Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Holdups, Standard Breach Remedies, And Optimal Investment, Aaron S. Edlin, Stefan J. Reichelstein

Aaron Edlin

In bilateral trading problems, the parties may be hesitant to make relationship-specific investments without adequate contractual protection. We postulate that the parties can sign noncontingent contracts prior to investing, and can freely renegotiate them after information about the desirability of trade is revealed. We find that such contracts can induce one party to invest efficiently when courts impose either a breach remedy of specific performance or expectation damages. Moreover, specific performance can induce both parties to invest efficiently if a separability condition holds. Expectation damages, on the other hand, is poorly suited to solve bilateral investment problems.

Electronic Publishing: A Study Of Functions And Participants, Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King

Carol Tenopir

No abstract provided.

Management Education: Valuing 'Differences' In The Classroom, Gloria Gordon Phd

Gloria Gordon PhD

In this paper a discussion is presented for the inclusion of the valuing of 'differences' between people as the cornerstone of hospitality management education curricula using a three-pronged approach. The models advocated for achieving this aim are 'identity development' (Myers, 1991), Action Learning (Revans, 1969) and Awareness and Competence (Howells, 1982). It is argued that the nature of the hospitality industry and the global environment which it serves demands such educational processes if self-aware, critical and ethical managers are to be developed. Empowerment of students through the development of critical thinking skills will enable them to become aware and reflective …

Bringing Politics Back In: Defense Policy And The Theoretical Study Of Institutions And Processes, Kenneth R. Mayer, Khademian M. Anne

Kenneth R Mayer

Application of public administration theory to defense policy and procruemt. Students of public administration, regulatory processes, public bureaucracy, and policy studies rarely focus on defense as their substantive area. leaving the field to those trained in defense studies and international relations. THe result is negligible attention to the domestic political aspects of defense policy and minimal understanding of the administrative aspects of defense policy. We argue that a realistic examination of procurement in a political context of multiple and competing principals illustrates the difficulty of demanding accountability when goals are diverse and heavily debated, measured with difficulty, and where outcomes …

La Descentralización: Un Proceso De Confianza Nacional, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Desde los tempranos días del municipio ecuatoriano surge un movimiento continuo -paradójica y contradictoriamente- de centralización, que aún no ha culminado, y de ampliación de su base social de sustentación. La evolución de este movimiento es una historia conflictiva que se expresa simultáneamente en su encrucijada y potencialidad: autonomía sin independencia; participación sin democratización. O, lo que es lo mismo, un poder real pero limitado, que ha ido perdiendo dominio y ganando base social.

Violencia Urbana, Nuevos Escenarios, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

La crisis económica generaliza la inseguridad social y económica, contribuye a reducir los mecanismos de representación, a limitar los espacios de solución de los conflictos, a mercantilizar las relaciones sociales y a restringir las manifestaciones culturales de los ciudadanos. De allí que la restricción del origen y fuente de la ciudadanía lleve al incremento de la violencia urbana e inseguridad ciudadana, y a la reducción de la calidad de la población.

Gobiernos Locales Y Descentralización En Ecuador, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El 10 de Agosto de 1992 ocurre un hecho inédito en la historia nacional del Ecuador: Sixto Durán Ballén, ex-Alcalde de Quito, asume la Presidencia de la República; León Febres Cordero, ex-Presidente Constitucional, se convierte en Alcalde de Guayaquil y Jamil Mahuad, ex-candidato presidencial, llega a la Alcaldía de Quito. Lo que llama aún más la atención fue el hecho de que en estas tres elecciones hubo una polarización de fuerzas políticas y que cada una de las autoridades provino de tres partidos políticos distintos.

El reciente calendario electoral de América Latina también presenta este hecho político novedoso: algunos candidatos …

The Genetic-Causal Tradition And Modern Economic Theory, Mario Rizzo

Mario Rizzo

This paper is an analysis of a specific tradition of causal thinking in economics: the genetic-causal tradition. This was most self-consciously developed in the work of the Austrian School, but spilled over into other approaches. Genetic-causal explanations place emphasis, inter alia, on processes in time, emanating from changes in agents' desires and beliefs. The authors present a brief history of this approach, outline its major characteristics, differentiate genetic-causal explanation from other kinds of explanation, and illustrate the approach in mid and late-twentieth century economic theory

An Engine Of Oppression, Maurya Vijay Chandra

Maurya Vijay Chandra

Arbitrary use of provisions of Cr. P C

Substantive Due Process In The Twilight Zone: Protecting Property Interests From Arbitrary Land Use Decisions, Stewart M. Wiener

Stewart M. Wiener

Substantive due process protection of the property rights of landowners against arbitrary government decisionmaking is integral to the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Federal courts have taken divergent paths in addressing the nature of the property interest required to state a substantive due process claim, and the standard by which arbitrary and capricious government conduct is evaluated. Under substantive due process, an allegation of arbitrary government conduct should be evaluated under a meaningful standard, rather than the unthinking deference of the rational basis test. Strong protection of property interests protects the civil rights of individuals, rather than protecting …

Saudades Do Sertão, Pedro Paulo Gomes Pereira

Pedro Paulo Gomes Pereira

No abstract provided.

Canadian Prime Ministers In The House Of Commons: Patterns Of Intervention, James E. Crimmins, Paul Nesbitt-Larking

James E Crimmins

No abstract provided.

Contending Interpretations Of Bentham’S Utilitarianism, James E. Crimmins

James E Crimmins

This article illustrates the contours of the continuing debate over Bentham's utilitarianism through an analysis of the secondary literature. It assesses the persuasiveness of the principal contemporary "authoritarian" (despotic, totalitarian, collectivist, behaviouralist, constructivist, panopticist and paternalist) and "individualist" (facilitative and liberal) interpretations of Bentham's thought, indicating where they are consistent with his writings and where they are not. Distinctions and conflicts between contending perspectives are found to be rooted in a reliance on different elements of Bentham's vast corpus and emphasis on different components of his utilitarian theory. An examination of the contending perspectives underscores the tensions in Bentham's thought, …

Coping With Intractable Controversies: The Case For Problem Structuring In Policy Design And Analysis, Robert Hoppe, Matthijs Hisschemöller

Robert Hoppe

No abstract provided.

Ambiguity-Generating Devices In Linguistic Verbal Jokes, Robert Lew

Robert Lew

The paper argues that ambiguity is a desirable and purposeful element of linguistic verbal jokes and explains and illustrates the mechanisms which support ambiguity.

Revising The Resource Mobilization Theory: A Reexamination Of The Civil Rights Movement, Weider Shu

Weider Shu

To proponents of the resource mobilization theory in the sociological field of social movements, there exist three basic assumptions relevant to social movements --- rationality based on the utilitarian logic, the significance of resources, and the critical role played by external sponsors. After examining the empirical evidence relating to the civil rights movement provided by Piven and Cloward, I re-evaluate the validity of these assumptions and suggest some modification of the resource mobilization theory: (1) adoption of both rationality and normative orientation as the basic assumption of movement participation; (2) introduction of the concept of precondition, including political opportunity structure …

El Difícil Proceso De Consolidación De Las Arenas Políticas Nacionales En El Salvador Y Nicaragua. El Impacto De La Guerra Y La Crisis., Salvador Marti I Puig

Salvador Marti i Puig

Este artículo se centra en la evolución política de El Salvador y Nicaragua. En la primera parte se realiza un breve resumen de la historia política de ambos países hasta el estallido de la crisis revolucionaria a finales de los los setenta. En la segunda parte se abordan las consecuencias políticas de la guerra y se discute cómo ésta (la guerra) consiguió moldear las arenas políticas que emergieron en estos países al finalizar el conflicto.

How Charitable Organizations Influence Federal Tax Policy: "Rent-Seeking" Charities Or Virtuous Politicians?, Nancy J. Knauer

Nancy J. Knauer

Tax-exempt charitable organizations exert considerable influence over Congress, the Department of the Treasury, and the Internal Revenue Service in matters dealing with exemption from federal income tax and the tax deductibility of charitable contributions. This Article uses both public choice and public interest analysis to help identify various features of the charitable community and explain how exempt organizations weild political influence despite the restrictions placed on their activities under the tax code. Arguing that the influence of charitable organizations over tax policy can be explained from either a public choice or public interest vantage point, the Article concluds that the …

Feminism For Men: Legal Ideology And The Construction Of Maleness, Nancy Levit

Nancy Levit

It may seem a little odd to suggest that feminist theory has overlooked men. Yet, in several important respects, apart from the role of culprit, men have been largely omitted from feminism. Feminist legal theorists have paid mild attention to the "Can men be feminists?" question but this issue is usually relegated to footnotes. The negative effect gender role stereotypes have on men is typically subsidiary to the main focus of feminist legal literature, which has concentrated on documenting the patterns of subordination of women and on questions of feminist ideology.

The primary purpose of this article is to suggest …

The Strategic Provinces, Michael E. Smith

Michael E Smith

No abstract provided.

Das Problem Der Zukunft Im Rahmen Holistischer Ethiken. Im Ausgang Von Platon Und Peirce, Michael H.G. Hoffmann

Michael H.G. Hoffmann

No abstract provided.

Product Differentiation, Uncertainty And The Stability Of Collusion, Michael Raith

Michael Raith

The conventional view that product heterogeneity limits the scope for collusion among oligopolists has been challenged in recent theoretical work. This paper provides an argument in support of the conventional view by emphasising the role of uncertainty. I introduce the idea that, with stochastic demand, an increase in the heterogeneity of products leads to a decrease in the correlation of the firms’ demand shocks. With imperfect monitoring, this makes collusion more difficult to sustain, as discriminating between random demand shocks and marginal deviations from the cartel strategy becomes more difficult. These effects are illustrated within a Hotelling-type duopoly model.

Spatial Retail Markets With Commuting Consumers, Michael Raith

Michael Raith

In this paper we analyse a model of spatial competition with commuting consumers due to Claycombe (1991, International Journal of Industrial Organization 9, 303-313). We show that results different from Claycombe's are obtained if a rigorous game-theoretic analysis is applied to the model. Our results provide a theoretical basis for a later study carried out by Claycombe and Mahan (1993, International Journal of Industrial Organization 11,283-291) and lead to predictions which are in line with the empirical results of that later study. For small commuting distances (relative to the distance between firms), there exists a symmetric equilibrium in which the …

A General Model Of Information Sharing In Oligopoly, Michael Raith

Michael Raith

Under which conditions do oligopolists have an incentive to share private information about a stochastic demand or stochastic costs? We present a general model which encompasses virtually all models of the existing literature on information sharing as special cases. Within this unifying framework we show that in contrast to the apparent inconclusiveness of previous results some simple principles determining the incentives to share information can be obtained. Existing results are generalized, some previous interpretations are questioned, and new explanations offered, leading to a single general theory for a large class of models. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers C72, C73, …

Race, Suburban Resentment And The Representation Of The Inner City In Contemporary Film And Television, C. Mccarthy, A. Rodriguez, S. Meacham, S. David, C. Wilson-Brown, Heriberto Godina Phd, K. E. Supriya, E. Buendia

Heriberto Godina PhD

No abstract provided.

Deficit Reduction Through Diversity: How Affirmative Action At The Fcc Increased Auction Competition, Peter Cramton, Ian Ayres

Peter Cramton

In recent auctions for paging licenses, the Federal Communications Commission has granted businesses owned by minorities and women substantial bidding credits. In this article, Professors Ayres and Cramton analyze a particular auction and argue that the affirmative action bidding preferences, by increasing competition among auction participants, increased the government’s revenue by $45 million. Subsidizing the participation of new bidders can induce established bidders to bid more aggressively. The authors conclude that this revenue-enhancing effect does not provide a sufficient constitutional justification for affirmative action—but when such justification is independently present, affirmative actions can cost the government much less than is …

In Hindsight--Through A Glass Darkly, Dietrich Rueschemeyer

Dietrich Rueschemeyer

No abstract provided.

Realidad Urbana Del Ecuador Y Crisis De Las Ciudades, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

En esta exposición, presentaré algunas ideas respecto de cómo percibo el tema urbano en el Ecuador y cuáles son las posibilidades para estructurarse un proyecto colectivo de ciudad en nuestro país.

Para eso debemos plantear tres puntos:

1. La situación urbana del país 2. La crisis urbana 3. Perspectivas para la construcción de un gobierno de la ciudad

Cuadernos "Cátedra Abierta" De Gerencia Social, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El presente documento busca rastrear algunas hipótesis que permitan entender la relación entre gobiernos locales y descentralización, teniendo como telón de fondo al caso ecuatoriano, pero inscrito en la región latinoamericana.

Para ello se cuenta con dos secciones interrelacionadas: una primera, donde se analizan las características de los poderes locales en el Ecuador y se presenta una interpretación respecto de los principales modelos de gobierno local. Y una segunda, en la que se hace una descripción de las características del proceso de descentralización en América Latina y el Ecuador.

La Violencia Urbana, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El predominio de la población urbana (58%), el incremento del número de ciudades (196 municipios) y la generalización de la urbanización en el territorio nacional, llevan a concluir que el Ecuador se ha convertido en un país de ciudades. Esta realidad trae nuevos problemas, entre los cuales se debe mencionar el incremento significativo de la violencia delictiva urbana.

La crisis económica y las políticas implantadas, generalizan la inseguridad social y económica, y contribuyen a reducir los mecanismos de representación, a limitar los espacios de solución de los conflictos, a mercantilizar las relaciones sociales, y a restringir las manifestaciones culturales, propias …