Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Geant4-Dna Example Applications For Track Structure Simulations In Liquid Water: A Report From The Geant4-Dna Project, Sebastien Incerti, Ioanna Kyriakou, M A. Bernal, M Bordage, Z Francis, Susanna Guatelli, Vladimir N. Ivanchenko, M Karamitros, N Lampe, Sang Bae Lee, Sylvain Meylan, C Min, W Shin, P Nieminen, Dosatsu Sakata, N Tang, Carmen Villagrasa, H Tran, J M. Brown

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This Special Report presents a description of Geant4-DNA user applications dedicated to the simulation of track structures (TS) in liquid water and associated physical quantities (e.g., range, stopping power, mean free path.). These example applications are included in the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit and are available in open access. Each application is described and comparisons to recent international recommendations are shown (e.g., ICRU, MIRD), when available. The influence of physics models available in Geant4-DNA for the simulation of electron interactions in liquid water is discussed. Thanks to these applications, the authors show that the most recent sets of physics models …

Hot Corrosion Of Borate Melt And Interface Chemistry Of Borate-Coated Steel Under Tribological Stimulation, Hoang Bach Tran, Anh Kiet Tieu, Shanhong Wan, Hongtao Zhu, R Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Hot corrosion mechanism of Sodium Borate was investigated on mild-carbon steel at 800 °C by multiple surface characterizations. In addition, effects of tribological exposure on the interface chemistry were also examined in details by mean of ball-on-disk testing. The occurrence of interfacial reaction is characterized by the formation of a Sodium-rich film on the borate melt/oxide phase boundary. The basic dissolution reaction is accompanied by fluxing action of the protective scale in the case of static oxidation. External stressed shearing profoundly modifies the interface chemistry by establishing a hierarchical boundary film with remarkably low Oxygen density which renders improved oxidation …

New Technology To Produce 1 Gpa Low Carbon Microalloyed Steels From Cast Strip, Andrii Kostryzhev, Olexandra Marenych

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Global economy requires steel with further increasing mechanical properties and simultaneously decreasing price. In mass manufacturing three major methods can be used to increase strength: (i) increase microalloying element additions (increases cost), (ii) decrease deformation temperature and (iii) increase cooling rate after high temperature processing (both can be challenging for equipment). Thin strip casting is an effective way to reduce cost as it brings a reduction in number of deformation passes and shortens the production line. However, the mechanical properties can be missed due to insufficient microstructure development. In this article, we investigate a recently proposed technology based on Austenite …

Plant Breeding Selection Tools Built On Factor Analytic Mixed Models For Multi-Environment Trial Data, Alison B. Smith, Brian R. Cullis

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

An advanced and widely used method of analysis for multi-environment trial data involves a linear mixed model with factor analytic (FA) variance structures for the variety by environment effects. This model can accommodate unbalanced data, that is, not all varieties in all environments, it allows the use of pedigree information and appropriate accommodation of individual trial experimental designs, and most importantly the FA structure for the variety by environment effects is parsimonious and regularly results in a good fit to the data. The model provides accurate predictions of the variety effects for every environment in the data-set but this constitutes …

Ethical Evaluation Of A Value Sensitive Persuasive System: Case Milky Way, Liisa Kuonanoja, Shahla Meedya, Khin Than Win, Harri Oinas-Kukkonen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Although persuasive technology is about influencing individuals without coercion, deception, or manipulation, ethical issues still must be considered in designing persuasive systems. In this paper, we utilized value sensitive analysis in evaluating a mobile application to examine how value sensitive analysis can benefit persuasive system design. The evaluated Milky Way application is meant for women with the intention to breastfeed. It supports the users in continuing to breastfeed for a longer period of time, being faithful to the recommendations by World Health Organization. Our results show, that value sensitive analysis brings new and valuable information to the design process of …

Developing Coal Burst Propensity Index Method For Australian Coal Mines, Xiaohan Yang, Ting X. Ren, Lihai Tan, Alex M. Remennikov, Xueqiu He

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Coal burst is the violent failure of overstressed coal, and it is often accompanied by sound, coal ejection and seismic events. It is subsequently recognized as a serious safety risk of Australia after double fatalities coal burst happened at Austar Coal Mine. Considering the increasing trend of coal burst severity and frequency with mining depth, it is an urgent task to develop the coal burst risk assessment methods for Australia underground coal mines. Coal burst propensity index method is a widely used method of burst risk evaluation of coal as it is summed up from the coal burst research and …

Latest Geant4 Developments For Pixe Applications, Samer Bakr, David D. Cohen, Rainer Siegele, Sebastien Incerti, Vladimir N. Ivanchenko, A Mantero, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Susanna Guatelli

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

We describe the recent inclusion in Geant4 of state-of-the-art proton and alpha particle shell ionisation cross sections based on the ECPSSR approach as calculated by Cohen et al., called here ANSTO ECPSSR. The new ionisation cross sections have been integrated into Geant4. We present a comparison of the fluorescence X-ray spectra generated by the ANSTO ECPSSR set of cross sections and, alternatively, the currently available sets of Geant4 PIXE cross sections. The comparisons are performed for a large set of sample materials spanning a broad range of atomic numbers. The two alternative PIXE cross sections approaches (Geant4 and ANSTO) have …

Mechanical Response And Pore Pressure Generation In Granular Filters Subjected To Uniaxial Cyclic Loading, Jahanzaib Israr, Buddhima Indraratna

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper presents results from a series of piping tests carried out on a selected range of granular filters under static and cyclic loading conditions. The mechanical response of filters subjected to cyclic loading could be characterized in three distinct phases; namely, (I) pre-shakedown, (II) post-shakedown, and (III) post-critical (i.e., the occurrence of internal erosion). All the permanent geomechanical changes such, as erosion, permeability variations, and axial strain developments, took place during phases I and III, while the specimen response remained purely elastic during phase II. The post-critical occurrence of erosion incurred significant settlement that may not be tolerable for …

Ensemble Machine Learning Systems For The Estimation Of Steel Quality Control, Fucun Li, Jianqing Wu, Fang Dong, Jiayin Lin, Geng Sun, Huaming Chen, Jun Shen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Recent advances in the steel industry have encountered challenges in soliciting decision making solutions for quality control of products based on data mining techniques. In this paper, we present a steel quality control prediction system encompassing with real-world data as well as comprehensive data analysis results. The core process is cautiously designed as a regression problem, which is then best handled by grouping various learning algorithms with their massive resource of historical production datasets. The characteristics of the currently most popular learning models used in regression problem analysis are as well investigated and compared. The performance indicates our steel quality …

A Two-Stage Classifier Approach For Network Intrusion Detection, Wei Zong, Yang-Wai Chow, Willy Susilo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential to combat security threats in network environments. These systems monitor and detect malicious behavior to provide automated methods of identifying and dealing with attacks or security breaches in a network. Machine learning is a promising approach in the development of effective NIDS. One of the problems faced in the development of such systems is that the datasets used in the construction of classifiers are typically imbalanced. This is because the classification categories do not have relatively equal representation in the datasets. This study investigates a two-stage classifier approach to NIDS based on imbalanced …

Strong Identity-Based Proxy Signature Schemes, Revisited, Weiwei Liu, Yi Mu, Guomin Yang, Yangguang Tian

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Proxy signature is a useful cryptographic primitive that has been widely used in many applications. It has attracted a lot of attention since it was introduced. There have been lots of works in constructing efficient and secure proxy signature schemes. In this paper, we identify a new attack that has been neglected by many existing proven secure proxy signature schemes. We demonstrate this attack by launching it against an identity-based proxy signature scheme which is proven secure. We then propose one method that can effectively prevent this attack. The weakness in some other proxy signature schemes can also be fixed …

Sharpness Results Concerning Finite Differences In Fourier Analysis On The Circle Group, Rodney Nillsen, Susumu Okada

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Let G denote the group or , let denote the identity element of G, and let s be given. Then, a \emph{difference of order} s is a function fL2(G) for which there are aG and gL2(G) such that f=(−a)sg. Let s(L2(G)) be the vector space of functions that are finite sums of differences of order s. It is known that if fL2(), fs(L2()) if and only if −f(x)2x−2sdx . Also, if fL2(), fs(L2()) if and only if f(0)=0. Consequently, s(L2(G)) is a Hilbert space in a (possibly) weighted L2-norm. It is known that every function in s(L2(G)) is a sum …

First In Vitro Evidence Of Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia Treatment Performance In Combination With Megavoltage Radiation By Clonogenic Assay, Marjorie Mcdonald, Stephanie Corde, Michael L. F Lerch, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Michael A. Jackson, Moeava Tehei

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a form of hyperthermia used in the treatment of cancer. It is a variation that relies on a particular form of enhanced selectivity to enable more effective cancerous cell death yet maintaining the integrity of healthy non-cancerous cells. It is yet to successfully make the major step into the wider medical community despite several encouraging trials. In this study, we investigate mEHT from an in vitro perspective. We demonstrate a supra-additive effect on 9 L gliosarcoma cells when exposed to mEHT in combination with MV X-ray radiation. The supra-additive effect is hypothesized to be induced by …

Class A And C Predictions For Ballina Trial Embankment With Vertical Drains Using Standard Test Data From Industry And Large Diameter Test Specimens, Buddhima Indraratna, Pankaj Baral, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Darshana Perera

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Consolidation using prefabricated vertical drains has been one of the most popular ground improvement methods in the past few decades. In this paper, a benchmarking exercise is performed to compare the accuracy of the available methods through both Class A and Class C predictions for a trial embankment stabilised by prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) at the site of the National Field Testing Facility (NFTF). In this paper, the main difference between Class A and Class C is that additional soil properties specially required to represent the visco-plastic behaviour or creep have been included, which were absent in the authors' original …

Mlaas: A Cloud-Based System For Delivering Adapative Micro Learning In Mobile Mooc Learning, Geng Sun, Tingru Cui, Jianming Yong, Jun Shen, Shiping Chen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

No abstract provided.

Data-Intensive Service Provision Based On Particle Swarm Optimization, Lijuan Wang, Jun Shen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The data-intensive service provision is characterized by the large of scale of services and data and also the high-dimensions of QoS. However, most of the existing works failed to take into account the characteristics of data-intensive services and the effect of the big data sets on the whole performance of service provision. There are many new challenges for service provision, especially in terms of autonomy, scalability, adaptability, and robustness. In this paper, we will propose a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm to resolve the data-intensive service provision problem. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, we compared it with an ant colony …

Radiation Characteristics Of Natural Gamma-Ray From Coal And Gangue For Recognition In Top Coal Caving, Ningbo Zhang, Changyou Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Recognition of coal and gangue (roof rock) is a key technology to realize fully mechanized top coal caving automated mining. This paper proposes to detect the instantaneous refuse content of drawn coal and gangue mixture during top coal caving by using natural gamma-ray technology. The generating environment of coal and rock seams, the distribution characteristics of natural gamma ray from coal and roof-rock and the principle of coal-gangue recognition using natural gamma-ray method were analyzed. The natural gamma ray radiation characteristics of coal and roof-rock seams from seven different typical coal mine areas who has thick coal seams in China …

A New Constitutive Analysis Of Hexagonal Close-Packed Metal In Equal Channel Angular Pressing By Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method, Hejie Li, Andreas Öchsner, Prasad K D V Yarlagadda, Yin Xiao, Tsuyoshi Furushima, Dongbin Wei, Zhengyi Jiang, Kenichi Manabe

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Most of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) metals are lightweight metals. With the increasing application of light metal products, the production of light metal is increasingly attracting the attentions of researchers worldwide. To obtain a better understanding of the deformation mechanism of HCP metals (especially for Mg and its alloys), a new constitutive analysis was carried out based on previous research. In this study, combining the theories of strain gradient and continuum mechanics, the equal channel angular pressing process is analyzed and a HCP crystal plasticity constitutive model is developed especially for Mg and its alloys. The influence of elevated temperature on …

An Exploration Of The Experiences Of Australian Grey Nomads Travelling With Chronic Conditions, Kaara Ray Calma, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Moira Stephens

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Internationally, the population is ageing and people are living well, longer. In Australia, extended travelling has gained popularity among older Grey Nomads due to time and opportunity post retirement. However, there is limited research available focusing on older Australians' health while travelling. This paper reports the qualitative phase of a larger mixed-method project that explores the experience of Australian Grey Nomads travelling with chronic conditions. Eight Grey Nomads participated in telephone interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Two themes emerged, namely: continuity of care while travelling and experts on the road. Participants described encountering a fragmented health system, …

Association Between Maternal Sense Of Competence And Self-Efficacy In Primiparous Women During Postpartum Period, Marzieh Bagherinia, Shahla Meedya, Mojgan Mirghafourvand

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: When women's' lives enter a new phase after childbirth, they need to adapt to it in order to accept their motherhood role. Maternal competency depends on the mother's perception of her maternal role and the ability to attain and fulfill it. The aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal sense of competence and self-efficacy in the postpartum period.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 305 Iranian women were selected randomly via a two-stage cluster sampling method at the end of the 4th postpartum month. Data were collected from August 2016 to January 2017 and …

Extra Uterine Development Of Preterm Kidneys, Yogavijayan Kandasamy, Donna Rudd, Roger Smith, Eugenie R. Lumbers, Ian M. R Wright

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: We carried out a study to determine the impact of prematurity on renal development. The primary outcomes measured were nephrinuria and albuminuria; renal volume and glomerular filtration rate were the secondary outcomes. Methods: Preterm neonates born at less than 28 weeks of gestation, with birth weight between 10th and 90th centile (appropriate for gestational age), were recruited and underwent assessments at 28, 32 and 37 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Results: Fifty-three premature neonates and 31 term neonates (control) were recruited. The median gestational age of the premature neonates was 26.4 [24.7-27.4] weeks, with a mean birth weight of 886 …

Extending Fluspect To Simulate Xanthophyll Driven Leaf Reflectance Dynamics, Nastassia Vilfan, Christiaan Van Der Tol, Peiqi Yang, Rhys Wyber, Zbynek Malenovky, Sharon A. Robinson, Wouter Verhoef

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The xanthophyll cycle regulates the energy flow to photosynthetic reaction centres of plant leaves. Changes in the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigments can be observed as changes in the leaf absorption of light with wavelengths between 500 to 570 nm. These spectral changes can be a good remote sensing indicator of the photosynthetic efficiency, and are traditionally quantified with a two-band physiologically based optical index, the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI). In this paper, we present an extension of the plant leaf radiative transfer model Fluspect (Fluspect-CX) that reproduces the spectral changes in a wide band of green reflectance: …

People With Epilepsy Aren't Protected In Africa: What Needs To Be Done, Jacob Mugumbate

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In October 2017 Abdul Matola was stoned and burnt to death in Malawi after being accused of being a "bloodsucking vampire". Matola had lived with uncontrolled epilepsy -- a highly treatable and non-infectious condition characterised by recurring seizures.

Wrist-Based Accelerometer Cut-Points To Identify Sedentary Time In 5-11-Year-Old Children, Jessica Chandler, Michael W. Beets, Pedro Saint-Maurice, Robert Glenn Weaver, Dylan P. Cliff, Clemens Drenowatz, Justin B. Moore, Xuemei Sui, Keith Brazendale

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The objective of this paper is to derive a wrist-placed cut-point threshold for distinguishing sedentary behaviors from light-intensity walking using the ActiGraph GT3X+ in children. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional study design, typically used in measurement-related studies. A sample of 167 children, ages 5-11 years (mean ± SD: 8.0 ± 1.8 years), performed up to eight seated sedentary activities while wearing accelerometers on both wrists. Activities included: reading books, sorting cards, cutting and pasting, playing board games, eating snacks, playing with tablets, watching TV, and writing. Direct observation verified sedentary behavior from light activity. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) …

3d Printing And Intellectual Property Futures, Thomas Birtchnell, Angela Daly, Thierry Rayna, Ludmila Striukova

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This report contains socio-legal research conducted on the relationship between 3D printing and intellectual property (IP) at the current point in time and in potential future scenarios, through the use of horizon-scanning methods in six countries—China, France, India, Russia, Singapore and the UK - to build a rich picture of this issue, comprising both developed and emerging economies.

Re-Thinking Knowledge Landscapes In The Context Of Grounded Aboriginal Theory And Online Health Communication, Kishan A. Kariippanon, Kate Senior

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Aboriginal people of North East Arnhem Land, Australia, are a diverse community speaking several languages, but united through a kinship system connecting individuals and clans between two moieties of the Yolngu nation: the Yirritja and Dhuwa.

Planning The Post-Political City: Exploring Public Participation In The Contemporary Australian City, Crystal Legacy, Nicole T. Cook, Dallas Rogers, Kristian J. Ruming

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This special section examines the possibility of meaningful debate and contestation over urban decisions and futures in politically constrained contexts. In doing so, it moves with the post-political times: critically examining the proliferation of deliber- ative mechanisms; identifying the informal assemblages of diverse actors taking on new roles in urban socio-spatial justice; and illuminating the spaces where informal and formal planning processes meet. These questions are particularly pertinent for understanding the processes shaping Australian cities and public participation today.

The Search For Instantaneous Vection: An Oscillating Visual Prime Reduces Vection Onset Latency, Stephen Palmisano, B Riecke

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018 Palmisano, Riecke. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Typically it takes up to 10 seconds or more to induce a visual illusion of self-motion ("vection"). However, for this vection to be most useful in virtual reality and vehicle simulation, it needs to be induced quickly, if not immediately. This study examined whether vection onset latency could be reduced towards zero using visual display manipulations alone. In the main experiments, visual self-motion …

Hiv-1 Diversity Among Young Women In Rural South Africa: Hptn 068, Mariya Sivay, Sarah Hudelson, Jing Wang, Yaw Agyei, Erica Hamilton, Amanda Selin, Ann Dennis, Kathleen Kahn, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Catherine L. Mac Phail, James Hughes, Audrey Pettifor, Susan Eshleman, Mary Grabowski

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: South Africa has one of the highest rates of HIV-1 (HIV) infection world-wide, with the highest rates among young women. We analyzed the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary history of HIV in young women attending high school in rural South Africa.

Methods: Samples were obtained from the HPTN 068 randomized controlled trial, which evaluated the effect of cash transfers for school attendance on HIV incidence in women aged 13±20 years (Mpumalanga province, 2011±2015). Plasma samples from HIV-infected participants were analyzed using the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping assay. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using 200 pol gene study sequences and 2,294 …

Transactional Sex And Incident Hiv Infection In A Cohort Of Young Women From Rural South Africa, Kelly N. Kilburn, Meghna Ranganathan, Marie Stoner, James Hughes, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Yaw Agyei, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: In sub-Saharan Africa, young women who engage in transactional sex (the exchange of sex for money or gifts) with a male partner show an elevated risk of prevalent HIV infection. We analyse longitudinal data to estimate the association between transactional sex and HIV incidence.

Design: We used longitudinal data from a cohort of 2362 HIV-negative young women (aged 13-20 years) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in rural, South Africa who were followed for up to four visits over 6 years.

Methods: The effect of transactional sex on incident HIV was analysed using stratified Cox proportional …