Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

02. The Origins Of Nominative Case In Austronesian, Edith Aldridge

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

‘You Can’T Repeal Regret’: Targeting Men For Mobilisation In Ireland’S Abortion Debate, Kate Hunt, Amanda Friesen

Political Science Publications

This study explores how social movement organisations involved in the abortion debate in the Republic of Ireland attempted to appeal to men in their campaign messages before the 2018 referendum on the Eighth Amendment concerning abortion. We scrape social movement organisations’ Twitter accounts to conduct quantitative and qualitative content analyses of images and videos the organisations posted, and find evidence that social movement organisations sometimes extended their frames to men as voters. Social movement organisations evoked themes of hegemonic masculinity in their imagery and messaging, though these themes were not a large portion of overall campaign tweets and there were …

“I Actually Got My First Job Through My Ex-Colleague”: Employment-Related Information Seeking Behavior Of Bangladeshi Immigrants In Canada, Nafiz Zaman Shuva

FIMS Publications

This study explores the employment-related information seeking behaviour of Bangladeshi immigrants in Canada. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 Bangladeshi immigrants in Ontario, Canada, and obtained 205 survey responses. The study highlights the centrality of employment-related settlement among Bangladeshi immigrants in Ontario and reports many immigrants not being able to utilize their education and skills after arrival in Canada. The results show that Bangladeshi immigrants utilize various information sources for their employment in Canada, including friends and professional colleagues, online searchers, and settlement agencies. Although Bangladeshi immigrants utilized a large array of information sources for …

Intrinsic Functional Clustering Of Ventral Premotor F5 In The Macaque Brain, Saloni Sharma, David J. Schaeffer, Kasper Vinken, Stefan Everling, Koen Nelissen

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2020 Neurophysiological and anatomical data suggest the existence of several functionally distinct regions in the lower arcuate sulcus and adjacent postarcuate convexity of the macaque monkey. Ventral premotor F5c lies on the postarcuate convexity and consists of a dorsal hand-related and ventral mouth-related field. The posterior bank of the lower arcuate contains two additional premotor F5 subfields at different anterior-posterior levels, F5a and F5p. Anterior to F5a, area 44 has been described as a dysgranular zone occupying the deepest part of the fundus of the inferior arcuate. Finally, area GrFO occupies the most rostral portion of the fundus and …

Effects Of Phase Regression On High-Resolution Functional Mri Of The Primary Visual Cortex, Olivia W. Stanley, Alan B. Kuurstra, L. Martyn Klassen, Ravi S. Menon, Joseph S. Gati

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

High-resolution functional MRI studies have become a powerful tool to non-invasively probe the sub-millimeter functional organization of the human cortex. Advances in MR hardware, imaging techniques and sophisticated post-processing methods have allowed high resolution fMRI to be used in both the clinical and academic neurosciences. However, consensus within the community regarding the use of gradient echo (GE) or spin echo (SE) based acquisition remains largely divided. On one hand, GE provides a high temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) technique sensitive to both the macro- and micro-vascular signal while SE based methods are more specific to microvasculature but suffer from lower tSNR …

The Experiences Of Iraqi Refugees In Canada: A Life History Study Of War And Resilience In The Aftermath Of Migration, Nada Nessan

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis reports on a life history narrative on the experiences of Iraqi refugees who resettled in Canada after living through war. The aim of this study is to help change the narrow perspectives on the mental health of war affected populations to a broader perception shaped by cultural and social aspects and to inform the development of meaningful and cultural relevant programs and policies with a particular attention to the concept of resilience.

The first part of the study presents the chronological narratives, or profiles. of eight participants. The second part of the study is a thematic discussion of …

Is Motor Excitability Modulated By Isochronous Rhythms?, Syed Z. Raza

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Humans perceive and synchronize to regularity in auditory temporal sequences. Auditory regularity activates motor areas, but how the timing of motor responses relates to the regularity is unclear. Thus, we examined whether motor excitability, an index of motor activity, fluctuated to an isochronous sequence and characterized the timing of these fluctuations. Participants heard isochronous tones followed by a short silence, during which they imagined the tones continuing. Using single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we indexed excitability throughout the sequence. Cosine models were fit to constructed excitability timecourses to quantify periodicity of the excitability fluctuations. Motor excitability did not fluctuate …

Interpersonal Polyvictimization: Addressing The Care Planning Needs Of Traumatized Children And Youth, Shannon L. Stewart Dr., Natalia Lapshina, Valbona Semovski

Education Publications

Background: Exposure to maltreatment has a detrimental impact on both physical and mental health. However, research on the relationship between polyvictimization and care planning needs is scarce.

Objectives: This study investigated the associations between interpersonal polyvictimization and care planning needs for children and youth, controlling for sex and age differences.

Participants and Settings: The sample included 18,701 children and youth (M_age = 12.33, SD_age = 3.53) between 4 and 18 years. Participants were recruited from over 58 mental health agencies, facilities, and schools in Ontario, Canada between November 2012 and February 2020.

Methods: Multivariate binary logistic …

Visualizing Anishinaabe Ceramics: A Collaborative Approach To Digital Archaeology, Hillary V. Kiazyk

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis explores how collaboration can enrich and inform a digital-archaeological project and the process of braiding interests of archaeologists and Indigenous community partners. Research was conducted in partnership with the staff from the Ojibwe Cultural Foundation (OCF) on Manitoulin Island. We focused on the production of a digital model and 3D print of Anishinaabe ceramics from the Providence Bay archaeological site. The OCF wanted the material culture from Providence Bay accessible to community members as the ceramics themselves were too fragile for display or teaching without risking further damage. A 3D print of a Providence Bay vessel was produced …

Tackling The 3 P'S In An Lsp Migration: Policies, Procedures, And (Best) Practices For Technical Services, Alie Visser, Christina Zoricic, Annabelle Drobniak

Western Libraries Presentations

This session reviews an approach to refreshing policies, procedures, and practices following a migration to a library services platform (LSP). Using a method of intensive collaboration, we revised and developed new workflows to optimize consortial and international standards while evaluating and updating local policies and procedures with a critical eye. We designed templates and procedures incorporating standards established by Collaborative Futures partners, and including other international standards, such as CONSER, RDA, BIBCO and PCC.

Bracing For Impact: A Review Of Ontario Municipalities’ Budgeting & Alignment To Asset Management, Jonathon Graham

MPA Major Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to investigate emerging best practices in the municipal sector arising from the implementation of Ontario Regulation 588/17 – Asset Management Planning for Municipal Infrastructure and to assess the extent to which these best practices have been adopted by Ontario municipalities. The sample pool consists of three municipalities, falling into two tier levels of municipal government. Tiers are defined by characteristics such as population and density, which often correlates to a municipalities asset inventory. The lower tier municipalities in the sample are the Town of Minto and the Town of Petrolia. The single tier sample …

Western University Open Access (Oa) Policy Consultations, Bobby Glushko, Courtney L. Waugh

Western Libraries Presentations

This presentation was developed to guide campus wide open access policy consultations at Western University on behalf of the Provost's Task Force on Open Access.

Cracking The Code Of Place Value: The Relationship Between Place And Value Takes Years To Master, Pierina Cheung, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Place value, which underlies the meanings of multidigits, encompasses the principle of position and base-10 rules. To understand 65, one needs to know that the digits 6 and 5 occupy different positions and thus represent ordered values of different magnitudes (i.e., the principle of position) and that the value of each position is determined by base-10 rules (i.e., the rightmost position is 100, followed by 101, 102, etc.). Without the principle of position, children cannot construct meanings for multidigits. Previous studies have shown that children do not know the exact value of digit positions until the early elementary school years, …

Schrödinger Filtering: A Precise Eeg Despiking Technique For Eeg-Fmri Gradient Artifact, Gabriel B. Benigno, Ravi S. Menon, Hacene Serrai

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

In EEG data acquired in the presence of fMRI, gradient-related spike artifacts contaminate the signal following the common preprocessing step of average artifact subtraction. Spike artifacts compromise EEG data quality since they overlap with the EEG signal in frequency, thereby confounding frequency-based inferences on activity. As well, spike artifacts can inflate or deflate correlations among time series, thereby confounding inferences on functional connectivity. We present Schrödinger filtering, which uses the Schrödinger equation to decompose the spike-containing input. The basis functions of the decomposition are localized and pulse-shaped, and selectively capture the various input peaks, with the spike components clustered at …

L-Theanine Prevents Long-Term Affective And Cognitive Side Effects Of Adolescent Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure And Blocks Associated Molecular And Neuronal Abnormalities In The Mesocorticolimbic Circuitry, Marta De Felice, Justine Renard, Roger Hudson, Hanna J. Szkudlarek, Brian J. Pereira, Susanne Schmid, Walter J. Rushlow, Steven R. Laviolette

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Chronic adolescent exposure to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is linked to elevated neuropsychiatric risk and induces neuronal, molecular and behavioral abnormalities resembling neuropsychiatric endophenotypes. Previous evidence has revealed that the mesocorticolimbic circuitry, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway are particularly susceptible to THC-induced pathologic alterations, including dysregulation of DAergic activity states, loss of PFC GABAergic inhibitory control and affective and cognitive abnormalities. There are currently limited pharmacological intervention strategies capable of preventing THC-induced neuropathological adaptations. L-Theanine is an amino acid analog of L-glutamate and L-glutamine derived from various plant sources, including green tea leaves. L-Theanine has previously been …

Ancient Egyptian Subadult Mummies: Unwrapping Childhood In The Ancient Past, Jillian A. Graves

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study documents the analysis of 21 subadult Ancient Egyptian mummies, spanning from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period, held on the Internet Mummy Picture Archiving and Communication Technology (IMPACT) database (Nelson & Wade, 2015), as well as a single first-hand osteobiographical analysis (Appendix A). The primary objective of this research is to determine if subadult Ancient Egyptian mummies were treated differently than their adult counterparts, paying specific attention to the potential for marked life history stages within subadulthood, as well as any temporal trends that may be observed. It was previously suggested that head positioning in the Graeco/Roman …

Canada Still Has Obligation To Participate In Good Faith In Negotiations On Nuclear Disarmament, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

The article emphasizes Canada's ongoing responsibility to actively engage in nuclear disarmament negotiations. Despite NATO's collective opposition, there is a call for Canada to consider the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons and support the UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). The TPNW, endorsed by 122 nations, aims to establish a legally binding process to ban nuclear weapons, yet Canada and its NATO allies voted against it. The treaty reached the necessary ratifications to enter into force in January 2021, marking a significant step toward global nuclear disarmament. Critics argue that NATO's stance does not absolve its members …

Harold Innis’S Concept Of Bias: Its Intellectual Origins And Misused, Edward Comor

FIMS Publications

Harold Innis is one of the foundational theorists of media and communications studies. In the mid-20th century, he developed his concept of media bias (also called the bias of communication). It remains Innis’s most cited concept, but it is also significantly misunderstood. For example, since his death in 1952, bias has often been applied in ways that are akin to a form of technological or media determinism. This has been an ongoing problem despite the fact that Innis developed his concept as a means of compelling analysts to reject such mechanistic formulations. Indeed, his goal was to promote more self-reflective …

Place, Community Ownership And The Role Of Leaseholders Within The Social Dynamics Of Wind Energy Projects In Two Ontario Communities, Parveen Grewal

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

To understand better why wind turbines continue to be polarizing at the local level, experiences of residents in two rural communities in Ontario, Canada were gathered through 31 in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed with the help of NVivo. The qualitative, inductive study, utilizing a modified grounded theory approach, captured views on community ownership at the community level. Both cases were initiated to be community-owned, allowing for an exploration of why attempts at community ownership failed to materialize at both sites. Close examination of the places – landscapes and people – that constituted community, expanded understandings of how place identities, place …

From Stateless People To Citizens: The Reformulation Of Territory And Identity In India-Bangladesh Border Enclaves, Md Rashedul Alam

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This dissertation analyzes nation-building in hitherto ungoverned territories of two Indian chhitmahals in Bangladesh and explores the transformation of their residents from stateless Indian nationals to citizens of Bangladesh. Chhitmahals comprised nearly two hundred enclaves located along the Bangladesh-India border that belonged to one country but were located inside another’s territory. Chhitmahals came into existence with the partition of India in 1947; their non-contiguous locations kept them without state administration and citizenship rights. People developed political councils and adopted illicit practices to survive in the absence of the state, but the impossibility of exercising sovereignty in chhitmahals led Bangladesh and …

The Multiplicity Of Caregiving Burden: A Qualitative Analysis Of Families With Prolonged Disorders Of Consciousness., Laura E Gonzalez-Lara, Sarah Munce, Jennifer Christian, Adrian M Owen, Charles Weijer, Fiona Webster

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Objective: To understand the multiple and sometimes conflicting roles substitute decision makers (SDMs) of individuals in a vegetative state (VS), minimally conscious state (MCS), or with locked-in syndrome (LIS) perform while caring for a loved one and the competing priorities derived from these roles.Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews using a constructive-grounded theory design. Twelve SDMs, who were also family members for 11 patients, were interviewed at two time points (except one) for a total of 21 in-depth interviews.Results: Participants described that caregiving is often the central role which they identify as their top priority …

Sharing Voxelwise Neuroimaging Results From Rhesus Monkeys And Other Species With Neurovault, Andrew S. Fox, Daniel Holley, Peter Christiaan Klink, Spencer A. Arbuckle, Carol A. Barnes, Jörn Diedrichsen, Sze Chai Kwok, Colin Kyle, J. Andrew Pruszynski, Jakob Seidlitz, Xu Feng Zhou, Russell A. Poldrack, Krzysztof J. Gorgolewski

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2020 The Authors Animal neuroimaging studies can provide unique insights into brain structure and function, and can be leveraged to bridge the gap between animal and human neuroscience. In part, this power comes from the ability to combine mechanistic interventions with brain-wide neuroimaging. Due to their phylogenetic proximity to humans, nonhuman primate neuroimaging holds particular promise. Because nonhuman primate neuroimaging studies are often underpowered, there is a great need to share data amongst translational researchers. Data sharing efforts have been limited, however, by the lack of standardized tools and repositories through which nonhuman neuroimaging data can easily be archived …

In Understanding The Makings Of An Extremist, There's A Lot Of Work Ahead, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

The article explores the complexities and challenges of understanding and preventing extremism, particularly in light of the Capitol riot. It highlights the importance of addressing the root causes of extremism, such as socio-economic disparities, political polarization, and misinformation. The piece emphasizes that extremist behaviors are often the result of a combination of personal grievances and broader societal issues. It discusses the role of social media in radicalizing individuals and spreading extremist ideologies, noting that platforms can both enable and disrupt extremist networks. The article also underscores the necessity of a multi-faceted approach to counter-extremism, involving law enforcement, community engagement, mental …

The Political Implications Of Undrip In Canada, Alden J. Eakins

All Briefs

No abstract provided.

2021-2 A Category For Extensive-Form Games, Peter A. Streufert

Department of Economics Research Reports

No abstract provided.

2021-6 The Inner Workings Of A Hub-And-Spoke Cartel In The Automotive Fuel Industry, Daniel Chaves, Marco Duarte

Department of Economics Research Reports

We analyze a hub-and-spoke cartel in the Brazilian automotivefuel industry. Using the court documents and detailed data on the supply chain we uncover three mechanisms beyond information sharing used by wholesalers (hub) to help retailers (spokes) solve the obstacles of price coordination: vertical transfers across asymmetric spokes; subsidies during punishment; and cost stabilization. We argue that wholesalers benefited from the cartel by being the exclusive supplier during the scheme. We use the synthetic control approach to quantify how successful the cartel was in increasing markups. We find that not only retailers, but wholesalers benefited from the cartel.

2021-5 Lucas (1972), A Personal View From The Wrong Side Of The Subsequent Fifty Years, David Laidler

Department of Economics Research Reports

Lucas (1972) was a paper that permanently changed the course of macroeconomics, even though its “money supply surprise” model lost its central place in the area within a decade because of empirical difficulties. However, Lucas’s novel methodology, based on clearing markets and rational expectations, still dominates orthodox macroeconomic theorising. An unfortunate side effect of this has been that, because mainstream models have no analytic room for money to play a key role in economic activity, the theoretical case for taking that role seriously was undermined just at the time when traditional monetarist macro-models were facing empirical problems. The consequences of …

What Moves You?: Georges Didi-Huberman’S Arts Of Passage And Pittsburgh Stories Of Migration, Alexandra Irimia

Languages and Cultures Publications

Contemporary art historian, critic, and theorist Georges Didi-Huberman thinks of images not as static objects, but as movements, passages, and gestures of memory and/or desire. For the French “historian of passing images,” as he has been called, “all images are migrants. Images are migrations. They are never simply local” (D2017). His book, Passer, quoi qu'il en coûte ("To Pass at Any Price"), co-written with the Greek poet and director Niki Giannari, takes on precisely the visual dynamics of passages, passengers, and passageways in the context of contemporary migration flows. In April 2018, only several months after the launching of the …

2021-2 Why Do Couples And Singles Save During Retirement?, Mariacristina De Nardi, Eric French, John Bailey Jones, Rory Mcgee

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.

2021-3 Wages, Skills, And Skill-Biased Technical Change: The Canonical Model Revisited, Audra J. Bowlus, Lance Lochner, Chris Robinson, Eda Suleymanoglu

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.