Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Simulations Of Hydro-Mechanical Deep Drawing Using Voronoi Model And Real Microstructure Model, Dongbin Wei, Liang Luo, Hideki Sato, Zhengyi Jiang, Kenichi Manabe

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Micro hydroforming is promising for fabricating complex micro components with a high aspect ratio. The aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of the size effects in micro hydroforming. Experimental work and FEM simulations of micro hydro-mechanical deep drawing (MHDD) were conducted. Voronoi model and real microstructure model were established. Real grain morphology can be considered in the real microstructure model. Local thinning in critical area of the drawn cups due to size effects can be predicted by the models. The simulation results agree with the MHDD test results.

Deriving Spatially Resolved Beta Dose Rates In Sediment Using The Timepix Pixelated Detector, Anna Romanyukha, Alastair C. Cunningham, Stuart George, Susanna Guatelli, Marco Petasecca, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Richard G. Roberts

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Luminescence dating methods currently allow for the evaluation of the distribution of equivalent dose (D_e) values for individual sand-sized grains of quartz and feldspar from a given sample, but the environmental dose rate is still derived from the bulk sample. Additionally, single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is performed on disaggregated samples, resulting in the loss of micro-stratigraphic context. To enhance the interpretation of D_e distributions, we aim to estimate the beta dose rate to sub-millimetre regions of intact samples using the Timepix pixelated semiconductor detector. The Timepix contains an array of 256 × 256 pixels, each …

X-Ray Microbeam Measurements With A High Resolution Scintillator Fibre-Optic Dosimeter, James Archer, Enbang Li, Marco Petasecca, Andrew Dipuglia, Matthew Cameron, Andrew W. Stevenson, Christopher Hall, Daniel Hausermann, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Michael L. F Lerch

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy is a novel external beam therapy under investigation, that uses highly brilliant synchrotron x-rays in microbeams 50 μm width, with separation of 400 μm, as implemented here. Due to the fine spatial fractionation dosimetry of these beams is a challenging and complicated problem. In this proof-of-concept work, we present a fibre optic dosimeter that uses plastic scintillator as the radiation conversion material. We claim an ideal one-dimensional resolution of 50 μm. Using plastic scintillator and fibre optic makes this dosimeter water-equivalent, a very desirable dosimetric property. The dosimeter was tested at the Australian …

High Efficiency And Non-Richardson Thermionics In Three Dimensional Dirac Materials, Sunchao Huang, Matthew Sanderson, Yan Zhang, C Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Three dimensional (3D) topological materials have a linear energy dispersion and exhibit many electronic properties superior to conventional materials such as fast response times, high mobility, and chiral transport. In this work, we demonstrate that 3D Dirac materials also have advantages over conventional semiconductors and graphene in thermionic applications. The low emission current suffered in graphene due to the vanishing density of states is enhanced by an increased group velocity in 3D Dirac materials. Furthermore, the thermal energy carried by electrons in 3D Dirac materials is twice of that in conventional materials with a parabolic electron energy dispersion. As a …

Shear Thickening Fluids In Protective Applications: A Review, Selim Gürgen, Melih Cemal Kushan, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A thorough and critical review on Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs) is presented based on a literature survey. The rheological properties of STFs are discussed considering many factors affecting shear thickening behavior and the use of STFs in protective systems is reviewed. The main focus of this review is multi-phase STFs, relatively new to the literature (in the last five years). Multi-phase STFs include a second phase in suspensions and the influences of this additional phase on rheological behavior and protective applications are discussed extensively. Based on this extended review, STF do benefit protective applications, but the major contribution is not …

Industrial Application Experiments On The Neutron Imaging Instrument Dingo, Ulf Garbe, Yogita Ahuja, Ralph Ibrahim, Hui Jun Li, Laurie Aldridge, Filomena Salvemini, Anna Paradowska

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The new neutron radiography / tomography / imaging instrument DINGO is operational since October 2014 to support the area of neutron imaging research at ANSTO. The instrument is designed for a diverse community in areas like defense, industrial, cultural heritage and archaeology applications. In the field of industrial application it provides a useful tool for studying cracking and defects in concrete or other structural material. Since being operational we gathered experience with industrial applications and commercial customers demanding beam time on DINGO. The instrument is a high flux facility with is 5.3 x 10 7 [n/(cm 2 s)] (confirmed by …

Observation Of Deformation Twinning And Martensitic Transformation During Nanoindentation Of A Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel, Zhiping Xiong, Gilberto Casillas, Ahmed A. Saleh, Shaogang Cui, Elena V. Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

For the first time, deformation twinning and martensitic transformation were observed in retained austenite in a low-Alloyed transformation-induced plasticity steel using nanoindentation in conjunction with electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Dislocation glide, martensite formation and deformation twinning were correlated to pop-ins and deviation from linearity in the load-displacement curve. Deformation twinning was found to enhance the stability of retained austenite. This observation furthers our understanding of RA stability during straining of low-Alloyed multiphase TRIP steel.

Study Of Anisotropic Plastic Behavior In High Pressure Torsion Of Aluminum Single Crystal By Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method, Peitang Wei, Cheng Lu, Huaiju Liu, Lihong Su, Guanyu Deng, Anh Kiet Tieu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this study, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model has been developed to investigate the anisotropic plastic behavior of (001) aluminum single crystal during high-pressure torsion (HPT). The distributions of equivalent plastic strain and Mises stress recorded on the sample surface are presented. The directional variations of plastic strain and Mises stress with the development of four-fold symmetry pattern are observed along the sample circumference. The crystallographic orientation evolution along the tangential direction is studied, and the corresponding lattice rotation and slip trace are predicted, respectively. The plastic anisotropy mechanism is discussed in detail based on the theory …

Dosimetric Evaluation Near Lung And Soft Tissue Interface Region During Respiratory-Gated And Non-Gated Radiotherapy: A Moving Phantom Study, Weiloong Jong, Ngiemin Ung, Ath Vannyat, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Challenges in treating lung tumours are related to the respiratory-induced tumour motion and the accuracy of dose calculation in charged particle disequilibrium condition. The dosimetric characteristics near the interface of lung and Perspex media in a moving phantom during respiratory-gated and non-gated radiotherapy were investigated using Gafchromic EBT2 and the MOSkin detector. The MOSkin detectors showed good agreement with the EBT2 films during static and gated radiotherapy. In static radiotherapy, the penumbral widths were found to be 3.66 mm and 7.22 mm in Perspex and lung media, respectively. In non-gated (moving) radiotherapy with 40 mm respiratory amplitude, dose smearing effect …

Size Effects In Micro Rolling Of Metals, Jingwei Zhao, Haibo Xie, Haina Lu, Zhengyi Jiang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Size effects are a unique characteristic with miniaturisation, and may cause a number of unexpected problems in micro rolling of metals in the aspects of mechanical behaviour, tribology, and scatter of material behaviour. This paper has introduced three kinds of micro rolling technologies, including micro ultrathin strip rolling, micro flexible rolling and micro cross wedge rolling, and analysed the size effects appeared in each of the micro rolling process. This paper will be helpful for understanding the problem of size effects, and can contribute to the manufacturing of high quality micro metallic products by minimising the impact of size effects …

Application Of Coastal Reservoirs In China And Its Feasibility, Shu-Qing Yang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

China is a water-rich country in terms of rainfall and rivers' size, but its urbanization mainly occurs in the eastern coastal cities. The densely populated coastal cities intensify the water stress. To seal the gap between water demand and supply, many ways have been tested like water diversion projects, desalination plants and wastewater recycling plants etc. Different from these solutions, this paper discusses the strategy of coastal reservoirs in China's coastal cities. Its feasibility of using the available water is investigated and its water quality can be ensured if the second generation coastal reservoirs are applied. The results show that …

Assessment Of Social And Environmental Impacts Of Coastal Reservoirs, Shu-Qing Yang, Lewis Smith, Muttucumaru Sivakumar

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Water is essential for the global population's domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. Water shortage and its associated issues are projected to worsen with the population growth. Among many innovative solutions, coastal reservoir (CR) may be one of the feasible solutions. Many CRs have been constructed around the world. It is necessary to systematically analyze the environmental/social impacts of these coastal reservoirs, and the results should be compared with other solutions like desalination plants, wastewater treatment and reuse, dams, reservoirs, inter-basin water diversion and rainwater tanks etc. The world largest scientific database "Web of Science" and "google imagine" have been used …

Simulation-Based Uncertainty Quantification For Estimating Atmospheric Co2 From Satellite Data, Jonathan Hobbs, Amy Braverman, Noel A. Cressie, Robert Granat, Michael Gunson

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Remote sensing of the atmosphere has provided a wealth of data for analyses and inferences in earth science. Satellite observations can provide information on the atmospheric state at fine spatial and temporal resolution while providing substantial coverage across the globe. For example, this capability can greatly enhance the understanding of the space-time variation of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), since ground-based measurements are limited. NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) collects tens of thousands of observations of reflected sunlight daily, and the mission's retrieval algorithm processes these indirect measurements into estimates of atmospheric CO2. The retrieval is an inverse problem …

Crystal Plasticity Modeling Of Texture Evolution Of Aluminum Single Crystal Processed By High Pressure Torsion, Peitang Wei, Cheng Lu, Anh Kiet Tieu, Guanyu Deng, Jie Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this study, the local texture evolution during high pressure torsion (HPT) deformation of aluminum single crystal is predicted by the crystal plasticity finite element method model integrating crystal plasticity constitutive theory with the Bassani and Wu hardening law. It has been found the lattice rotates mainly around the sample radial direction to accommodate the increasingly introduced plastic strain. A noticeable amount of lattice rotation angles around the axial direction have also been observed at a certain HPT stage. The crystallographic orientation changes as the lattice rotates. With increasing HPT deformation, the initial cube orientation rotates progressively to the rotated …

Valleytronics In Merging Dirac Cones: All-Electric-Controlled Valley Filter, Valve, And Universal Reversible Logic Gate, Yee Sin Ang, Shengyuan Yang, C Zhang, Zhongshui Ma, Lawrence K. Ang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Despite much anticipation of valleytronics as a candidate to replace the aging complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based information processing, its progress is severely hindered by the lack of practical ways to manipulate valley polarization all electrically in an electrostatic setting. Here, we propose a class of all-electric-controlled valley filter, valve, and logic gate based on the valley-contrasting transport in a merging Dirac cones system. The central mechanism of these devices lies on the pseudospin-assisted quantum tunneling which effectively quenches the transport of one valley when its pseudospin configuration mismatches that of a gate-controlled scattering region. The valley polarization can be abruptly …

A 3d Printed Monolithic Soft Gripper With Adjustable Stiffness, Rahim Mutlu, Charbel Tawk, Gursel Alici, Emre Sariyildiz

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Soft robotics has recently gained a significant momentum as a newly emerging field in robotics that focuses on biomimicry, compliancy and conformability with safety in near-human environments. Beside conventional fabrication methods, additive manufacturing is a primary technique to employ to fabricate soft robotic devices. We developed a monolithic soft gripper, with variable stiffness fingers, that was fabricated as a one-piece device. Negative pressure was used for the actuation of the gripper while positive pressure was used to vary the stiffness of the fingers of the gripper. Finger bending and gripping capabilities of the monolithic soft gripper were experimentally tested. Finite …

Effect Of Injection Site On Fault Activation And Seismicity During Hydraulic Fracturing, Zhaohui Chong, Xuehua Li, Xiangyu Chen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Hydraulic fracturing is a key technology to stimulate oil and gas wells to increase production in shale reservoirs with low permeability. Generally, the stimulated reservoir volume is performed based on pre-existing natural fractures (NF). Hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs with large natural fractures (i.e., faults) often results in fault activation and seismicity. In this paper, a coupled hydro-mechanical model was employed to investigate the effects of injection site on fault activation and seismicity. A moment tensor method was used to evaluate the magnitude and affected areas of seismic events. The micro-parameters of the proposed model were calibrated through analytical solutions …

Secondary Control Of Voltage & Current Unbalance In A Multi-Bus Microgrid Using Cooperative Adjustment Of Q− Droop Gains, Edward Smith, Duane A. Robinson, Phil Ciufo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper describes a combined current and voltage unbalance compensation scheme for static power converters on a multi-bus microgrid utilizing cooperative regulation on a sparse ad-hoc communication network. The proposed control scheme is both robust to changing network conditions and corrects for sub-optimal gain settings at each distributed generation unit. The scheme is based on local voltage and current measurements by each distributed generation unit on the network, and utilizes a primary and secondary control hierarchy. The scheme is then simulated using Matlab SimPowerSystem to demonstrate operation of the compensation scheme and evaluate its performance.

Identifying The Wheeling Costs Associated With Solar Sharing In Lv Distribution Networks In Australia Using Power Flow Tracing And Mw-Mile Methodology, Bosui Li, Duane A. Robinson, Ashish P. Agalgaonkar

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

PV systems, as one type of distributed generation, have been popularly applied to residential and commercial power supply systems for compensating grid electricity consumption. Schemes for sharing PV power within LV distribution networks have also begun to develop, with the aim to more widely spread the benefits of utilizing localized renewable-generated electricity. Consequently, to utilize the local LV distribution network, there is an argument that customers (both small scale generators and consumers) should pay a 'wheeling charge' to utilities for grid services related to the transport of energy, similar to their transmission counterparts. This paper presents some of the existing …

The Technical And Economic Benefits Of Utility Sponsored Renewable Energy Integration, Brendan Banfield, Phil Ciufo, Duane A. Robinson

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In recent years, Australian energy consumers have begun to install large amounts of distributed generation (DG), particularly residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. This rapid increase in DG, has led to the flow of power throughout low voltage (LV) networks to become bidirectional. This reverse power flow, along with the intermittent nature of solar PV and the inability for distribution network service providers (DNSPs) to control where this DG is installed, has led to voltage regulation issues throughout LV networks. Along with solar PV, energy storage (ES) is also becoming more prevalent among energy consumers. The combination of solar PV and …

Proposed Amendment To Iec/Tr 61000.3.6:2008 For Harmonic Allocation To Loads In Transmission Systems, Tuan Vu, Duane A. Robinson, Victor J. Gosbell, Sarath Perera, Rizah Memisevic

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Ensuring harmonic voltage distortion levels in transmission systems remain below acceptable levels relies on appropriate allocations of emissions to customer loads and bulk supply points. A number of practical issues have been identified with the existing harmonic allocation method for transmission systems in the technical report IEC/TR 61000-3-6:2008, Ed.2: the method to assess the total available power of a busbar, a key component to harmonic allocations, is not intuitive and there is a lack of clarity in the report; the method for sharing planning levels also does not allow unused spare capacity at a busbar to be shared with other …

A Robust Force Controller Design For Series Elastic Actuators, Emre Sariyildiz, Haoyong Yu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A Series Elastic Actuator (SEA) is designed by placing a passive compliant element between a conventional stiff actuator and link. The intrinsically compliant mechanical structure provides several superiorities, e.g., safety, energy efficiency, high force fidelity, low cost force measurement, high transparency, etc., in advanced robot applications, such as humanoids, quadrupeds and exoskeletons. However, the motion control problem of an SEA is more complicated than that of a conventional stiff actuator due to its higher order dynamics. This paper proposes a novel Active Disturbance Rejection (ADR) based robust force controller for SEAs by combining Differential Flatness (DF) and Disturbance Observer (DOb) …

Impact Of A Monolithic Silicon Detector Operating In Transmission Mode On Clinical Photon Beams, Kananan Utitsarn, Z A. Alrowaili, Nauljun Stansook, Marco Petasecca, Martin G. Carolan, Vladimir Perevertaylo, Michael L. F Lerch, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Purpose

To investigate the effect on surface dose, as a function of different field sizes and distances from the solid water phantom to transmission detector (D_sd), of using the monolithic silicon detector MP512T in transmission mode.

Methods

The influence of operating the MP512T in transmission mode on the surface dose of a phantom for SSD 100cm was evaluated by using a Markus IC. The MP512T was fixed to an adjustable stand holder and was positioned at different D_sd, ranging from 0.3 to 24 cm. For each D_sd, measurements were carried out for irradiation field …

Collaboration And Co-Location: Making Sense Of Digital Design For Early Childhood Games, Holly Tootell, Mark Freeman, Grant N. Ellmers, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The relationship between physical activity and educational and health outcomes is well known. As the significance of digital devices continues to increase, along with societal reliance on them, the provision of programs that draw technology and physical activity together is increasingly important. The recent Pokemon phenomenon is an example of a digitally-driven physical activity that appealed to both adults and children alike. This paper reports on the proof of concept phase of a development that brings to digital life a physical activity program designed specifically for preschoolers. The aim of the JumpStart project was to find a way to engage …

Predicting Steel Tensile Responses And Fracture Using The Phenomenological Ductile Shear Fracture Model, Kazeem K. Adewole, Lip H. Teh

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In the literature, all the micromechanical fracture models used for predicting structural steel tensile responses and fracture are based on the ductile fracture mechanism that uses the Lode angle parameter to simulate shear fracture under low-stress triaxiality. Using the phenomenological shear fracture model that uses the shear stress ratio rather than the Lode angle parameter, this technical note presents the finite element predictions of the responses of S690 steel solid and perforated coupons under tension and of the fractures of TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) 690 steel specimens under pure shear and combined shear and tension. The calibrated phenomenological shear fracture model …

Effective Shear Plane Model For Tearout And Block Shear Failure Of Bolted Connections, Lip H. Teh, Gregory Deierlein

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In spite of many revisions to the block shear requirements of the AISC Specification, 'the model in the current Specification can result in cal­culated strengths and failure modes that are inconsistent with published test data. The inconsistencies are primarily related to the assumed interaction of tensile and shear resisting mechanisms, combined with the definition of net and gross shear planes that are unrealistic. Using recently published test results of single-bolt connections in mild and high-strength steel plates, the shear failure planes are observed to be neither the assumed net nor gross shear planes, which are the basis of the current …

Ground Improvement For Transport Infrastructure: Geosynthetic Inclusions For Enhanced Ballasted Rail Tracks, Buddhima Indraratna, Ngoc Trung Ngo, Fernanda Bessa Ferreira, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Given the increasing demand for trains to carry heavier loads, current Australian ballasted rail networks require a significant amount of upgrading. Railroad ballast is an unbounded granular material that displaces laterally when subjected to repeated train loading. During track operations, ballast deteriorates due to progressive breakage and the infiltration of fine particles or mud-pumping from the underneath layers (e.g., capping, subgrade), which decreases the shear strength, impedes track drainage and increases the deformation of ballasted tracks. Rail track substructures can be reinforced by geosynthetics to reduce lateral displacements and optimise overall track performance. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art knowledge …

Use Of Synthetic Inclusions For Enhanced Behaviour Of Railway Ballast Under Impact Loading, Fernanda Bessa Ferreira, Buddhima Indraratna

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Ballasted rail tracks form one of the largest worldwide networks catering to passenger and freight transportation. However, track deterioration associated with severe dynamic wheel loads is inevitable over the years leading to high maintenance costs. Geosynthetics and energy-absorbing rubber mats have increasingly been applied in rail track foundations to improve track stability and reduce the life-cycle cost of the railway system. This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out using a high-capacity drop-weight impact testing apparatus to investigate the deformation and degradation response of railway ballast under impact loading conditions. The effectiveness of the geogrid reinforcement in …

Review On Design And Control Aspects Of Robotic Shoulder Rehabilitation Orthoses, Aibek Niyetkaliyev, Shahid Hussain, Mergen Hmcgill University, Ghayesh, Gursel Alici

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Robotic rehabilitation devices are more frequently used for the physical therapy of people with upper limb weakness, which is the most common type of stroke-induced disability. Rehabilitation robots can provide customized, prolonged, intensive, and repetitive training sessions for patients with neurological impairments. In most cases, the robotic exoskeletons have to be aligned with the human joints and provide natural arm movements. This is a challenging task to achieve for one of the most biomechanically complex joints of human body, i.e., the shoulder. Therefore, specific considerations have been made in the development of various existing robotic shoulder rehabilitation orthoses. Different types …

Coupled Dem-Fem Analysis For Simulating Ballasted Rail Tracks, Ngoc Trung Ngo, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Ballasted tracks play an essential role in its economy through transporting freight and bulk commodities between major cities and ports, and carrying passengers, particularly in urban areas. Ballast usually consists of hard and strong angular particles, which are derived from high strength unweathered rocks. Ballast aggregates undergo gradual and continuing degradation under cyclic train loadings. In this study, the load-deformation responses of ballasted rail tracks subjected to cyclic loading are studied experimentally using a large-scale Track Process Simulation Apparatus (TPSA), and numerically through a coupled discrete-continuum approach, namely, coupled DEM-FEM. Laboratory tests are carried out to examine the deformation and …