Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Team Science: Development Of An Immersive Curriculum For Information Professionals To Play An Expanding Role In Scientific Collaboration., Suzie Allard, D. Pollack

DataONE Sociocultural and Usability & Assessment Working Groups

No abstract provided.

Institutional Leadership That Disrupts: A Case Of The National Football League, Calvin Nite, Briton Hagan

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This research draws upon the concepts of institutional leadership to understand how institutional leaders may work to destabilize the contexts they are trying to maintain. We examined the discourse surrounding the recent controversies with the National Football League (NFL). Our findings suggest that the actions of NFL executives, including problematic decision-making and inconsistent practices, likely led to dissension among executives and an alienated workforce. We theorize that this could be destabilizing and lead to institutional disruption. The implications of this for theory and practice are discussed. Keywords: Institutional leadership, NFL, institutional disruption Subscribe to JASM

An Analysis Of Running Event Consumer Behaviors, Thomas Aicher, Jason Simmons, Alicia Cintron

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this study was to examine the motives, constraints, and event selection factors affecting consumers’ decisions to participate in running events, specifically for a running festival in the Midwest United States. In partnership with a large running festival in the Midwest United States, data were collected via an online questionnaire. In total, 1,650 individuals completed a portion of the survey with 1,235 completing the additional questions for this investigation yielding a 74% completion rate. Based on the results of this study, runners’ autonomous motivation was significantly greater among those who participated in more events or longer distances during …

The Loud Crowd: Using Vocal Responses To Understand The Emotional Experiences Of Spectators, Matthew Katz, Bob Heere, Katherine Reifurth

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Much research has been conducted on the relationship between emotions and the sport experience, but most research in this field has used survey data, which has proven to have many limiting factors when attempting to measure emotions. Rather than relying on surveys, the present study uses a more direct measure of consumer emotion: sound. By measuring the variations in sound levels among sport attendees, the present study provides an exploratory study of sport fan emotions through behavioral indicators of emotional experiences rather than cognitive recall. Our results indicate that the strongest vocal responses were consistently in response to surprising plays, …

An Explorative Investigation Of Referee Abuse In English Rugby League, Tom Webb, Mike Rayner, Richard Thelwell

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This article explored the experiences of 89 rugby league referees in England who undertook a mixed methods online survey from the January 9 to March 31, 2017. The results of the survey produced rich data from the open responses, and the quantitative measures are used to support these open responses. Findings identified an established culture of abuse towards referees, a refereeing workforce requiring greater support, better communication with the governing body and, therefore, revisions to existing policy and training. Conclusions identified specific recommendations and policy implications to improve the operational environment and working conditions and increased support for referees. Subscribe …

Rivalry Versus Hate: Measuring The Influence Of Promotional Titles And Logos On Fan Rival Perceptions, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Frederick G. Grieve

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study used an experimental design to examine how exposure to promotional titles and logos can influence fan rival perceptions. Students attending two schools that moved athletic conferences, and therefore, began rivalries with teams in their new conference, were exposed to either a neutral or negative fabricated title and logo meant to promote the new rivalry. They then reported their perceptions of the rival team. Results showed that students exposed to the neutral title were less likely to support their rival against another team than students exposed to the negative title. Further, students exposed to the negative title believed …

Students Transitioning To College And Out Of Competitive Sport: Athletic Identity, Coping, And Stress, Alex Michael Russell, Michael Cottingham, Adam Barry, Don Lee, David Walsh

Journal of Applied Sport Management

High-school athletes who transition into higher education as non-athlete students encounter several social and emotional difficulties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of aforementioned participants’ athletic identities on their utilization of coping strategies and resulting perceptions of stress. A structural model was developed and empirically tested using a 48-item questionnaire. The sample population consisted of undergraduate students enrolled in freshman-level courses at three public southwestern universities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated a strong model fit, including a significant correlation between various factors of athletic identity and coping, as well as a significant correlation between coping and …

Ignition Tradition? A Case Study Of The Florida State University Athletics Department’S 2014 Logo Redesign, David P. Hedlund, Brian S. Gordon, Masayuki Yoshida, Joseph St. Germain, Marlon Mcphatter

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Brand marks are important representations of organizations. Over time, due to a variety of reasons, brand marks may cease to be effective representations and require redesign. In recent years, a number of sport organizations have undertaken efforts to design new or update existing brand marks. In this research, a detailed examination of the opinions and intentions of fans, stakeholders, and the public regarding the Florida State University (FSU) Athletic Department’s redesign of FSU’s primary logo is described, assessed, and discussed. Subscribe to JASM

Esports Venues: A New Sport Business Opportunity, Seth E. Jenny, Margaret C. Keiper, Blake J. Taylor, Dylan P. Williams, Joey Gawrysiak, R. Douglas Manning, Patrick M. Tutka

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Typically played via the Internet, eSports (organized competitive video gaming) is becoming a global phenomenon. The popularity of video games and the desire to spectate online and in-person gaming has amplified as Internet-based gaming has improved. eSports competitions are hosted all around the world, but particularly in the United States, Europe, and Asia. While eSports-specific venues are increasingly being built, many venues that host eSports competitions were constructed primarily for other professional sports or entertainment. These entertainment facilities must attract popular financially beneficial events in order to survive. eSports events have great potential to fit this mold. This paper briefly …

Lifelong Female Engagement In Sport: A Framework For Advancing Girls’ And Women’S Participation, Norm O'Reilly, Michelle Brunette, Cheri Bradish

Journal of Applied Sport Management

In a collaborative and nationwide project, the authors examined the status and challenges of girls’ and women’s participation in sport in Canada through a comprehensive literature review, extensive secondary research, a representative survey with Canadian females, and a survey and consultations with leading female sport experts. This multi-level analysis led to the development of a framework for advancing girls’ and women’s participation in sport to guide stakeholders’ actions at the system, organization, and individual levels to improve the state of girls’ and women’s lifelong engagement in sport. Subscribe to JASM

The “Psychological” Contract Of Employment: A Qualitative Analysis Of Psychological Contract Violation Within English Professional Rugby Union, Mike Rayner

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Recent research illustrates that violated psychological contracts within the sports industry can have negative consequences on organisational relationships and productivity (Barnhill & Turner, 2014; De Ruiter, Schalk, Schaveling, & van Gelder, 2016; Matthijs Bal, Chiaburu, & Jansen, 2010; Nichols, 2013). While these studies contextualise the significance of the psychological contract to organisational behaviour and volunteer practices, little is known with regard to the impact of psychological contract violation within the professional sports industry. Therefore, this study explored qualitatively how psychological contract violation affects attitudes, behavior, and organisational performance of professional rugby union players’ within England. The results illustrate that psychological …

Fine-Tuning Brand Endorsements: Exploring Race-Sport Fit With Athlete Endorsers, Youngmin Yoon, Jun Woo Kim, Mar Magnusen, Michael Sagas

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The present study examines the effect of an athlete endorser’s race-sport fit in the decision-making process of athlete endorsed product selection. The results of this study reveal that the race of athlete endorsers can influence endorsement strategies depending on the sport associated with the athlete endorser. Perceived race-sport fit was also a key factor in creating both positive sport consumer attitudes and increased purchase intentions toward an athlete endorsed product. The findings of this study should be beneficial to athletes and sport business professionals when considering endorsement strategies for sport-related products and brands. Subscribe to JASM

Why Teams Rebrand: Uncovering The Motives And Process Of Team Rebranding Initiatives, Patrick Walsh, Galen Clavio, Stephen D, Ross, Matthew Blaszka

Journal of Applied Sport Management

While rebranding is very common in professional sport, little research has been devoted to this topic. In particular, no studies have examined the reasons why teams decide to make changes to their names, logos, and/or colors, and the process they go through while doing so. Through content analysis of public statements from teams and interviews with team executives, this study found five common reasons for rebranding, as well as recommendations from team executives for how to handle this process. Based on the results, practical implications are provided for teams who may be deciding to engage in some aspect of rebranding. …

Assessing Spectator Response To Sport Sponsorships At Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Kelly Patricia Elliott, Beth A. Cianfrone, Timothy Kellison

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have a strong tradition and football following, yet they struggle financially and lack sponsorship revenue. HBCU fans are understudied, and investigating their behavior would help athletic departments. The purpose of this study was to determine HBCU football consumers’ response to sponsorships. Spectators’ team and university identification, awareness, attitude, loyalty, goodwill, gratitude, and trust of sponsors were examined in relation to purchase intentions and positive word of mouth (WOM) of sponsors. Brand loyalty and gratitude led to increased purchase intentions. Brand attitude, brand awareness, brand loyalty, and goodwill led to positive WOM. Subscribe to JASM

An Exploration Of Tourists’ Perceptions Of A Rural Mountain Bike Event, Brianna L. Newland, Martin Robertson

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The natural attributes of rural locations are well suited to sport event tourism and can play a significant role in strategic tourism development in new markets. The purpose of the study was to explore consumer perceptions of sport event tourism in rural locations, which is important for event managers and for those involved in rural tourism development. Data collected over two days at a mountain bike event in the rural highlands of Scotland explored the visitor awareness and perception of events in a rural location. Results indicates that attendee background does influence the perception of the impact a sport event …

Exploring The Visegrád-Russia Connection: Understanding The Political And Economic Ramifications Of Sanction Policies Four Years Later (Preface), Eric S. Peters

Select or Award-Winning Individual Scholarship

In 2014 the European Union, in concert with a number of other nations, enacted multiple rounds of sanctions against the Russian Federation. These sanctions were implemented due to the perceived role of the Russian Federation in the Ukrainian Euro Maiden Revolution of February 2014, and the subsequent annexation of the Crimean region. The following work investigates the resulting impacts of these sanctions on V4 (Czech, Hungarian, Polish, & Slovak) economies before ultimately concluding sanctions did not result in long term economic harm to the respective nations. The work is divided into 6 essays (Econometric Analyses, Energy, Financial …

Factors Impacting Ticket Price Paid By Consumers On The Secondary Market For A Major Sporting Event, Nels Popp, Stephen Shapiro, Patrick Walsh, Chad Mcevoy, Jason Simmons, Stephen Howell

Journal of Applied Sport Management

In an era of dynamically priced tickets, sport marketers benefit from a greater understanding of factors impacting the price consumers are willing to pay. Past research has investigated external factors affecting ticket price on the secondary market, but little work has investigated internal factors and no prior research has utilized actual price paid as a dependent variable. The current study found age, income, prior attendance, timing of purchase, and seat location influenced secondary ticket price paid, explaining 44.9% of the variance, while fan identification and alumni status did not impact the amount patrons paid for tickets to a major college …

The Fat Leading The Thin: Relative Body Size, Physical Activity Identification, And Behavioral Problems, Andrew C. Pickett, George B. Cunningham

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Though sport and physical activity participation are key elements of a healthy lifestyle, anti-fat biases serve as barriers to active living, leaving a large population segment underserved. This stigma also creates thin body standards for people working in sport and physical activity, including instructors. In this study, the authors conducted an experiment to explore how instructor and participant body size interact to influence activity identification and subsequent intentions to be physically active. Results indicate that larger-bodied participants were more identified when working with a larger instructor. For thinner participants, there were no significant differences in identification related to instructor body …

Attitudes And Norms Affecting Scientists’ Data Reuse, Renata Gonçalves Curty, Kevin Crowston, Alison Specht, Bruce W. Grant, Elizabeth D. Dalton

DataONE Sociocultural and Usability & Assessment Working Groups

The value of sharing scientific research data is widely appreciated, but factors that hinder or prompt the reuse of data remain poorly understood. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action, we test the relationship between the beliefs and attitudes of scientists towards data reuse, and their self-reported data reuse behaviour. To do so, we used existing responses to selected questions from a worldwide survey of scientists developed and administered by the DataONE Usability and Assessment Working Group (thus practicing data reuse ourselves). Results show that the perceived efficacy and efficiency of data reuse are strong predictors of reuse behaviour, and that …

The Future Of Nuclear Security: A Medical Physicist’S Perspective, Katharine E. Thomson

International Journal of Nuclear Security

Planning for the future of nuclear security is a vital and complex task, requiring cooperation and contribution from many disciplines and industries. This diversity of expertise should include the medical sector, which faces many of the same challenges as the nuclear industry: controlling access to dangerous material, creating a strong security culture, cooperating with the wider world and engaging the public.

Medical physicists, of which the author is one, oversee all aspects of small-scale radiation use. This paper discusses three key areas increasingly important to both medical and nuclear uses of radioactive materials: public engagement, prevention of nuclear and radiological …

Assessing And Enhancing Nuclear Safety And Security Culture For Small Facilities That Handle Radioactive Material, Solymosi Máté

International Journal of Nuclear Security

The use of radioactive sources is expanding all over the world and abreast the necessity of the enhancement of its safe and secure application is increasing too. In the nuclear industry, the safety and security are top priorities since decades. They share the same goal, to protect humans from the negative affect of the ionizing radiation. The human component of them is a significant factor and technical solutions can protect us so far and thus the culture for safety and security become a major focus. On the other hand, there are still some contradiction between recommendations and international guidance of …

The Future Of Nuclear Security In Moroccan Territory After The Creation Of The New Moroccan Agency Of Nuclear And Radiological Safety And Security: Opportunities And Challenges, Amal Touarsi, Amina Kharchaf

International Journal of Nuclear Security

Nowadays, a security regime for protecting nuclear and radiological material—providing an intelligent national regulatory institution and establishing national security laws—is necessary in order for a state to ensure security of nuclear and radiological materials used within its borders.

This paper focuses on discussing the opportunities and challenges facing the future of nuclear security after the creation of the new Moroccan Agency of Nuclear and Radiological Safety and Security.

Validating Geospatial Analysis With Community Risk Perception Survey In Big Island, Hawaii, Darcy Ann Ayers

EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement

Military vehicle-generated particulate matter released into the atmosphere are possible concerns for human health. The author’s prior geospatial research has been to identify, using GIS analysis, the local populations surrounding a military installation in Hawaii that are most at-risk from the vehicle-generated particulate matter. A continuation of the past research, this project aims to assess the perceived impact of the identified dust pollution among local residents by conducting a survey through both qualitative and quantitative methods. The survey of health and public perception is then used to validate the model developed in the previous GIS analysis. This research is a …

Neuroanatomical Differences Between Boys And Girls With Adhd: A Critical Review And Implications For Treatment, Shelby Clouthier, Jessica Anderson

EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; 5th ed., American Psychiatric Association, 2013). About 5% of school age children are diagnosed with this disorder and about 65% will have symptoms that persist beyond adolescence (Friedman and Rapport, 2015). Although girls with ADHD exhibit different symptoms relative to boys with ADHD, there is a lack of research on sex-differences in ADHD-related neuroanatomical structures. There is evidence, however, that girls with ADHD have a 10% decrease in total cerebral gray matter volume compared to …

Christianity And Sport Psychology: One Aspect Of Cultural Competence, Trevor J. Egli, Leslee A. Fisher

Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies

There is currently a dearth of literature relating to how applied sport psychology practitioners might work with a Christian sportsperson (Czech et al., 2004, Egli et al., 2014). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide practical suggestions for sport psychology practitioners based on relevant research related to Christianity and sport psychology as well as personal and professional experience. We first explain the various sport psychology roles before providing a brief review of literature. Studies related to Christian athletes, Christian coaches, Christian prayer within sport, and sport psychology consultants’ experiences of spirituality are presented. Lastly, the authors include four …

Religiousness And Perceived God Perfectionism Among Elite Athletes, Benjamin J. Houltberg, Kenneth T. Wang, Sarah A. Schnitker

Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies

Little research has been conducted examining the link between athletes’ religious beliefs and practices and coping with the pressures related to elite competition. The purpose of the study was to investigate athletes’ global self-worth and perfectionistic concerns as key variables that link religiousness and perceived God perfectionism to dealing with performance failure and appraisals of upcoming competition. Self-report data was collected from a sample of 99 elite athletes (Mdn age = 22, 48% female, 89% believed in God) that were currently competing at a NCAA D1, professional or Olympic level. We used structural equation modeling to test direct and indirect …

Exploring The Role Of Spirituality And Spiritual Beliefs In The Pursuit Of Excellence And Attainment Of Peak Performance In Professional Athletes, Ashley Ballard, Charles H. Wilson Jr.

Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies

Little research has been found which examines the assessment of spirituality in sport performers and its possible role in performance enhancement. The goal of the current study was to understand if and how spirituality impacts athleticism. The subjective experiences of Christian spirituality in an American World Sprinter (male), a British Olympic Sprint Canoe Racer (female), and a retired American Minor League Baseball player (male) were analyzed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) (Smith & Osborn, 2003). Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data leading to three major themes: “The Belief and Confidence in God”, “Individual and Communal Prayer”, and “The Influential …

A Psychotheology Of Losing, Matthew D. Ruiz

Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies

This paper explores what it means to lose in a contemporary American society. Kanter (2004) suggested that losing serves as an alarm, notifying one that it is time to recalibrate. For Duina (2011) losing offers a time for reexamination. Sports equates to winning and losing. Thanks to well-indoctrinated maxims like Lombardi’s “winning is the only thing” and a cultural rejection of “losers” we are in an era where the pursuit of winning trumps other variables which are also worthy of pursuit and consideration. Thus, losing becomes an insult to our ego-driven lives. As such, one cannot discuss losing without also …

Investigating The Chickadee Ethos., David L. Book

Doctoral Dissertations

Morality, as used within this dissertation, is conceptualized as having two distinct components – a shared, norm-based, cultural component and a subjective, character-based, emotion-based component. Using this dual-aspect model of morality, we examine the roots of morality using a comparative, 5th-Aim Ethological framework. This ethological framework was applied to study possible emotional states of the Carolina chickadees. Three experiments are presented which attempt to identify the most likely proximate emotion for the general call of the foraging chickadees. These studies examined food presence, food type and volume, and vocal cues of predator presence. Our data suggest that a homeostatic-related emotion …

Essays In Behavioral Economics, Jing Li

Doctoral Dissertations

In chapter one, I propose a model consolidating the norm- and preferences-based approaches to explain laboratory bargaining outcomes. Social norms are identified by the axioms of cooperative bargaining theory, and other-regarding preferences are captured using Fehr and Schmidt's inequity aversion utility function. The model applies to bargaining situations where other-regarding agents abide by social norms in their decision-making. Preferences and norms interact to determine bargaining outcomes, and their interaction undermines the recoverability of the other-regarding preference parameters based on observations from the lab.

In chapter two, I employ a lab experiment to study whether men receive lucrative tasks more often …