Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Assessing The Integration Of Forward Osmosis And Anaerobic Digestion For Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment And Resource Recovery, Ashley Ansari, Faisal I. Hai, William E. Price, Hao H. Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Long D. Nghiem

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This study assessed the performance and key challenges associated with the integration of forward osmosis (FO) and anaerobic digestion for wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Using a thin film composite polyamide FO membrane, maximising the pre-concentration factor (i.e. system water recovery) resulted in the enrichment of organics and salinity in wastewater. Biomethane potential evaluation indicated that methane production increased correspondingly with the FO pre-concentration factor due to the organic retention in the feed solution. At 90% water recovery, about 10% more methane was produced when using NaOAc compared with NaCl because of the contribution of biodegradable reverse NaOAc flux. No …

Simplifying Sensemaking: Concept, Process, Strengths, Shortcomings, And Ways Forward For Information Systems In Contemporary Business Environments, Morteza Namvar, Jacob Cybulski, Cynthia Phang, Chong-Yaw Wee, Kevin Y. L Tan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

2018 Namvar, Cybulski, Phang, Ee & Tan. Sensemaking is a popular and useful organizational behaviour concept that is gaining visibility in the field of information systems. However, it remains relatively unknown compared to more established information systems concepts like technology acceptance and resistance. To enhance and propel greater use of sensemaking in information systems, this article offers a systematic explanation of sensemaking, specifically focusing on its concept, process, strengths, and shortcomings, as well as discussing ways forward for information systems in contemporary business environments.

Data Privacy And System Security For Banking And Financial Services Industry Based On Cloud Computing Infrastructure, Abhishek Mahalle, Jianming Yong, Xiaohui Tao, Jun Shen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

No abstract provided.

Iterative Receivers For Downlink Mimo-Scma: Message Passing And Distributed Cooperative Detection, Weijie Yuan, Nan Wu, Qinghua Guo, Yonghui Li, Chengwen Xing, Jingming Kuang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

IEEE The rapid development of the mobile communications requires ever higher spectral efficiency. The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as a promising technology to further increase the access efficiency of wireless networks. Amongst several NOMA schemes, the sparse code multiple access (SCMA) has been shown to be able to achieve better performance. In this paper, we consider a downlink MIMOSCMA system over frequency selective fading channels. For optimal detection, the complexity increases exponentially with the product of the number of users, the number of antennas and the channel length. To tackle this challenge, we propose near optimal low-complexity iterative …

The Effect Of Calcium Aluminates On The Coke Analogue Gasification, Apsara S. Jayasekara, Brian J. Monaghan, Raymond Longbottom

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The gasification rate in CO₂ of the coke analogue containing calcium oxide was studied using analogues doped with alumina (corundum), calcium aluminates (CA6, CA, C3A) and lime minerals. The coke analogue is a laboratory material with simplified carbon structure that has a mineral component with a particle size, size distribution and mineral dispersion that can be controlled. The main focus of this study was to quantitatively assess the effect of calcium in the mineral on the analogue’s reactivity. The analogues were reacted with CO₂ isothermally in the temperature range of 1173–1623 K. It was found that the reaction …

The Effects Of Forced Interpass Cooling On The Material Properties Of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Ti6al4v Alloy, Bintao Wu, Zengxi Stephen Pan, Donghong Ding, Dominic Cuiuri, Hui Jun Li, Zhenyu Fei

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

To achieve improved microstructure and mechanical properties, an innovative wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process with forced interpass cooling using compressed CO₂ was employed in this study to fabricate Ti6Al4V thin-walled structures. The effects of various interpass temperatures and rapid forced cooling on deposition geometry, surface oxidation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of the fabricated part were investigated by laser profilometry, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness testing and mechanical tensile testing. Results show that the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the deposited metal are not greatly affected by an increasing interpass temperature, however, the deposited …

Effects Of Fouling On Separation Performance By Forward Osmosis: The Role Of Specific Organic Foulants, Lei Zheng, William E. Price, Long D. Nghiem

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this study, forward osmosis (FO) membranes and fouling solutions were systematically characterized to elucidate the effects of organic fouling on the rejection of two pharmaceutically active compounds, namely, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine. Municipal wastewater resulted in a more severe flux decline compared to humic acid and sodium alginate fouling solutions. This result is consistent with the molecular weight distribution of these foulant solutions. Liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection analysis shows that municipal wastewater consists of mostly low molecular weight acids and neutrals, which produce a more compact cake layer on the membrane surface. By contrast, humic acid and sodium …

Effect Of Rubber Crumbs On The Cyclic Behavior Of Steel Furnace Slag And Coal Wash Mixtures, Yujie Qi, Buddhima Indraratna, Ana Heitor, J S. Vinod

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The practical application of waste materials such as steel furnace slag (SFS) and coal wash (CW) is becoming more prevalent in many geotechnical projects. While adding rubber crumbs (RCs) from recycled tires into mixtures of SFS and CW not only solves the problem of large stockpiles of waste tires, it also can provide an energy-absorbing medium that will reduce vibration and prevent track degradation. Thus, the engineering insight into the effect that rubber crumbs have on the dynamic behavior of SFS þ CW þ RC mixtures is in urgent demand. In this study the influence that RC contents and confining …

Evaluating The Properties Of Mixtures Of Steel Furnace Slag, Coal Wash, And Rubber Crumbs Used As Subballast, Buddhima Indraratna, Yujie Qi, Ana Heitor

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Steel furnace slag (SFS) and coal wash (CW) are two common by-products from the coal-mining and steel industries in Australia. Rubber crumbs (RC) is a material derived from waste tires contributing to environmental problems in most developed countries. Reusing and recycling these waste materials is not only economically beneficial and environmentally sustainable, but it also helps to address geotechnical problems such as track degradation. In this study, SFS, CW, and RC are blended to explore the feasibility of obtaining an energy-absorbing capping layer with properties similar or superior to conventional subballast. Comprehensive laboratory investigations have been carried out to study …

Static Force Dependency Of Bone Conduction Transducer As Sensory Feedback For Stump-Socket Based Prosthesis, Raphael Mayer, Alireza Mohammadi, Gursel Alici, Peter Choong, Denny Oetomo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The dependency of a novel sensory feedback for stump-socket based prosthesis on the static force is presented using a bone conduction transducer as feedback source. The stimulation was induced onto the bony landmarks of the elbow, specifically the Ulna and presented in an interval halving method. The perception threshold in the range of tactile and auditory perception at three different force levels has been tested. The inter subject variability is bigger than the intra subject variation. The small static force variation suggests a similar approach as in bone conduction hearing aids and therefore a static force bigger than 6N should …

Scalable Bayesian Inference For The Inverse Temperature Of A Hidden Potts Model, Matthew T. Moores, Geoff K. Nicholls, Anthony N. Pettit, Kerrie Mengersen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The inverse temperature parameter of the Potts model governs the strength of spatial cohesion and therefore has a major influence over the resulting model fit. A difficulty arises from the dependence of an intractable normalising constant on the value of this parameter and thus there is no closed-form solution for sampling from the posterior distribution directly. There is a variety of computational approaches for sampling from the posterior without evaluating the normalising constant, including the exchange algorithm and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). A serious drawback of these algorithms is that they do not scale well for models with a large …

Dynamic Random Arching In The Flow Field Of Top-Coal Caving Mining, Ningbo Zhang, Changyou Liu, Xiaojie Wu, Ting X. Ren

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The large mining height fully mechanized top-coal caving mining technique has developed rapidly and become the most extensively used mining method for ultra-thick coal seams. The arching of coal/gangue and the drawing out of gangue are peculiar phenomena in the process of fully mechanized top-coal caving mining, which not only affects the recovery of top-coal, but also affects the quality of the coal. This paper studies the arching phenomenon in top-coal caving mining process of ultra-thick coal seam. A series of laboratory granular material simulation experiments were performing and a top-coal arching model in the framework of mechanics was established …

A Digital Image Correlation Study Of A Niti Alloy Subjected To Monotonic Uniaxial And Cyclic Loading-Unloading In Tension, Xiaohui Bian, Ahmed A. Saleh, Elena V. Pereloma, Christopher H. J Davies, Azdiar Adil Gazder

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This digital image correlation study details the mechanical behaviour and pattern evolution of the transformation band of a 56Ni-44Ti wt% shape memory alloy subjected to monotonic uniaxial and loading-unloading cycles in tension. The broadened single inclined band front and multiple criss-crossing patterns are found to relieve the in-plane moment caused by local shear strains and straighten the sample edges during testing. The magnitude of the maximum local strain rate suggests its feasibility to understand the direction and extent of the localised transformation. Specifically, the changes to the maximum local strain rate during monotonic uniaxial tension are generally analogous to the …

An Image Recognition Method For Gear Fault Diagnosis In The Manufacturing Line Of Short Filament Fibres, Shoufeng Jin, Di Fan, Reza Malekian, Zhihe Duan, Zhixiong Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The manufacturing line is a fundamental element in short filament fibre production, in which the gearbox is the key mechanical part. Any faults in the gearbox will greatly affect the quality of the short filament fibres. However, due to the harsh working environment, the gearbox is vulnerable to failure. Due to the complexity of the manufacturing line, effective and efficient feature extraction of gear faults is still a challenge. To this end, a new fault diagnosis method based on image recognition is proposed in this paper for gear fault detection in fibre manufacturing lines. In this method, wavelet packet bispectrum …

Softer Is Harder: What Differentiates Soft Robotics From Hard Robotics?, Gursel Alici

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper reports on what differentiates the field of soft (i.e. soft-bodied) robotics from the conventional hard (i.e. rigid-bodied) robotics. The main difference centres on seamlessly combining the actuation, sensing, motion transmission and conversion mechanism elements, electronics and power source into a continuum body that ideally holds the properties of morphological computation and programmable compliance (i.e. softness). Another difference is about the materials they are made of. While the hard robots are made of rigid materials such as metals and hard plastics with a bulk elastic modulus of as low as 1 GPa, the monolithic soft robots should be fabricated …

A New Elementary Proof Of Euler's Continued Fractions, Joseph Tonien

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A new elementary proof of Euler's continued fractions

Graded Steinberg Algebras And Their Representations, Pere Ara, Roozbeh Hazrat, Huanhuan Li, Aidan Sims

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

We study the category of left unital graded modules over the Steinberg algebra of a graded ample Hausdorff groupoid. In the first part of the paper, we show that this category is isomorphic to the category of unital left modules over the Steinberg algebra of the skew-product groupoid arising from the grading. To do this, we show that the Steinberg algebra of the skew product is graded isomorphic to a natural generalisation of the Cohen-Montgomery smash product of the Steinberg algebra of the underlying groupoid with the grading group. In the second part of the paper, we study the minimal …

Let's Get Moving With The Affordable Medium-Speed Alternatives To The Old Dream Of High-Speed Rail, Philip G. Laird

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

More than half a century has passed since high-speed rail (HSR) effectively began operating, in Japan in 1964, and it has been mooted for Australia since 1984. I estimate that the cost of all HSR studies by the private and public sectors in Australia exceeds $125 million, in today's dollars. But the federal government is now less interested in high-speed rail (now defined as electric trains operating on steel rails at maximum speeds of above 250km per hour), and instead favours "faster rail" or medium-speed rail.

An Assessment Of Set Up Position For Mri Scanning For The Purposes Of Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy Treatment Planning, Ewa Juresic, Gary P. Liney, Robba Rai, Joseph Descalar, Mark T. Lee, Karen Ms Karen Wong, Daniel Moses, Jacqueline Veera, Lois C. Holloway

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Introduction

A magnetic resonance (MR) scanner for radiotherapy treatment simulation was commissioned in our department in June 2013. Practical set up and MR image quality trade‐offs using a variety of patient positions and immobilisation devices routinely used in the treatment planning of rectal cancer patients were considered. The study also aimed to investigate the MR compatibility of the device materials with a focus on temperature changes during routine clinical examinations.

Methods

Ten volunteers were scanned: (1) Prone on a Civco Contoura Bellyboard (BBB), (2) Prone on a Civco MR Series Bellyboard (WBB), (3) Prone with no bellyboard and (4) Supine. …

A Disturbance Observer-Based Robust Controller Design For Systems With Right Half Plane Zeros And Poles, Emre Sariyildiz, Ilhan Mutlu, Rahim Mutlu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper analytically derives the bandwidth limitations of Disturbance Observer (DOB) when plants have Right Half Plane (RHP) zero(s) and pole(s). If the plant is non-minimum phase, then the bandwidth of DOB should be set at a lower value than its upper bound to improve the robust stability and performance. If the plant is unstable, then the bandwidth of DOB should be set at a higher value than its lower bound to achieve the robust stability. The upper and lower bounds are analytically derived by using Poisson integral formula. It is shown that the bandwidth limitation of DOB is directly …

An Energy Saving Variable Damping Seat Suspension System With Regeneration Capability, Donghong Ning, Haiping Du, Shuaishuai Sun, Wenfei Li, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this paper, an energy saving variable damping seat suspension system is designed, manufactured and validated. A controllable electromagnetic damper (EMD), which consists of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a 3-phase rectifier, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switch module, an external resistor, a diode, and a capacitor, is designed and tested firstly. The EMD is integrated with a planetary gearbox to amplify its torque output, and both of them are installed on the centre of the scissors structure of a seat suspension. The EMD's damping property can be controlled by exerting pulse width modulation (PWM) signal with different duty …

Laser Self-Mixing Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor For Acoustic Emission Measurement, Bin Liu, Yuxi Ruan, Yanguang Yu, Jiangtao Xi, Qinghua Guo, Jun Tong, Ginu Rajan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is considered a good candidate for acoustic emission (AE) measurement. The sensing and measurement in traditional FBG-based AE systems are based on the variation in laser intensity induced by the Bragg wavelength shift. This paper presents a sensing system by combining self-mixing interference (SMI) in a laser diode and FBG for AE measurement, aiming to form a new compact and cost-effective sensing system. The measurement model of the overall system was derived. The performance of the presented system was investigated from both aspects of theory and experiment. The results show that the proposed system is able …

Two Decades Of Advancement In Process Simulation Testing Of Ballast Strength, Deformation, And Degradation, Buddhima Indraratna, Ngoc Trung Ngo, Sanjay Nimbalkar, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper describes salient features of a set of large-scale ballast testing equipment developed at the University of Wollongong, Australia, and how the test results and research outcomes have contributed to transforming tracks in the Australian heavy haul and commuter networks, particularly with regards to the strength, deformation, and degradation of ballast. Ideally, ballast assemblies should be tested in prototype scale under actual loading conditions. This is because a reduction in particle sizes for testing in smaller equipment can reduce the internal angle of friction (shearing resistance) of the granular assembly in a macro sense, and the angularity of the …

Selection Of Fan(S) To Dilute Dpm For Multi-Seam Board And Pillar Coal Mines Using Hardy Cross And Cpm Methods, Ramakrishna Morla, Shivakumar Karekal

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Multi-seam coal mining comprises of a large number of working sections. A well-organized ventilation system is necessary to supply adequate air quantities to all working sections and to dilute diesel particulate matter (DPM) within the statutory limits. In this paper, an attempt has been made to optimize fan(s) operating points in a multi-seam mine using a combination of Hardy-Cross and critical path methods. Selection of parallel fan sizes was further explored using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulation results show that operating two surface parallel fans results in low total air power and low fans pressure

An Online Condition Monitoring System Implemented An Internet Connectivity And Ftp For Low Speed Slew Bearing, Wahyu Caesarendra, Buyung Kosasih, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, Mochammad Ariyanto, L Daryl, Daniel Pamungkas

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Rapid and reliable information in slew bearing maintenance is not trivial issue. This paper presents the online monitoring system to assist maintenance engineer in order to monitor the bearing condition of low speed slew bearing in sheet metal company. The system is able to pass the vibration information from the place where the bearing and accelerometer sensors are attached to the data center; and from the data center it can be access by opening the online monitoring website from any place and by any person. The online monitoring system is built using some programming languages such as C language, MATLAB, …

Plasticity Improvement Of Ball-Spun Magnesium Alloy Tube Based On Stress Triaxiality, Chunjiang Zhao, Feitao Zhang, Jie Xiong, Zhengyi Jiang, Xiaorong Yang, Hailong Cui

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The effects of thickness reduction, feed ratio, and ball diameter, and their coupling effects, on the average relative stress triaxiality during spinning are discussed via simulation results. The relationships among the parameters and the average value of relative stress triaxiality (AVRST) are fitted with multiple nonlinear functions to calculate the optimal process parameters. According to the trend of stress triaxiality, the corresponding process parameters are calculated for the minimum average value of relative stress triaxiality (AVRST). Room temperature experiments performed on an AZ31 magnesium alloy thin-walled tube with the optimal parameters reveal an improvement of cracking of the tube surface. …

Comparison Of Gmaw And Saw For Ngw Of 50 Mm Q&T Steel Plate, Druce Patrick Dunne, Willy Pang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A one-pass-per-layer technique was used for narrow gap welding (NGW) of 50 mm thick plate of quenched and tempered steel with 690 MPa minimum yield strength. GMAW and SAW were investigated for pulsed and non-pulsed welding using the same 1.2 mm strength-matching welding consumable and the same nominal heat inputs for each of the pulsed and non-pulsed welds. The welds were defect-free and the hardness, tensile strength and Charpy impact energies were generally consistent with high weldment integrity. Pulsing of the welding current had the effect of slightly increasing side-wall fusion, flattening the weld bead and decreasing its volume. The …

A Novel High-Resolution 2d Silicon Array Detector For Small Field Dosimetry With Fff Photon Beams, Giordano Biasi, Marco Petasecca, Susanna Guatelli, Nicholas G. Hardcastle, Martin G. Carolan, Vladimir Perevertaylo, Tomas Kron, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Purpose: Flattening filter free (FFF) beams are increasingly being considered for stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). For the first time, the performance of a monolithic silicon array detector under 6 and 10 MV FFF beams was evaluated. The dosimeter, named "Octa" and designed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), was tested also under flattened beams for comparison. Methods: Output factors (OFs), percentage depth-dose (PDD), dose profiles (DPs) and dose per pulse (DPP) dependence were investigated. Results were benchmarked against commercially available detectors for small field dosimetry. Results: The dosimeter was shown to be a 'correction-free' silicon array detector for OFs …

High Spatial Resolution Microdosimetry With Monolithic Delta E-E Detector On C-12 Beam: Monte Carlo Simulations And Experiment, Linh T. Tran, David Bolst, Susanna Guatelli, Giordano Biasi, Alberto Fazzi, Elena Sagia, Dale A. Prokopovich, Mark I. Reinhard, Ying C. Keat, Marco Petasecca, Michael L. F Lerch, A Pola, Stefano Agosteo, Naruhiro Matsufuji, Michael A. Jackson, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Nuclear fragmentation produced in ¹²C ion therapeutic beams contributes significantly to the Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)—weighted dose in the distal edge of the Spread out Bragg Peak (SOBP) and surrounding tissues in out-of-field. Complex mixed radiation field originated by the therapeutic ¹²C ion beam in a phantom is difficult to measure. This study presents a new method to characterise the radiation field produced in a ¹²C ion beam using a monolithic Delta E-E telescope which provides the capability to identify the particle components of the mixed radiation field as well as the microdosimetric spectra that allows derivation …

Recent Advances In Photonic Dosimeters For Medical Radiation Therapy, James Archer, Enbang Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Radiation therapy, which uses X-rays to destroy or injure cancer cells, has become one of the most important modalities to treat the primary cancer or advanced cancer. High resolution, water equivalent and passive X-ray dosimeters are highly desirable for developing quality assurance (QA) systems for novel cancer therapy like microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) which is currently under development. Here we present the latest developments of high spatial resolution scintillator based photonic dosimeters, and their applications to clinical external radiation beam therapies: specifically high energy linear accelerator (LINAC) photon beams and low energy synchrotron photon beams. We have developed optical fiber …