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Articles 3091 - 3120 of 14367

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Crime And Victimisation In People With Intellectual Disability: A Case Linkage Study, Billy C. Fogden, Stuart Dm Thomas, Michael D. Daffern, James R. P Ogloff Jan 2016

Crime And Victimisation In People With Intellectual Disability: A Case Linkage Study, Billy C. Fogden, Stuart Dm Thomas, Michael D. Daffern, James R. P Ogloff

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Studies have suggested that people with intellectual disability are disproportionately involved in crime both as perpetrators and victims. Method A case linkage design used three Australian contact-level databases, from disability services, public mental health services and police records. Rates of contact, and official records of victimisation and criminal charges were compared to those in a community sample without intellectual disability. Results Although people with intellectual disability were significantly less likely to have an official record of victimisation and offending overall, their rates of violent and sexual victimisation and offending were significantly higher. The presence of comorbid mental illness considerably …

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Mismatch Negativity And P50 Sensory Gating In Abstinent Former Cannabis Users, Samantha J. Broyd, Lisa-Marie Greenwood, Hendrika H. Van Hell, Rodney J. Croft, Hannah Coyle, Benjamin Lee-Bates, Juanita Todd, Stuart J. Johnstone, Patricia Michie, Nadia Solowij Jan 2016

Mismatch Negativity And P50 Sensory Gating In Abstinent Former Cannabis Users, Samantha J. Broyd, Lisa-Marie Greenwood, Hendrika H. Van Hell, Rodney J. Croft, Hannah Coyle, Benjamin Lee-Bates, Juanita Todd, Stuart J. Johnstone, Patricia Michie, Nadia Solowij

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Prolonged heavy exposure to cannabis is associated with impaired cognition and brain functional and structural alterations. We recently reported attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) and altered P50 sensory gating in chronic cannabis users. This study investigated the extent of brain functional recovery (indexed by MMN and P50) in chronic users after cessation of use. Eighteen ex-users (median 13.5 years prior regular use; median 3.5 years abstinence) and 18 nonusers completed (1) a multifeature oddball task with duration, frequency, and intensity deviants and (2) a P50 paired-click paradigm. Trend level smaller duration MMN amplitude and larger P50 ratios (indicative of poorer sensory …

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Effect Of Deformation On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Dual Phase Steel Produced Via Strip Casting Simulation, Zhiping Xiong, Andrii Kostryzhev, Nicole Stanford, Elena V. Pereloma Jan 2016

Effect Of Deformation On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Dual Phase Steel Produced Via Strip Casting Simulation, Zhiping Xiong, Andrii Kostryzhev, Nicole Stanford, Elena V. Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The strip casting is a recently appeared technology with a potential to significantly reduce energy consumption in steel production, compared to hot rolling and cold rolling. However, the quantitative dependences of the steel microstructure and mechanical properties on strip casting parameters are unknown and require investigation. In the present work we studied the effects of strain and interrupted cooling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties in conventional dual phase steel (0.08C-0.81Si-1.47Mn-0.03Al wt%). The strip casting process was simulated using a Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The steel microstructures were studied using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were measured …

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Coupled Nonlinear Dynamics Of Geometrically Imperfect Shear Deformable Extensible Microbeams, Mergen H. Ghayesh, Hamed Farokhi Jan 2016

Coupled Nonlinear Dynamics Of Geometrically Imperfect Shear Deformable Extensible Microbeams, Mergen H. Ghayesh, Hamed Farokhi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper aims at analyzing the coupled nonlinear dynamical behavior of geometrically imperfect shear deformable extensible microbeams based on the third-order shear deformation and modified couple stress theories. Using Hamilton's principle and taking into account extensibility, the three nonlinear coupled continuous expressions are obtained for an initially slightly curved (i.e., a geometrically imperfect) microbeam, describing the longitudinal, transverse, and rotational motions. A high-dimensional Galerkin scheme is employed, together with an assumed-mode technique, in order to truncate the continuous system with an infinite number of degrees of freedom into a discretized model with sufficient degrees of freedom. This high-dimensional discretized model …

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Effect Of Grain Size On Springback And System Energy In Micro V-Bending With Phosphor Bronze Foil, Zhi Fang, Zhengyi Jiang, Xiaogang Wang, Cunlong Zhou, Xianming Zhao, Xiaoming Zhang, Di Wu Jan 2016

Effect Of Grain Size On Springback And System Energy In Micro V-Bending With Phosphor Bronze Foil, Zhi Fang, Zhengyi Jiang, Xiaogang Wang, Cunlong Zhou, Xianming Zhao, Xiaoming Zhang, Di Wu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this paper, the effect of grain size on springback in the micro V-bending process of phosphor bronze foil (face-centered cubic structure) is investigated. Grain size effect is expressed by the ratio of material thickness (T) to average grain size (D), and these T/D values are divided into three groups: larger than 1, less than 1, and approximately equal to 1. It has been found that springback angles were the lowest when T/D ≈ 1. Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) measurement results show that the twinning boundaries change with the ratios of T/D before and after bending. When T/D > 1, the …

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Internal Energy Transfer In Dynamical Behavior Of Slightly Curved Shear Deformable Microplates, Mergen H. Ghayesh, Hamed Farokhi, Gursel Alici Jan 2016

Internal Energy Transfer In Dynamical Behavior Of Slightly Curved Shear Deformable Microplates, Mergen H. Ghayesh, Hamed Farokhi, Gursel Alici

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper investigates the internal energy transfer and modal interactions in the dynamical behavior of slightly curved microplates. Employing the third-order shear deformation theory, the microplate model is developed taking into account geometric nonlinearities as well as the modified couple stress theory; the initial curvature is modeled by an initial imperfection in the out-of-plane direction. The in-plane displacements and inertia are retained, and the coupled out-of-plane, rotational, and in-plane motion characteristics are analyzed. Specifically, continuous models are developed for kinetic and potential energies as well as damping and external works; these are balanced and reduced via Lagrange's equations along with …

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Analysis Of Laminated Crack Defect In The Upsetting Process Of Heavy Disk-Shaped Forgings, Minting Wang, Dongying Li, Fan Wang, Xinliang Zang, Xuetong Li, Hong Xiao, Fengshan Du, F C. Zhang, Zhengyi Jiang Jan 2016

Analysis Of Laminated Crack Defect In The Upsetting Process Of Heavy Disk-Shaped Forgings, Minting Wang, Dongying Li, Fan Wang, Xinliang Zang, Xuetong Li, Hong Xiao, Fengshan Du, F C. Zhang, Zhengyi Jiang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Using nonlinear finite element method, a thermo-mechanical coupled simulation model for the formation mechanism of the laminated crack defect has been established in the upsetting of heavy disk-shaped forgings. Through numerical simulation, the distributions of stress, equivalent strain and strain rate were analysed. Meanwhile the distribution diagram of stress state evolution was obtained, and the uncoordinated deformation, under tri-lateral compression, is determined as the main reason leading to laminated crack defect. To reveal the characteristics of the uncoordinated deformation, the variations of each variable and its gradient in numerical simulation were presented, and a combined prediction model of laminated crack …

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Fundamentals And Applications Of Inertial Microfluidics: A Review, Jun Zhang, Sheng Yan, Dan Yuan, Gursel Alici, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Weihua Li Jan 2016

Fundamentals And Applications Of Inertial Microfluidics: A Review, Jun Zhang, Sheng Yan, Dan Yuan, Gursel Alici, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In the last decade, inertial microfluidics has attracted significant attention and a wide variety of channel designs that focus, concentrate and separate particles and fluids have been demonstrated. In contrast to conventional microfluidic technologies, where fluid inertia is negligible and flow remains almost within the Stokes flow region with very low Reynolds number (Re < 1), inertial microfluidics works in the intermediate Reynolds number range (~1 < Re < ~100) between Stokes and turbulent regimes. In this intermediate range, both inertia and fluid viscosity are finite and bring about several intriguing effects that form the basis of inertial microfluidics including (i) inertial migration and (ii) secondary flow. Due to the superior features of high-throughput, simplicity, precise manipulation and low cost, inertial microfluidics is a very promising candidate for cellular sample processing, especially for samples with low abundant targets. In this review, we first discuss the fundamental kinematics of particles in microchannels to familiarise readers with the mechanisms and underlying physics in inertial microfluidic systems. We then present a comprehensive review of recent developments and key applications of inertial microfluidic systems according to their microchannel structures. Finally, we discuss the perspective of employing fluid inertia in microfluidics for particle manipulation. Due to the superior benefits of inertial microfluidics, this promising technology will still be an attractive topic in the near future, with more novel designs and further applications in biology, medicine and industry on the horizon.

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Mechanical Recoverability And Damage Process Of Ionic-Covalent Paam-Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels, Hai Xin, Hugh Ralph Brown, Sina Naficy, Geoffrey M. Spinks Jan 2016

Mechanical Recoverability And Damage Process Of Ionic-Covalent Paam-Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels, Hai Xin, Hugh Ralph Brown, Sina Naficy, Geoffrey M. Spinks

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Hydrogels consisting of interpenetrating networks of ionically and covalently crosslinked polymers showed high toughness and mechanical recoverability as a result of the dissociation and re-formation of ionic crosslinks. The present investigation aimed to provide a quantitative study on the mechanical recoverability and damage process of an example hybrid gel of calcium crosslinked alginate and covalently crosslinked polyacrylamide. Three series of load/unload tests were performed sequentially with the mechanical properties of the gel fully retrieved between the 2nd and 3rd load/unload series while only the partial recovery of mechanical properties was evident from the 1st to 2nd series. The load/unload curves …

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Development Of A Novel Multi-Layer Mre Isolator For Suppression Of Building Vibrations Under Seismic Events, Jian Yang, Shuaishuai Sun, Tongfei Tian, Weihua Li, Haiping Du, Gursel Alici, Masami Nakano Jan 2016

Development Of A Novel Multi-Layer Mre Isolator For Suppression Of Building Vibrations Under Seismic Events, Jian Yang, Shuaishuai Sun, Tongfei Tian, Weihua Li, Haiping Du, Gursel Alici, Masami Nakano

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Protecting civil engineering structures from uncontrollable events such as earthquakes while maintaining their structural integrity and serviceability is very important; this paper describes the performance of a stiffness softening magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) isolator in a scaled three storey building. In order to construct a closed-loop system, a scaled three storey building was designed and built according to the scaling laws, and then four MRE isolator prototypes were fabricated and utilised to isolate the building from the motion induced by a scaled El Centro earthquake. Fuzzy logic was used to output the current signals to the isolators, based on the real-time …

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Removal Of Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs) From Groundwater By Reverse Osmosis And Nanofiltration, Hamad Nasser Altalyan, Brian G. Jones, John M. Bradd, Long D. Nghiem, Yasir M. Alyazichi Jan 2016

Removal Of Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs) From Groundwater By Reverse Osmosis And Nanofiltration, Hamad Nasser Altalyan, Brian G. Jones, John M. Bradd, Long D. Nghiem, Yasir M. Alyazichi

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A comprehensive study was conducted to examine the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which exist in groundwater at Southlands-Botany Bay (Sydney region). The ability of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) as advanced treatments was investigated using two commercially available NF or RO membranes. Laboratory-scale tests were used with cross-flow; tests were conducted with 16 ubiquitous compounds that represented the significant volatile organic compounds found in the contaminated groundwater. The results reported in this study indicate that the removal efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) was better than NF in rejecting the VOCs detected in groundwater. This study revealed that …

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Impact Factor Of Medical Education Journals And Recently Developed Indices: Can Any Of Them Support Academic Promotion Criteria?, Samy A. Azer, Are Holen, Ian G. Wilson, Norbert Skokauskas Jan 2016

Impact Factor Of Medical Education Journals And Recently Developed Indices: Can Any Of Them Support Academic Promotion Criteria?, Samy A. Azer, Are Holen, Ian G. Wilson, Norbert Skokauskas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Journal Impact Factor (JIF) has been used in assessing scientific journals. Other indices, h- and g-indices and Article Influence Score (AIS), have been developed to overcome some limitations of JIF. The aims of this study were, first, to critically assess the use of JIF and other parameters related to medical education research, and second, to discuss the capacity of these indices in assessing research productivity as well as their utility in academic promotion. The JIF of 16 medical education journals from 2000 to 2011 was examined together with the research evidence about JIF in assessing research outcomes of medical educators. …

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Source And Meteorological Influences On Air Quality (Co, Ch4 & Co2) At A Southern Hemisphere Urban Site, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Clare Paton-Walsh, David W. T Griffith, Dagmar C. Kubistin, Christopher Caldow, Jenny A. Fisher, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Graham C. Kettlewell, Martin Riggenbach, Ronald Macatangay, Paul B. Krummel, R L. Langenfelds Jan 2016

Source And Meteorological Influences On Air Quality (Co, Ch4 & Co2) At A Southern Hemisphere Urban Site, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Clare Paton-Walsh, David W. T Griffith, Dagmar C. Kubistin, Christopher Caldow, Jenny A. Fisher, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Graham C. Kettlewell, Martin Riggenbach, Ronald Macatangay, Paul B. Krummel, R L. Langenfelds

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Wollongong, Australia is an urban site at the intersection of anthropogenic, biomass burning, biogenic and marine sources of atmospheric trace gases. The location offers a valuable opportunity to study drivers of atmospheric composition in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, a record of surface carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured with an in situ Fourier transform infrared trace gas analyser between April 2011 and August 2014. Clean air was found to arrive at Wollongong in approximately 10% of air masses. Biomass burning influence was evident in the average annual cycle of clean air CO during austral spring. …

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Evaluation Of Undergraduate Nursing Students' Clinical Confidence Following A Mental Health Recovery Camp, Thomas Cowley, Susan Liersch, Lorna Moxham, Ellie K. Taylor, Renee M. Brighton, Christopher F. Patterson, Elizabeth J. Halcomb Jan 2016

Evaluation Of Undergraduate Nursing Students' Clinical Confidence Following A Mental Health Recovery Camp, Thomas Cowley, Susan Liersch, Lorna Moxham, Ellie K. Taylor, Renee M. Brighton, Christopher F. Patterson, Elizabeth J. Halcomb

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In the present study, we evaluate the impact of participation in a mental health recovery camp on the clinical confidence of undergraduate nursing students in dealing with individuals with mental illness. Twenty undergraduate nursing students who participated in the recovery camp completed the Mental Health Nursing Clinical Confidence Scale both before and directly after attending the camp. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Participation in the recovery camp was associated with a statistically-significant increase in students' level of overall confidence between the pretest and post-test data (P < 0.005). The results also demonstrated that students over the age of 25 years and who do not have a family history of mental illness are more likely to self-report a higher level of confidence in both the pre- and post-results. The clinical confidence of undergraduate nursing students improved through participation in an immersive clinical experience within the recovery camp.

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Cognitive Factors Predicting Checking, Procrastination And Other Maladaptive Behaviours: Prospective Versus Inhibitory Intolerance Of Uncertainty, Alice Fourtounas, Susan J. Thomas Jan 2016

Cognitive Factors Predicting Checking, Procrastination And Other Maladaptive Behaviours: Prospective Versus Inhibitory Intolerance Of Uncertainty, Alice Fourtounas, Susan J. Thomas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a cognitive construct which is strongly linked to psychopathology, particularly anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. IU has also been proposed to be linked to maladaptive behaviours such as checking and procrastination in uncertain situations. Additionally, two subfactors of IU have recently been identified, Prospective IU (Desire for Predictability) and Inhibitory IU (Uncertainty Paralysis). These factors may differentially predict approach and avoidance behaviours respectively, however research is lacking. This study investigated associations between IU subfactors and self-reported maladaptive behaviours. University students (n=110; 74.3% female) completed self-report measures of behaviours including checking, procrastination, general avoidance and controlling behaviours. …

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Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy: Are Pregnant Women Aware Of Its Importance?, Mercy Baafi, Catherine Lucas, Karen E. Charlton, Michelle L. Townsend, Brin F. S Grenyer Jan 2016

Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy: Are Pregnant Women Aware Of Its Importance?, Mercy Baafi, Catherine Lucas, Karen E. Charlton, Michelle L. Townsend, Brin F. S Grenyer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a poster presentation at ACM 2015 Conference, Gold Coast, 5-8 October.

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The Mesoproterozoic To Early Neoproterozoic Passive Margin Lajeado Group And Apiaí Gabbro, Southeastern Brazil, G A. C Campanha, Miguel Angelo Stipp Basei, F M. Faleiros, Allen Phillip Nutman Jan 2016

The Mesoproterozoic To Early Neoproterozoic Passive Margin Lajeado Group And Apiaí Gabbro, Southeastern Brazil, G A. C Campanha, Miguel Angelo Stipp Basei, F M. Faleiros, Allen Phillip Nutman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Lajeado Group in the Ribeira Belt, Southeastern Brazil, corresponds to an open-sea carbonate platform, comprised of seven overlapping siliciclastic and carbonatic formations, intruded in its upper portion by the Apiaí Gabbro. These rocks have a Neoproterozoic tectonometamorphic overprint related to arc magmatism and the Brasiliano collisional orogeny. Geochronological constraints are given by new U-Pb SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS data for Lajeado Group detrital zircons and for magmatic zircons from the Apiaí Gabbro. The youngest detrital zircons in the Lajeado Group are 1400-1200 Ma, and constrain its maximum age of deposition to beMa, whereas the 877 ± 8 Ma age for …

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Building Bridges In Dietary Counselling: An Exploratory Study Examining The Usefulness Of Wellness And Wellbeing Concepts, Anne Mcmahon, P C. Tay, Linda C. Tapsell, Peter G. Williams Jan 2016

Building Bridges In Dietary Counselling: An Exploratory Study Examining The Usefulness Of Wellness And Wellbeing Concepts, Anne Mcmahon, P C. Tay, Linda C. Tapsell, Peter G. Williams

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background Over the last decade, professional discourse around health ownership has been evolving to recognise an individually-driven wellness/wellbeing approach. Concurrently, dietetic competencies have changed to include client-centred counselling incorporating individual client's perspectives within dietary prescriptions. The present exploratory research aimed to explore how client-centred counselling practice was being represented in the dietetic literature and to examine dietitians' perspectives about working with clients in the current environment. Methods To explore the professional position, a literature search was conducted using keywords encompassing client-centred care and competency within professional dietetic journals (2001-2010). To develop a contextual case study, 10 in-depth interviews with dietitians …

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Tightening The Net: In Search Of Alternatives To Destructive Fishing And Meshing Programs, Andrew R. Davis, Allison Broad Jan 2016

Tightening The Net: In Search Of Alternatives To Destructive Fishing And Meshing Programs, Andrew R. Davis, Allison Broad

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Industrialised fishing has changed the ocean irrevocably. As technology improved, so the quantity and range of sea life extracted from the ocean increased.[1] The discourse of extraction, which we usually associate with the mining industry, is appropriate here because the fishing industry has for centuries pretended to itself and the world at large that fish are a renewable resource even though their actual practices constantly pushed fish populations in a non-renewable direction. Fishery statistics chronicle precipitous declines in fish resources across every ocean basin 2 as humans have become increasingly efficient at exploitation

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Health Literacy Profiles: Are They The Same For University Students Enrolled In Health Professional Degree Programs?, Judy Mullan, Pippa Burns, Kathryn M. Weston, Peter L. Mclennan, Warren C. Rich, Shelley P. Crowther, Kylie J. Mansfield, R R Dixon, E Moselen, R Osborne Jan 2016

Health Literacy Profiles: Are They The Same For University Students Enrolled In Health Professional Degree Programs?, Judy Mullan, Pippa Burns, Kathryn M. Weston, Peter L. Mclennan, Warren C. Rich, Shelley P. Crowther, Kylie J. Mansfield, R R Dixon, E Moselen, R Osborne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a poster presentation at the 2016 National Medicines Symposium, 19-20 May, Canberra, Australia.

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Earth's Oldest Mantle Fabrics Indicate Eoarchaean Subduction, Mary-Alix Kaczmarek, Steven Reddy, Allen Phillip Nutman, Clark R. L Friend, Vickie C. Bennett Jan 2016

Earth's Oldest Mantle Fabrics Indicate Eoarchaean Subduction, Mary-Alix Kaczmarek, Steven Reddy, Allen Phillip Nutman, Clark R. L Friend, Vickie C. Bennett

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The extension of subduction processes into the Eoarchaean era (4.0-3.6 Ga) is controversial. The oldest reported terrestrial olivine, from two dunite lenses within the ~3,720 Ma Isua supracrustal belt in Greenland, record a shape-preferred orientation of olivine crystals defining a weak foliation and a well-defined lattice-preferred orientation (LPO). [001] parallel to the maximum finite elongation direction and (010) perpendicular to the foliation plane define a B-type LPO. In the modern Earth such fabrics are associated with deformation of mantle rocks in the hanging wall of subduction systems; an interpretation supported by experiments. Here we show that the presence of B-type …

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Incorporating Benthic Community Changes Into Hydrochemical-Based Projections Of Coral Reef Calcium Carbonate Production Under Ocean Acidification, Emily C. Shaw, Sarah Hamylton, Stuart R. Phinn Jan 2016

Incorporating Benthic Community Changes Into Hydrochemical-Based Projections Of Coral Reef Calcium Carbonate Production Under Ocean Acidification, Emily C. Shaw, Sarah Hamylton, Stuart R. Phinn

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The existence of coral reefs is dependent on the production and maintenance of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) framework that is produced through calcification. The net production of CaCO3 will likely decline in the future, from both declining net calcification rates (decreasing calcification and increasing dissolution) and shifts in benthic community composition from calcifying organisms to non-calcifying organisms. Here, we present a framework for hydrochemical studies that allows both declining net calcification rates and changes in benthic community composition to be incorporated into projections of coral reef CaCO3 production. The framework involves upscaling net calcification rates for each benthic community type using …

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A 'Slow Pace Of Life' In Australian Old-Endemic Passerine Birds Is Not Accompanied By Low Basal Metabolic Rates, Claus Bech, Mark A. Chappell, Lee B. Astheimer, Gustavo A. Londoño, William A. Buttemer Jan 2016

A 'Slow Pace Of Life' In Australian Old-Endemic Passerine Birds Is Not Accompanied By Low Basal Metabolic Rates, Claus Bech, Mark A. Chappell, Lee B. Astheimer, Gustavo A. Londoño, William A. Buttemer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Life history theory suggests that species experiencing high extrinsic mortality rates allocate more resources toward reproduction relative to self-maintenance and reach maturity earlier ('fast pace of life') than those having greater life expectancy and reproducing at a lower rate ('slow pace of life'). Among birds, many studies have shown that tropical species have a slower pace of life than temperate-breeding species. The pace of life has been hypothesized to affect metabolism and, as predicted, tropical birds have lower basal metabolic rates (BMR) than temperate-breeding birds. However, many temperate-breeding Australian passerines belong to lineages that evolved in Australia and share 'slow' …

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N-Alkylated Isatins Evade P-Gp Mediated Efflux And Retain Potency In Mdr Cancer Cell Lines, Kara L. Vine, Lisa Belfiore, Luke A. Jones, Julie M. Locke, Samantha Wade, Elahe Minaei, Marie Ranson Jan 2016

N-Alkylated Isatins Evade P-Gp Mediated Efflux And Retain Potency In Mdr Cancer Cell Lines, Kara L. Vine, Lisa Belfiore, Luke A. Jones, Julie M. Locke, Samantha Wade, Elahe Minaei, Marie Ranson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The search for novel anticancer therapeutics with the ability to overcome multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms is of high priority. A class of molecules that show potential in overcoming MDR are the N-alkylated isatins. In particular 5,7-dibromo-N-alkylisatins are potent microtubule destabilizing agents that act to depolymerize microtubules, induce apoptosis and inhibit primary tumor growth in vivo. In this study we evaluated the ability of four dibrominated N-alkylisatin derivatives and the parent compound, 5,7-dibromoisatin, to circumvent MDR. All of the isatin-based compounds examined retained potency against the MDR cell lines; U937VbR and MES-SA/Dx5 and displayed bioequivalent dose-dependent cytotoxicity to that of the …

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The Effect Of Seasonal Ambient Temperatures On Fire-Stimulated Germination Of Species With Physiological Dormancy: A Case Study Using Boronia (Rutaceae), Berin D. E Mackenzie, Tony D. Auld, David A. Keith, Francis K. C Hui, Mark K. J Ooi Jan 2016

The Effect Of Seasonal Ambient Temperatures On Fire-Stimulated Germination Of Species With Physiological Dormancy: A Case Study Using Boronia (Rutaceae), Berin D. E Mackenzie, Tony D. Auld, David A. Keith, Francis K. C Hui, Mark K. J Ooi

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Dormancy and germination requirements determine the timing and magnitude of seedling emergence, with important consequences for seedling survival and growth. Physiological dormancy is the most widespread form of dormancy in flowering plants, yet the seed ecology of species with this dormancy type is poorly understood in fire-prone vegetation. The role of seasonal temperatures as germination cues in these habitats is often overlooked due to a focus on direct fire cues such as heat shock and smoke, and little is known about the combined effects of multiple fire-related cues and environmental cues as these are seldom assessed in combination. We aimed …

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Protein Aggregates Stimulate Macropinocytosis Facilitating Their Propagation, Justin J. Yerbury Jan 2016

Protein Aggregates Stimulate Macropinocytosis Facilitating Their Propagation, Justin J. Yerbury

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Temporal and spatial patterns of pathological changes such as loss of neurons and presence of pathological protein aggregates are characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These patterns are consistent with the propagation of protein misfolding and aggregation reminiscent of the prion diseases. There is a surge of evidence that suggests that large protein aggregates of a range of proteins are able to enter cells via macropinocytosis. Our recent work suggests that this process is activated by the binding of aggregates to the neuron cell surface. The current review considers the …

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Determination Of Antioxidant And Anticancer Activities Together With Total Phenol And Flavonoid Contents Of Cleidion Javanicum Bl. And Bridelia Retusa (L.) A. Juss, Duangsuree Sanseera, Boonsom Liawruangrath, Stephen G. Pyne, Saisunee Liawruangrath Jan 2016

Determination Of Antioxidant And Anticancer Activities Together With Total Phenol And Flavonoid Contents Of Cleidion Javanicum Bl. And Bridelia Retusa (L.) A. Juss, Duangsuree Sanseera, Boonsom Liawruangrath, Stephen G. Pyne, Saisunee Liawruangrath

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The antioxidant and anticancer activities of the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves, stems and fruits from Cleidion javanicum Bl. and Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. were investigated. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. The methanol extracts of the stems and fruits from B. retusa and the methanol extract of the leaves from C. javanicum showed the highest antioxidant activity. The methanol extract of the leaves from B. retusa possessed significant anticancer activity against KB-Oral cavity cancer (IC50=21.24 μg/mL), MCF-7 breast cancer cell (IC50=17.81 μg/mL), and NCI-H 187-small cell lung cancer (IC50 = 24.24 …

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Current Estimates Of Biogenic Emissions From Eucalypts Uncertain For Southeast Australia, Kathryn M. Emmerson, Ian E. Galbally, Alex B. Guenther, Clare Paton-Walsh, Elise-Andree Guerette, Martin Cope, Melita Keywood, Sarah J. Lawson, Suzie B. Molloy, Erin Dunne, Marcus Thatcher, Thomas Karl, Simin D. Maleknia Jan 2016

Current Estimates Of Biogenic Emissions From Eucalypts Uncertain For Southeast Australia, Kathryn M. Emmerson, Ian E. Galbally, Alex B. Guenther, Clare Paton-Walsh, Elise-Andree Guerette, Martin Cope, Melita Keywood, Sarah J. Lawson, Suzie B. Molloy, Erin Dunne, Marcus Thatcher, Thomas Karl, Simin D. Maleknia

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The biogenic emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes are one of the main drivers of atmospheric photochemistry, including oxidant and secondary organic aerosol production. In this paper, the emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes from Australian vegetation are investigated for the first time using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGANv2.1); the CSIRO chemical transport model; and atmospheric observations of isoprene, monoterpenes and isoprene oxidation products (methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone). Observations from four field campaigns during three different seasons are used, covering urban, coastal suburban and inland forest areas. The observed concentrations of isoprene …

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Responses Of Tree Species To A Severe Fire Indicate Major Structural Change To Eucalyptus-Callitris Forests, Andrew J. Denham, Ben E. Vincent, Peter J. Clarke, Tony D. Auld Jan 2016

Responses Of Tree Species To A Severe Fire Indicate Major Structural Change To Eucalyptus-Callitris Forests, Andrew J. Denham, Ben E. Vincent, Peter J. Clarke, Tony D. Auld

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In many fire-prone habitats fires may be relatively frequent but of low severity or small areal extent. However, these same habitats may occasionally be subject to large, severe fires when extreme conditions and ignitions coincide. After >50 years without significant fire, a mega-fire burnt >50,000 ha of Eucalyptus-Callitris forest in southeastern Australia. We assessed the impact of this fire on vegetation structure at a landscape scale by quantifying post-fire responses of 11 tree species over 97 sites with varying fire severity. At low severity over 60 % of Callitris trees survived by escaping crown scorch, but they were almost all …

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The Effect Of Area And Isolation On Insular Dwarf Proboscideans, Alexandra A. E Van Der Geer, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, George A. Lyras, Unggul W. Prasetyo, Rokus Awe Due, Erick Setiyabudi, Hara Drinia Jan 2016

The Effect Of Area And Isolation On Insular Dwarf Proboscideans, Alexandra A. E Van Der Geer, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, George A. Lyras, Unggul W. Prasetyo, Rokus Awe Due, Erick Setiyabudi, Hara Drinia

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim We investigated the hypothesis that insular body size of fossil elephants is directly related to isolation and surface area of the focal islands. Location Palaeo-islands worldwide. Methods We assembled data on the geographical characteristics (area and isolation) of islands and body size evolution of palaeo-insular species for 22 insular species of fossil elephants across 17 islands. Results Our results support the generality of the island rule in the sense that all but one of the elephants experienced dwarfism on islands. The smallest islands generally harbour the smallest elephants. We found no support for the hypothesis that body size of …

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