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Articles 931 - 960 of 6206
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Urban-Rural Divide In Canadian Federal Elections, 1896–2019 (Preprint), Dave Armstrong, Jack Lucas, Zack Taylor
The Urban-Rural Divide In Canadian Federal Elections, 1896–2019 (Preprint), Dave Armstrong, Jack Lucas, Zack Taylor
Western Urban and Local Governance Working Papers
Using a new measure of urbanity for every federal electoral district in Canada from 1896 to the present, this article describes the long-term development of the urban-rural in Canadian federal electoral politics. We focus on three questions: (1) when the urban-rural divide has existed in Canada, identifying three main periods – the 1920s, the 1960s, and 1993–present – in which the urban-rural cleavage has been especially important in federal elections (2) where the urban-rural divide has existed, finding that in the postwar period the urban-rural cleavage is a pan-Canadian phenomenon; and (3) how well urbanity predicts district-level election outcomes. We …
Investing In Entrepreneurship: The Sustainable Solution To Tunisia’S Youth Unemployment Crisis?, Hussein Noureldin
Investing In Entrepreneurship: The Sustainable Solution To Tunisia’S Youth Unemployment Crisis?, Hussein Noureldin
All Reports
Since the Jasmine Revolution of 2011, Tunisia’s youth unemployment crisis has worsened. As of 2020, it has the tenth highest youth unemployment rate in the world at 36.5%. Experts have long identified this as the main challenge to overcoming Tunisia’s economic woes, and reform – from the education and vocational training systems on the supply-side to the job market on the demand-side – must follow the democratic gains achieved since 2011. The failed approach in reducing regional inequality under Ben Ali had an adverse effect, creating unemployment disparities between Tunisia’s affluent coastal cities and its poorer interior regions. As such, …
Drones Are The New Proxies: Arms Diplomacy As A Turkish Foreign Policy Instrument, Sartaj Javed
Drones Are The New Proxies: Arms Diplomacy As A Turkish Foreign Policy Instrument, Sartaj Javed
All Reports
The rise of the Turkish drone program marks a fundamental shift in national security by democratizing air power, a domain traditionally dominated by the US and Israel. This transition marks an aggressive change in Turkish foreign policy and will be echoed by other nations.
Impact Of Covid-19 On The Italian And American Healthcare Systems : A Comparative Assessment, Bita Pejam, Jennifer Lam
Impact Of Covid-19 On The Italian And American Healthcare Systems : A Comparative Assessment, Bita Pejam, Jennifer Lam
All Reports
This report aims to examine and assess the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the healthcare systems of the United States of America and Italy; two of the most heavily affected nations. Using data from December 2019 to January 2021, several consultations, and policy reviews, we identify risks and notable areas of issue in each nations’ approach to combating the virus. We focus our report particularly on the health policies and the governmental structures in place that contributed to each nations’ initial method of alleviating the impact of COVID-19. Our report compares the two healthcare systems and proposes a …
Bengal Rising: Why Bangladesh & Pakistan’S Growth Trajectories Are Diverging, Sartaj Javed
Bengal Rising: Why Bangladesh & Pakistan’S Growth Trajectories Are Diverging, Sartaj Javed
All Reports
50 years after Henry Kissinger derided the nascent state of Bangladesh as an economic basket case, the country has emerged as the newest claimant to the mantle of being an Asian tiger economy. Borne out of a genocidal civil war with Pakistan, Bangladesh’s rise and Pakistan’s decline over a tumultuous half-century period necessitates a review of foreign policy orthodoxy as South Asia’s populace starts to assert its economic and political might.
Investing Into Domestic Manufacturing Of Critical Medication And Vaccines For The Federal Government, Sharon Low
Investing Into Domestic Manufacturing Of Critical Medication And Vaccines For The Federal Government, Sharon Low
All Reports
While the federal government has made numerous public announcements regarding their stimulus plan and promises to increase the domestic capacity to produce personal protective equipment, vaccines, and medical equipment, a critical aspect that has been neglected is the serious and ongoing shortages of critical medication. The government has promised to provide 4.28 billion to expand testing and contact tracing capacities, 7.5 billion towards PPE, and 500 million to the provinces and territories for “critical health care system needs and support for mitigation effects.” While these efforts as part of Trudeau’s Safe Restart Agreement are a good place to begin reducing …
Democracy During A Global Pandemic, Sharon Low
Democracy During A Global Pandemic, Sharon Low
All Reports
Throughout the course of 2020-2021, Canadians have watched and seen our country change fundamentally as a result of the pandemic, whether it be daily routine changes, to the implementation of curfews (in Quebec), or the grey lockdown situation seen throughout southern Ontario. However, the pandemic has created unique challenges that impact democracy and human rights; governments worldwide have reacted to the pandemic in ways that best serve their political interests at the expense of public health and basic freedoms, rather than seeking to protect the civil and personal securities of their citizens.
What Does A Pandemic Sound Like? The Emergence Of Covid Verbal Art, Karen E. Pennesi
What Does A Pandemic Sound Like? The Emergence Of Covid Verbal Art, Karen E. Pennesi
Anthropology Publications
In times of social upheaval, people create and engage with verbal art for entertainment and a feeling of connection. While millions of people were forced to stay home to reduce the spread of COVID‑19 from March to July 2020, verbal artists posted recorded performances online and viewers had more time than usual to watch and share them. COVID verbal art refers to songs, poems, and comedy skits that mention social and physical distancing, quarantine and isolation, hygiene and cleaning practices, everyday experiences during the pandemic, as well as social and political critiques of policies and practices that explicitly mention COVID‑19 …
Predicting Donation Behaviour With The Supernumerary Personality Inventory, Christopher M. Kowalski, Bonnie Simpson, Julie Schermer
Predicting Donation Behaviour With The Supernumerary Personality Inventory, Christopher M. Kowalski, Bonnie Simpson, Julie Schermer
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
The present study aimed to broaden the investigation of personality traits and donation behaviour beyond the Five-Factor Model (FFM) framework. A sample of 506 participants completed the Supernumerary Personality Inventory (Paunonen, 2002), reported both their frequency of charitable giving and, given the option to donate potential lottery winnings to a charitable cause, the amount that they would donate. Religiosity was moderately positively correlated with charitable frequency, while integrity was weakly positively correlated with donation amount. Manipulativeness and egotism were weakly negatively correlated with donation amount. Overall, the results show limited evidence for the relevance of Supernumerary Personality Inventory personality traits …
Structural Violence And Illicit Drug Use Among Youth Living Under Occupation In Palestine, Lian Buwadi
Structural Violence And Illicit Drug Use Among Youth Living Under Occupation In Palestine, Lian Buwadi
2021 Undergraduate Awards
There is no doubt that Palestinians are living in a politically and economically repressive sociopolitical context, due to the brutal Israeli military occupation. As stated in a report by the Palestinian National Institute of Health (PNIH), “Palestinians face political violence, house demolitions, arrests, restrictions to movement, and encroachment on their land” (2017). Moreover, “civilians suffer during conflict and war from destruction of the community infrastructure and from personal stress due to disruption of services and the non-fulfillment of basic human needs” (Giacaman et al., 2004). This often leads to severe mental duress and a higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, …
The Effects Of Parkinson’S Disease, Music Training And Dance Training On Beat Perception And Production Abilities, Prisca Hsu
2021 Undergraduate Awards
Humans naturally perceive and move to a musical beat, entraining body parts to the complex auditory stimuli through clapping, tapping and dancing. Yet the accuracy of this seemingly effortless behavior varies widely across individuals. Beat perception and production abilities can be positively impacted by past experiences, such as music and dance training, and are negatively impacted by progressive neurological changes in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In this study, we assessed the combined effects of past music or dance training and early-stage PD to determine whether the positive effects of rhythm-based training in healthy adults on beat processing abilities are altered in …
Measuring Preferences And Behaviours In The 2019 Canadian Election Study, Laura Stephenson, Allison Harell, Daniel Rubenson, Peter John Loewen
Measuring Preferences And Behaviours In The 2019 Canadian Election Study, Laura Stephenson, Allison Harell, Daniel Rubenson, Peter John Loewen
Publications
The 2019 Canadian Election Study (CES) consists of two separate surveys with campaign-period rolling cross-sections and post-election follow-ups. The parallel studies were conducted online and through an RDD-telephone survey. Both continue the long tradition of gathering information about the attitudes, opinions, preferences, and behaviours of the Canadian public. The online survey especially introduces some important innovations that open up the potential for exciting new research on subgroups in the electorate.
C-Dem Annual Report 2021, Allison Harell, Laura Stephenson
C-Dem Annual Report 2021, Allison Harell, Laura Stephenson
Annual Reports
No abstract provided.
The Stain Of A Criminal Label: Post-Release Stigmatization And Its Effects On Reintegration And Recidivism Among Ex-Offenders, Ashlee N. Quinn-Hogan
The Stain Of A Criminal Label: Post-Release Stigmatization And Its Effects On Reintegration And Recidivism Among Ex-Offenders, Ashlee N. Quinn-Hogan
Sociology Publications
The successful reintegration of ex-offenders into the community is a primary factor in reducing recidivism and protecting the public. However, successful reintegration is often hard to come by. Prior research has examined the ways in which the stigmatic labelling of ex-offenders disrupts their successful re-entry into the community. Further, studies have shown that the stigmatic labelling of ex-offenders by the community plays a prominent role in offender recidivism. The present study examines this prior research and explores how gender, age, race/ethnicity, and class determine the extent of stigmatization that offenders experience. I conclude that some marginalized groups, such as women, …
What Do We Know About Senior Citizens As Cybervictims? A Rapid Evidence Synthesis, Laura Huey, Lorna Ferguson
What Do We Know About Senior Citizens As Cybervictims? A Rapid Evidence Synthesis, Laura Huey, Lorna Ferguson
Sociology Publications
Internet-based victimization of senior citizens is an important potential threat of growing social, economic, and public policy interest. Given this, we sought to examine whether the existing research base could be used to formulate sound public policy in this area. To do so, we conducted a rapid evidence synthesis and assessment of the research literature from 2010-2020 surrounding three central organizing themes: cyber-related harms, responses and strategies, and prevention programs and solutions. Results reveal that there is an insufficient research base, lack of diverse research topics, and shortage of research beyond that of which is exploratory in nature. However, our …
Tea With Nancy: Lessons About First Nations Libraries, Community Building, And Creative Librarianship, Sara Clarke
Tea With Nancy: Lessons About First Nations Libraries, Community Building, And Creative Librarianship, Sara Clarke
Creative and Reflexive Projects
No abstract provided.
Spatial Thinking, Gender And Immaterial Affective Labour In The Post-Fordist Academic Library, Karen P. Nicholson
Spatial Thinking, Gender And Immaterial Affective Labour In The Post-Fordist Academic Library, Karen P. Nicholson
FIMS Publications
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use spatial thinking (space-time) as a lens through which to examine the ways in which the socio-economic conditions and values of the post-Fordist academy work to diminish and even subsume the immaterial affective labour of librarians even as it serves to reproduce the academy. Design/methodology/approach – The research question informing this paper asks, In what ways does spatial thinking help us to better understand the immaterial, invisible and gendered labour of academic librarians’ public service work in the context of the post-Fordist university? This question is explored using a conceptual approach …
To Sing Or To Speak: Closeness Between Mother-Infant Dyads In Different Contexts, Aislinn M. Connor
To Sing Or To Speak: Closeness Between Mother-Infant Dyads In Different Contexts, Aislinn M. Connor
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Past research has demonstrated the influence of a mother on her child’s development. This research has highlighted the importance of closeness in relationships and the abundance of positive outcomes that result from high closeness in early relations, long after infancy. This study used recordings from a previous study on mother-infant dyads to examine observable behaviours indicating closeness in infant-mother dyads, during speech and song episodes. It was hypothesized that the dyads total closeness would be higher in the song condition than the speech condition, which was validated by the results. Further analysis showed a difference in closeness scores within the …
Interactions Between Brief Virtual Exposure To Natural Environments And Psychological Well-Being, Giuliana Gn Brancato
Interactions Between Brief Virtual Exposure To Natural Environments And Psychological Well-Being, Giuliana Gn Brancato
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Interactions with nature have been associated with improved emotional well-being and attentional functioning. Nature, however, is a broad category, encompassing several ecosystems that are perceptually distinctive (e.g., forests versus countryside fields), making it unclear whether all nature environments improve well-being to similar degrees. Therefore, the current experiment assessed how viewing a brief video of different natural environments, compared to viewing a video of an urban environment, influenced subjective ratings of restoration and psychological well-being. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three video conditions, which depicted a simulated walk through a forest, a countryside field, or an urban city. Immediately …
Values Affirmation In The Treatment Of Moral Injury: A Pilot Study, Eve G. Chapnik
Values Affirmation In The Treatment Of Moral Injury: A Pilot Study, Eve G. Chapnik
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Mainly studied in the context of military veterans, “moral injury” refers to extreme guilt and shame experienced as a result of perpetrating, bearing witness to, or failing to prevent events that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations. The current pilot study aimed to examine the potential use of a brief values affirmation intervention in the treatment of moral injury associated with everyday moral transgressions. This study included 90 participants recruited from Amazon’s MTurk. Participants completed a survey in which they were assigned to complete either a values affirmation or control task, recall a moral transgression, and reflect on the …
Do Social Media Usage And The Endorsement Of Collective Values Predict Loneliness?, Caoyu Cy Pan
Do Social Media Usage And The Endorsement Of Collective Values Predict Loneliness?, Caoyu Cy Pan
Undergraduate Honours Theses
It has been suggested that an individual’s loneliness is associated with uses of social media as well as with different cultural beliefs (i.e., individualism and collectivism). However, there is little evidence about whether the time spent on social media (e.g., WeChat, Weibo, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat) and collectivism can predict loneliness in a country that embraces multi-cultures (i.e., Canada). The current study was designed to analyze the relationships between loneliness social media usage (average time spent on social media in a day) as well as the endorsement of collective values. It was expected that the higher endorsement of collective values will …
Social Media As A Predictor Of Depression Rates Among Male Versus Female Adolescents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kaylee A. Fishback
Social Media As A Predictor Of Depression Rates Among Male Versus Female Adolescents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kaylee A. Fishback
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Technology use has drastically and progressively increased as the COVID-19 pandemic has continued to unfold. Adolescents are now reliant on technology for their education, in addition to communication with friends and family (Pfefferbaum & North, 2020). With the recency of the pandemic, research on the effects of increased internet and social media use for adolescent mental health is decidedly underdeveloped. This study aimed to fill the research gap by examining how the frequency of male and female adolescents’ social media use is associated with depression rates during the pandemic by using a longitudinal design. Participants for this study included 351 …
Defining Mother-Infant Synchrony In A Speech And Song Context, Roisin A. Delaney
Defining Mother-Infant Synchrony In A Speech And Song Context, Roisin A. Delaney
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The objective of this study was to examine the behaviours observed within mother-infant dyads during speech and song play. Previous research has suggested that caregivers convey emotional meaning through vocalizations and emanate behaviours that synchronize interactions with their infants (Dissanayake, 2000; Reyna & Pickler, 2009). Research has also suggested that infants prefer infant-directed singing over speaking and that song can be used to regulate infants’ states of arousal (Nakata & Trehub, 2004). The current study was designed to extend the literature on mother-infant interactions by having mothers play with their infants while singing or speaking to them. The speech context …
Examining The Role Of Diverted Attention On Musical Motion Aftereffects, Hannah D. Cormier
Examining The Role Of Diverted Attention On Musical Motion Aftereffects, Hannah D. Cormier
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Previous studies have observed visual motion aftereffects (MAE) following prolonged exposure to both auditory and visual stimuli. As the importance of attention for MAE perception has been debated, the present study manipulated the level of attention directed to an auditory stimulus depicting motion and assessed how attention influenced MAE strength. It was hypothesized that MAE strength would be dependent on attention to the motion stimuli. 100 participants were recruited and randomly divided into either a Diverted-Attention Condition or Control Condition. Each participant completed preliminary assessments to ensure adequate auditory calibration and familiarity with the random dot kinematogram (RDK) visual motion …
2021-4 Innis Lecture: Return On Student Loans In Canada, Lance Lochner, Qian Liu, Martin Gervais
2021-4 Innis Lecture: Return On Student Loans In Canada, Lance Lochner, Qian Liu, Martin Gervais
Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers
This paper uses new administrative data with detailed borrower information and lengthy repayment histories from the Canada Student Loans Program (CSLP) to measure rates of return on undergraduate student loans. We document substantial heterogeneity in returns based on information available at the time loans were disbursed, including province of residence, field of study, and institution of attendance. Field of study is a particularly important determinant of rates of return, explaining 22% of the variation in predicted returns across borrowers. We explore the implications of this variation for CSLP cross-subsidization across borrowers and potential risk-based loan limits. Given the variation in …
2021-1 Four Decades Of Canadian Earnings Inequality And Dynamics Across Workers And Firms, Audra Bowlus, Emilien Gouin-Bonenfant, Huju Liu, Lance Lochner, Youngmin Park
2021-1 Four Decades Of Canadian Earnings Inequality And Dynamics Across Workers And Firms, Audra Bowlus, Emilien Gouin-Bonenfant, Huju Liu, Lance Lochner, Youngmin Park
Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers
No abstract provided.
From Classroom To Polling Station: A Cross-Canada Analysis Of High School Civics Curricula, Elizabeth Kozak
From Classroom To Polling Station: A Cross-Canada Analysis Of High School Civics Curricula, Elizabeth Kozak
MA Major Research Papers
Public engagement, specifically in the form of voter turnout, has been a topic of discussion in political science since its inception. With recent declines in voter turnout, especially amongst young voters, some experts have begun to fear a generational shift towards political apathy; a shift that could lead to a heavily apolitical society as the generations who value politics are replaced by those who do not. With this context in mind, scholars have been trying to understand what drives turnout, why participation matters, and predict the attitude and behaviours of the Canadian electorate. Through these queries, it has been found …
Public Health Concerns Of Cannabis In Canada: Trends In Public Opinion Before And After Legalization, Cameron O'Dette
Public Health Concerns Of Cannabis In Canada: Trends In Public Opinion Before And After Legalization, Cameron O'Dette
MA Major Research Papers
With the legalization and regulation of recreational cannabis in Canada coming into effect on October 17th, 2018, Canada became just the second country in the world to legalize the longstanding prohibited substance after first being outlawed in 1923. While public opinion throughout the country had favoured the adoption of drug-law reformation for some time, limited data existed on the health-related implications and public perceptions of cannabis use before the legislation was introduced. With little to no well-documented evidence available to base their own public policy decisions on, the federal government under newly elected Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and the Liberal …
Local Government Response To Housing Unaffordability In Three Major Canadian Cities: A Study Of Vancouver, Calgary, And Toronto, Charlotte Kurs
Local Government Response To Housing Unaffordability In Three Major Canadian Cities: A Study Of Vancouver, Calgary, And Toronto, Charlotte Kurs
MA Major Research Papers
In major cities globally, including those in Canada, many residents struggle to find affordable housing. Canadian municipalities have a growing role in responding to this issue. The objective of this paper is to investigate the municipal-level response to issues of housing affordability in three major Canadian cities: Vancouver, Calgary, and Toronto. Specifically, each city has committed to increasing the supply of affordable housing as one of its primary methods of responding to this issue. This paper provides an analysis and comparison of the goals set by each of the three case study municipalities and the real increases in affordable housing …
“Man Camps”: Temporary Housing Facilities Or Sites Of Permanent Devastation? The Cases Of British Columbia, Manitoba, And Nunavut, Jasmine Tordimah
“Man Camps”: Temporary Housing Facilities Or Sites Of Permanent Devastation? The Cases Of British Columbia, Manitoba, And Nunavut, Jasmine Tordimah
MA Major Research Papers
Violence, harassment, and sexual abuse against Indigenous women, girls, and Two-Spirit people is an issue that currently plagues our nation. There is a disproportionately high number of incidents occurring at Canadian resource extraction sites, both on “work camps,” colloquially referred to as “man camps,” and within nearby communities. While arguably the most salient consideration in the assessment process, it often does not receive the attention it requires. Consequently, this issue not only adds to the wider systemic imbalances that reproduce racist, sexist, and colonial patterns, but it further contributes to the Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) national …