Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Differential-Mobility Spectrometry Of 1-Deoxysphingosine Isomers: New Insights Into The Gas Phase Structures Of Ionized Lipids, Berwyck L. J Poad, Alan T. Maccarone, Haibo Yu, Todd W. Mitchell, Essa M. Saied, Christoph Arenz, Thorsten Hornemann, James Bull, Evan J. Bieske, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Separation and structural identification of lipids remain a major challenge for contemporary lipidomics. Regioisomeric lipids differing only in position(s) of unsaturation are often not differentiated by conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches leading to the incomplete, or sometimes incorrect, assignation of molecular structure. Here we describe an investigation of the gas phase separations by differential-mobility spectrometry (DMS) of a series of synthetic analogues of the recently described 1-deoxysphingosine. The dependence of the DMS behavior on the position of the carbon-carbon double bond within the ionized lipid is systematically explored and compared to trends from complementary investigations, including collision cross-sections measured by …

A Reassessment Of The Early Archaeological Record At Leang Burung 2, A Late Pleistocene Rock-Shelter Site On The Indonesian Island Of Sulawesi, Adam R. Brumm, Budianto Hakim, Muhammad Ramli, Maxime Aubert, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, Bo Li, Basran Burhan, Andi Saiful, Linda Siagian, Ratno Sardi, Andi Jusdi, - Abdullah, Andi Pampang Mubarak, Mark W. Moore, Richard G. Roberts, J -X Zhao, David Mcgahan, Brian G. Jones, Yinika Perston, Katherine A. Szabo, M. Irfan Mahmud, Kira E. Westaway, Jatmiko Jatmiko, E Wahyu Saptomo, Sander Van Der Kaars, Rainer Grün, Rachel Wood, John R. Dodson, Michael J. Morwood

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This paper presents a reassessment of the archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a key early human occupation site in the Late Pleistocene of Southeast Asia. Excavated originally by Ian Glover in 1975, this limestone rock-shelter in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, Indonesia, has long held significance in our understanding of early human dispersals into 'Wallacea', the vast zone of oceanic islands between continental Asia and Australia. We present new stratigraphic information and dating evidence from Leang Burung 2 collected during the course of our excavations at this site in 2007 and 2011-13. Our findings suggest that the classic Late …

Rain Drives Foraging Decisions Of An Urban Exploiter, Matthew Chard, Kris French, John Martin, Richard E. Major

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Foraging decisions tend to drive individuals toward maximising energetic gains within a patchy environment. This study aims to determine the extent to which rainfall, and associated changes in food availability, can explain foraging decisions within a patchy urbanised landscape, using the Australian white ibis as a model species. Ibis density, food consumption rates and food abundance (both natural and anthropogenic) were recorded during dry and wet weather within urban parks in Sydney, Australia. Rainfall influenced ibis density in these urban parks. Of the four parks assessed, the site with the highest level of anthropogenic food and the lowest abundance of …

Reviewing Research Priorities In Weed Ecology, Evolution And Management: A Horizon Scan, P Neve, J N. Barney, Y Buckley, Roger D. Cousens, Sonia Graham, N R. Jordan, A Lawton-Rauh, M Liebman, M B. Mesgaran, M Schut, J Shaw, J Storkey, B Baraibar, R S. Baucom, M Chalak, D Z. Childs, S Christensen, H Eizenberg, C Fernandez-Quintanilla, Kris French, Melanie Harsch, S Heijting, L Harrison, D Loddo, M Macel, N Maczey, A Merotto Jr, D Mortensen, J Necajeva, D A. Peltzer, J Recasens, M Renton, M Riemens, M Sonderskov, M Williams

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Weedy plants pose a major threat to food security, biodiversity, ecosystem services and consequently to human health and wellbeing. However, many currently used weed management approaches are increasingly unsustainable. To address this knowledge and practice gap, in June 2014, 35 weed and invasion ecologists, weed scientists, evolutionary biologists and social scientists convened a workshop to explore current and future perspectives and approaches in weed ecology and management. A horizon scanning exercise ranked a list of 124 pre-submitted questions to identify a priority list of 30 questions. These questions are discussed under seven themed headings that represent areas for renewed and …

Contrary To Common Belief, Some Forests Get More Fire-Resistant With Age, Philip J. Zylstra

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

An out-of-season bushfire raged through Sydney's southwest at the weekend, burning more than 2,400 hectares and threatening homes. As the fire season extends and heatwaves become more frequent, it's vital to preserve our natural protections. My research, recently released in the journal Austral Ecology, contradict one of the central assumptions in Australian fire management - that forest accumulate fuel over time and become increasingly flammable.

Demographic Predictors Of Emotional Intelligence Among Radiation Therapists, Stamatia Trakis, Ritin S. Fernandez, Dominique R. Parrish

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Introduction: Contemporary health care services are more productive and successful when their health professionals have emotional intelligence (EI). The objective of this study was to explore the demographic predictors of EI among radiation therapists working in cancer care centres in NSW, Australia.

Methods: Data were collected using a cross-sectional self-administered survey. Emotional intelligence was measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Short version (TEIQue - SF). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify if age, years of experience, gender, highest level of education obtained or level of current employment were predictors of EI.

Results: A total of …

Making Nursing Matter - Using Actionable Data To Improve Patient Outcomes, Jenny Sim

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This presentation will describe the development of the Australian Nursing Outcomes Collaborative (AUSNOC). AUSNOC is a data registry and implementation science centre that assists health care organisations to measure the quality and safety of nursing care with the aim of improving patient outcomes. The indicator set is founded upon a conceptual framework that explores nursing care using the following constructs: Care and Caring; Communication; Coordination & Collaboration; and Safety. Data collected includes administrative data, adverse events (falls, pressure injuries, medication errors, staphylococcus blood stream infections), observational studies of processes of care and the use of three periodic surveys that use …

The Role Of Naloxone In The Opioid Crisis, Jody Morgan, Alison L. Jones

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Overdose due to opioid abuse is an ever increasing problem, especially in the United States, with the last few years seeing a dramatic rise in the number of synthetic opioid-related deaths. The pure opioid antagonist naloxone has been used in a clinical setting as an antidote to opioid overdose for decades. Recent data suggest that the number of patients requiring multiple doses of naloxone is growing likely caused by the increased number of intoxications with potent synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and its derivatives. Treating clinicians in both emergency departments and pre-hospital settings should be aware that they may need …

A Framework For Ehealth Readiness Of Dietitians, Kirsty Maunder, Karen L. Walton, Peter G. Williams, Maree Ferguson, Eleanor J. Beck

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim To develop a framework for assessing the eHealth readiness of dietitians. Methods Using an inductive approach, this research was divided into three stages: 1. a systematic literature review to identify models or frameworks on eHealth readiness; 2. data synthesis to identify eHealth readiness themes and develop a framework; and 3. semi-structured interviews with Australian nutrition informatics experts to gain consensus and validate the framework. Results Two hundred and forty one unique citations were identified, of which twenty four met the research criteria and were included in the review and subsequent synthesis. Common eHealth readiness themes or dimensions were extracted …

How A Trip To Antarctica Became A Real-Life Experiment In Decision-Making, Sarah Hamylton, Rachelle Balez

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We were part of a group of 77 women travelling by ship to an Antarctic research station when our route was blocked by icebergs. We had to make a decision. Should we detour into rough open ocean to reach the target site, or abandon plans to visit Rothera Research Station and settle instead for a few days of exploring Antarctica's calmer, protected waters? This is the story of "Rothera-gate", a leadership development experience on the largest all-female expedition to Antarctica. The 2018 expedition was the culmination of a year-long strategic leadership initiative for women scientists called Homeward Bound. Men typically …

Total Synthesis Of Natural Hyacinthacine C5, And Six Related Hyacinthacine C5 Epimers, Anthony Carroll, Kongdech Savaspun, Anthony C. Willis, Masako Hoshino, Atsushi Kato, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The total synthesis of natural (+)-hyacinthacine C₅ was achieved, which allowed correction of its initially proposed structure, as well as six additional hyacinthacine C-type compounds. These compounds were readily accessible from two epimeric anti-1,2-amino alcohols. Keeping a common A-ring configuration, chemical manipulation occurred selectively on the B-ring of the hyacinthacine C-type products through methods of syn-dihydroxylation, S_N2 ring-opening of a cyclic sulfate and also employing either (R)- or (R,S)-α-methylallyl amine for the Petasis borono Mannich reaction. Our small analogue library was then assessed for its glycosidase inhibitory potency against a panel of glycosidases. (-)-6-Epi …

A Systematic Review Of Chronic Disease Management Interventions In Primary Care, Rebecca Reynolds, Sarah May Dennis, Iqbal Hasan, Jan Slewa, Winnie Chen, David Tian, Sangeetha Bobba, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Primary and community care are key settings for the effective management of long term conditions. We aimed to evaluate the pattern of health outcomes in chronic disease management interventions for adults with physical health problems implemented in primary or community care settings. Methods: The methods were based on our previous review published in 2006. We performed database searches for articles published from 2006 to 2014 and conducted a systematic review with narrative synthesis using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care taxonomy to classify interventions and outcomes. The interventions were mapped to Chronic Care Model elements. The pattern …

Enhancing The Defensibility Of Examiners' Marks In High Stake Osces, Boaz Shulruf, Arvin Damodaran, Philip Jones, Sean Kennedy, George Mangos, Anthony J. O'Sullivan, Joel J. Rhee, Silas Taylor, Gary Velan, Peter Harris

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Most assessments in health professions education consist of knowledge-based examinations as well as practical and clinical examinations. Among the most challenging aspects of clinical assessments is decision making related to borderline grades assigned by examiners. Borderline grades are commonly used by examiners when they do not have sufficient information to make clear pass/fail decisions. The interpretation of these borderline grades is rarely discussed in the literature. This study reports the application of the Objective Borderline Method (version 2, henceforth: OBM2) to a high stakes Objective Structured Clinical Examination undertaken at the end of the final year of a Medicine …

Lajishankou Ophiolite Complex: Implications For Paleozoic Multiple Accretionary And Collisional Events In The South Qilian Belt, Changlei Fu, Zhen Yan, Zongqi Wang, Solomon Buckman, Jonathan C. Aitchison, Manlan Niu, Bo Cao, Xianqing Guo, Xiucai Li, Yunshuai Li, Jiliang Li

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Lajishan ophiolite complex in the Qilian Orogen is one of several ophiolites situated between the Qaidam and North China blocks that record episodic closure of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean. Detailed field relations and geochemical and geochronological studies are critical to unraveling the tectonic processes responsible for an extensive period of intraoceanic subduction that produced juvenile ophiolite/island arc terranes, which were obducted onto continental margins during ocean closure. The Lajishankou ophiolite complex crops out along the northern margin of the South Qilian belt and was thrust over a Neoproterozoic-Ordovician passive margin sequence that was deposited upon the Proterozoic Central Qilian block. …

Three-Dimensional Measurement Of Small-Object Surfaces On The Basis Of Fiber Optic Interferometric Fringe Projection, Xiaojie Li, Xiaojie Duan, Guangxu Li, Teng Cao, Rui Xie, Yanhua Hong, Chunxiao Tang, Enbang Li, Cheng Zhang, Hongqiang Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

We used a system that exploits the Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure and Young's double-pinhole interference principle to measure the three-dimensional topographies of small objects at high precision. Next, we performed phase profilometry to measure small objects and achieve a height measurement within a 10 x 10cm area. The accuracy of the measurement system improved by 44.1%, and the measurement time was reduced by 63.2%.

Total Electron Scattering Cross Sections From Thiophene For The (1-300 Ev) Impact Energy Range, A I. Lozano, A Loupas, Francisco Blanco, J D. Gorfinkiel, Gustavo Garcia

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Experimental electron scattering cross sections for thiophene in the impact energy range from 1 to 300 eV have been measured with a magnetically confined electron transmission-beam apparatus. Random uncertainty limits have been estimated to be less than 5%, and systematic errors derived from acceptance angle limitations have also been identified and evaluated. Experimental values are compared with our previous low energy (1-15 eV) R-matrix and intermediate/high energy (15-300 eV) IAM-SCAR+I calculations finding reasonable agreement, within the combined uncertainty limits. Some of the low energy shape and core-excited resonances predicted by previous calculations are experimentally confirmed in this study.

Temporal Separation Of Cerenkov Radiation And Scintillation Using Artificial Neural Networks In Clinical Linacs, Levi Madden, James Archer, Enbang Li, Dean Wilkinson, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The irradiation of scintillator-fiber optic dosimeters by clinical LINACs results in the measurement of scintillation and Cerenkov radiation. In scintillator-fiber optic dosimetry, the scintillation and Cerenkov radiation responses are separated to determine the dose deposited in the scintillator volume. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained and applied in a novel single probe method for the temporal separation of scintillation and Cerenkov radiation. Six dose profiles were measured using the ANN, with the dose profiles compared to those measured using background subtraction and an ionisation chamber. The average dose discrepancy of the ANN measured dose was 2.2% with respect to the …

Optimisation Of The Design Of Soi Microdosimeters For Hadron Therapy Quality Assurance, David Bolst, Susanna Guatelli, Linh T. Tran, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microdosimeters offer a promising method for routine quality assurance (QA) for hadron therapy due to their ease of operation and high spatial resolution. However, one complication which has been shown previously is that the traditional use of the mean chord length, (l_Cauchy), calculated using Cauchy's formula, for SOI devices in clinical carbon ion fields is not appropriate due to the strong directionality of the radiation field. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the mean path length, (l_Path), which is the mean path of charged particles in the sensitive volume (SV), is …

Transverse Conductance In A Three-Dimensional Weyl Semimetal And Weyl Superconductor Hybrid Under A Strong Magnetic Field, Wenye Duan, Junfeng Liu, Jun Fang, C Zhang, Zhongshui Ma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

There are two competing pairing mechanisms for the superconductivity of doped Weyl semimetals, i.e., the internode Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) pairing and the intranode Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) pairing. To understand the edge excitations at the interface between the Weyl semimetal and the superconducting Weyl semimetal (WSM/SWSM) mediated by two different pairings, we study the energy dispersions and the density of states under a strong magnetic field. It is found that only the chiral zeroth Landau level exhibits a significant difference for the two pairings; the excitation spectra of higher Landau levels are insensitive to the way of pairings. In the vicinity of interface …

Opportunistic Dose Amplification For Proton And Carbon Ion Therapy Via Capture Of Internally Generated Thermal Neutrons, Mitra Safavi-Naeini, Andrew Chacon, Susanna Guatelli, Daniel R. Franklin, Keith Bambery, Marie-Claude Gregoire, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper presents Neutron Capture Enhanced Particle Therapy (NCEPT), a method for enhancing the radiation dose delivered to a tumour relative to surrounding healthy tissues during proton and carbon ion therapy by capturing thermal neutrons produced inside the treatment volume during irradiation. NCEPT utilises extant and in-development boron-10 and gadolinium-157-based drugs from the related field of neutron capture therapy. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that a typical proton or carbon ion therapy treatment plan generates an approximately uniform thermal neutron field within the target volume, centred around the beam path. The tissue concentrations of neutron capture agents required to …

Towards Photon Radiotherapy Treatment Planning With High Z Nanoparticle Radiosensitisation Agents: The Relative Biological Effective Dose (Rbed) Framework, Jeremy M. Brown, Gerard Hanna, Nathanael Lampe, Balder Villagomez-Bernabe, James Nicol, Jonathan Coulter, Fred Currell

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A novel treatment planning framework, the Relative Biological Effective Dose (RBED), for high Z nanoparticle (NP)-enhanced photon radiotherapy is developed and tested in silico for the medical exemplar of neoadjuvant (preoperative) breast cancer MV photon radiotherapy. Two different treatment scenarios, conventional and high Z NP enhanced, were explored with a custom Geant4 application that was developed to emulate the administration of a single 2 Gy fraction as part of a 50 Gy radiotherapy treatment plan. It was illustrated that there was less than a 1% difference in the dose deposition throughout the standard and high Z NP-doped adult female phantom. …

Computational Thinking And Coding Subject In Primary Schools: Methodological Approach Based On Alternative Cooperative And Individual Learning Cycles, Elena Vlahu-Gjorgievska, Maja Videnovik, Vladimir Trajkovik

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Many countries have included or consider to include computational thinking in their educational curricula. This creates the need for a carefully planned educational approach involving different stakeholders as policymakers, educators and students. These stakeholders are the main carriers of the educational reforms thus their perspectives create various challenges and risks. In this paper, we propose a pedagogical approach of teaching coding through games and gamification of the learning process. The flipped classroom is used in order to address the shortcomings in teacher training and deliver learning outcomes in student-centred, fun and engaging way. Proposed solution includes a spiral curriculum implemented …

Total Cross Section Measurements For Electron Scattering From Dichloromethane, A I. Lozano, L Álvarez, Francisco Blanco, Michael J. Brunger, Gustavo Garcia

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

No abstract provided.

A Note On L2-Boundary Integrals Of The Bergman Kernel, Trong Thuc Phung

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this paper, we obtain some estimates on the L2-boundary norm of the Bergman kernel for pseudoconvex domains admitting a plurisubharmonic defining function.

Performance Of Marine Clay Stabilised With Vacuum Pressure: Based On Queensland Experience, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Pankaj Baral, Jayantha Ameratunga

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Stabilising soft marine clay and estuarine soils via vacuum preloading has become very popular in Australasia over the past decades because it is a cost-effective and time-efficient approach. In recent times, new land on areas outside but adjacent to existing port amenities, the Fisherman Islands at the Port of Brisbane (POB), was reclaimed to cater for an increase in trade activities. A vacuum preloading method combined with surcharge to stabilise the deep layers of soil was used to enhance the application of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). This paper describes the performance of this combined surcharge fill and vacuum system under …

Metamorphic Testing For Machine Translations: Mt4mt, Liqun Sun, Zhi Q. Zhou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Automated machine translation software and services have become widely available and increasingly popular. Due to the complexity and flexibility of natural languages, automated testing and quality assessment of this type of software is extremely challenging, especially in the absence of a human oracle or a reference translation. Furthermore, even if a reference translation is available, some major evaluation metrics, such as BLEU, are not reliable on short sentences, the type of sentence now prevailing on the Internet. To alleviate these problems, we have been using a metamorphic testing technique to test machine translation services in a fully automatic way without …

A 3d Approach For The Visualization Of Network Intrusion Detection Data, Wei Zong, Yang-Wai Chow, Willy Susilo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

With the increasing threat of cyber attacks, machine learning techniques have been researched extensively in the area of network intrusion detection. Such techniques can potentially provide a means for the real-time automated detection of attacks and abnormal traffic patterns. However, misclassification is a common problem in machine learning techniques for intrusion detection, and a lack of insight into why such misclassification occurs impedes the improvement of machine learning models. This paper presents an approach to visualizing network intrusion detection data in 3D. The purpose of this is to facilitate the understanding of network intrusion detection datasets using a visual representation …

Estimation Of Four-Day Soaked Cbr Using Index Properties, K Jayamali, Udeni P. Nawagamuwa, Buddhima Indraratna

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is an important parameter used to evaluate the strength of subgrade and sub-base soils for design of flexible pavements and hence it plays a significant role in road and highway constructions. Obtaining CBR is heavily time consuming and it is difficult to acquire a representative CBR value. Therefore, many correlations have been developed by various researchers worldwide to predict the CBR. Due to differences in soil formations in the tropi­cal environment, these existing global correlations found to be not satisfactory with local soils in Sri Lanka. Hence, this study was carried out to develop empirical correlations …

Performance Evaluation Of Full-Duplex Energy Harvesting Relaying Networks Using Pdc Self-Interference Cancellation, Jiaman Li, Le Chung Tran, Farzad Safaei

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this paper, throughput and bit error performance of an in-band full duplex (IBFD) relaying system assisted by the radio frequency energy harvesting technique and the polarization-enabled digital self-interference cancellation (PDC) scheme are investigated. In particular, the relay node harvests power from the wireless radio frequency signal transmitted from the source node and uses this power to amplify and forward signals to the destination. Meanwhile, the PDC scheme is used at the relay node to cancel the self-interference signal in order to facilitate the concurrent in-band transmission and reception. The impact of both energy harvesting and self-interference cancellation on the …

Experimental Investigation On Permeability And Mechanical Deformation Of Coal Containing Gas Under Load, Runsheng Lv, Bing Li, Zhimin Song, Gaofeng Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Coalbed effective permeability is widely used as a primary index to evaluate gas-drainage effect in CBM exploitation field. However, it seems to be difficult to obtain by the reason of dynamic change in close relationship with crustal stress, methane pressure, porosity, and adsorption. Due to their dissimilar adsorption properties and tectonic deformation degrees, different types of coal containing gas have various stress-strain and gas seepage curves. The paper presents the experimental investigations of the dynamic relationship between coal permeability and deformation under load. In this work, stress-strain and permeability investigations were performed using anthracite lump with a vitrinite reflectance of …