in prerevolutionary Ethiopia." ~ from the article

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An Economic Approach To Social Choice Ii, Ted C. Bergstrom, Trout Rader Dec 1977

An Economic Approach To Social Choice Ii, Ted C. Bergstrom, Trout Rader

Ted C Bergstrom

No abstract provided.

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The Negotiated Guilty Plea: A Framework For Analysis, Richard Adelstein Dec 1977

The Negotiated Guilty Plea: A Framework For Analysis, Richard Adelstein

Richard Adelstein

An early exposition of the price exaction framework and the place of plea bargaining in it.

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The Plea Bargain In Theory Dec 1977

The Plea Bargain In Theory

Richard Adelstein

A formal dynamic model of plea bargains.

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Review Of "The Behavior Of Law", Dietrich Rueschemeyer Dec 1977

Review Of "The Behavior Of Law", Dietrich Rueschemeyer

Dietrich Rueschemeyer

No abstract provided.

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Ticcih Congress 1975, The International Committee For The Conservation Of The Industrial Heritage Dec 1977

Ticcih Congress 1975, The International Committee For The Conservation Of The Industrial Heritage

The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage

No abstract provided.

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President Gerald Ford Visiting Yale Political Science Department, David R. Mayhew Dec 1977

President Gerald Ford Visiting Yale Political Science Department, David R. Mayhew

David Mayhew

Photo of President Gerald Ford visiting Yale Political Science Department, which David Mayhew then chaired. Photo taken by Douglas Rae.

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East European Integration And European Politics, Larry Caldwell, Steven Miller Dec 1976

East European Integration And European Politics, Larry Caldwell, Steven Miller

Larry Caldwell

No abstract provided.

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Aphrodite Unadorned, Norman Powell Dec 1976

Aphrodite Unadorned, Norman Powell

Norman W. Powell

Friendship is Venus without her wings,

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For The Ufw, A Bad Day At The Polls: But Does It Matter?, Derek Shearer Dec 1976

For The Ufw, A Bad Day At The Polls: But Does It Matter?, Derek Shearer

Derek Shearer

Discusses Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers Union's loss of the Proposition 14 (1976) initiative in California. Considers corporate agriculture's opposition (1975-76) to the measure that would have compelled growers to allow union organizers in their fields.

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The Demands Of Work And The Human Quality Of Marriage: An Exploratory Study Of Professionals In Two Socialist Societies, Marilyn Rueschemeyer Dec 1976

The Demands Of Work And The Human Quality Of Marriage: An Exploratory Study Of Professionals In Two Socialist Societies, Marilyn Rueschemeyer

Marilyn Rueschemeyer

No abstract provided.

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Invertebrates, Norman Powell Dec 1976

Invertebrates, Norman Powell

Norman W. Powell

He who doesn't concur with his sept

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"A Rose Is A Rose Is A Rose": The Definition Debate, Norman Powell Dec 1976

"A Rose Is A Rose Is A Rose": The Definition Debate, Norman Powell

Norman W. Powell

There has been much discussion and debate among child care workers about the definition of "child care workers." Who is a child care worker? What does the child care worker do with children that is unique and different from the teacher, nurse, the social worker, or the psychologist does?

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The Legal Profession In Comparative Perspective, Dietrich Rueschemeyer Dec 1976

The Legal Profession In Comparative Perspective, Dietrich Rueschemeyer

Dietrich Rueschemeyer

No abstract provided.

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An Empirical Method For The Identification Of Covert Categories In Ethnobiology, Terence Hays Oct 1976

An Empirical Method For The Identification Of Covert Categories In Ethnobiology, Terence Hays

Terence Hays

No abstract provided.

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Spatially Located Visual Cs Effects In Conditioned Shuttlebox Avoidance In Goldfish: A Phototactic Explanation, Dominic Zerbolio Oct 1976

Spatially Located Visual Cs Effects In Conditioned Shuttlebox Avoidance In Goldfish: A Phototactic Explanation, Dominic Zerbolio

UMSL Emeritus

Earlier work found that goldfish (Carassius auratus) acquire a conditioned avoidance shuttle response (CASR) differentially as a function of CS location (same, opposite, or both tank ends) when the CS is a sudden onset of illumination, and hypothesized that subjects acquire an aversion to the light. The present study finds no evidence for a conditioned aversion, but shows initial negative phototactic effects in the onset illumination situation which occurs without acquisition. Additionally, when the localized CS is a color change rather than an illumination change, the differential effects between same and both do not occur, and the very low CASR …

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On Taking Emotions Seriously: A Critique Of B.F. Skinner, Michael Pritchard Sep 1976

On Taking Emotions Seriously: A Critique Of B.F. Skinner, Michael Pritchard

Michael Pritchard

No abstract available.

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Collective Choice And The Lindahl Allocation Method, Ted Bergstrom Jun 1976

Collective Choice And The Lindahl Allocation Method, Ted Bergstrom

Ted C Bergstrom

This paper contains a proof of the existence of Lindahl equilibrium in a very general model of externalities, public goods, and non-selfish preferences. The trick in this paper is to treat all goods as pure public goods, with private goods and their competitive prices treated as special cases induced by special structure within the public goods, Lindahl framework.

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Book Review: Yearbook On International Communist Affairs, 1974., Larry Caldwell May 1976

Book Review: Yearbook On International Communist Affairs, 1974., Larry Caldwell

Larry Caldwell

No abstract provided.

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The Salt Of Public Enterprise., Derek Shearer Feb 1976

The Salt Of Public Enterprise., Derek Shearer

Derek Shearer

Examines the basic flaws in the American economy. Need to look beyond economics to political economy; Economists' opinion that inflation could be decreased if productivity were to rise faster than prices; Need to increase competition; Democratic economy's need to increase free choice.

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How To Discard Free Disposability--At No Cost, Ted Bergstrom Dec 1975

How To Discard Free Disposability--At No Cost, Ted Bergstrom

Ted C Bergstrom

This paper shows how to prove the existence of competitive equilibrium without assuming either monotonic preferences or free disposability--and without adding any new assumptions.

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State Business, Derek Shearer Dec 1975

State Business, Derek Shearer

Derek Shearer

Discusses businesses owned and run by state governments, notably insurance and banking, showing how properly structured state businesses can increase state revenue without adding to taxation.

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