Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Collaborating For Student Success: An E-Mail Survey Of U.S. Libraries And Writing Centers, Holly A. Jackson

University Libraries' Staff Publications

After re-starting a collaborative partnership between the library and writing center at wright state university, the librarians and writing center staff involved wanted to compare data with other existing collaborations. With a limited amount of data available in current literature, they conducted an e-mail survey of librarians, writing center staff, and writing tutoring services staff from across the country. This survey found that the majority of participants had a writing center on campus and that around two-thirds of respondents had an existing partnership. The scope of these collaborations varied and many commented on a need for more communication, planning, and …

Dunbar Library Building Use Study, Mandy Shannon, Donna Bobb, Phil Flynn, Sue Polanka, Matthew Shreffler, Bette S. Sydelko

University Libraries' Staff Publications

The Dunbar Library Building Use Report is a comprehensive examination of the ways the building is used and the changes that are necessary to accommodate the evolving needs of students, faculty, and staff.

Librarians In The Midst: Improving Student Research Through Collaborative Instruction, Mandy Shannon, Vaughn Shannon

University Libraries' Staff Publications

We test whether and how well the presence of an embedded librarian improves the quality of student research. Students in introductory-level courses tend to have very low levels of research skills and experience. Though faculty are frustrated by this lack of skills, both students and faculty tend to have only a peripheral knowledge of the role librarians can play in helping develop their research skills. Studies suggest that embedding librarians into course instruction is the preferred method for improving students’ research skills, yet the political science teaching and learning literature rarely addresses this issue, or focus on single class experiences, …

Preservation Perspectives: Family Photographs, Part I-Identification, Bill Stolz

University Libraries' Staff Publications

The author opines on identification of photographs. Topics discussed include identifying the type of photographs through the online chart by The Northeast Document Conservation Center, scanning and email the image to family members, and noticing clothing, hats, and hair, and checking the background and objects in the photograph.

A Study Of Social Web Data On Buprenorphine Abuse Using Semantic Web Technology, Raminta Daniulaityte, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

The Specific Aims of this application are to use a paradigmatic approach that combines Semantic Web technology, Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning techniques to:

1) Describe drug users’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to the non-medical use of Suboxone and Subutex as discussed on Web-based forums.
2) Identify and describe temporal patterns of non-medical use of Suboxone and Subutex as discussed on Web-based forums.

The research was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of members of the Center for Interventions, Treatment and Addictions Research (CITAR) and the Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge- enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis) at Wright State …

Co-Evolution Of Rdf Datasets, Sidra Faisal, Kemele M. Endris, Saeedeh Shekarpour, Sören Auer, Maria-Esther Vidal

Kno.e.sis Publications

Linking Data initiatives have fostered the publication of large number of RDF datasets in the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud, as well as the development of query processing infrastructures to access these data in a federated fashion. However, different experimental studies have shown that availability of LOD datasets cannot be always ensured, being RDF data replication required for envisioning reliable federated query frameworks. Albeit enhancing data availability, RDF data replication requires synchronization and conflict resolution when replicas and source datasets are allowed to change data over time, i.e., co-evolution management needs to be provided to ensure consistency. In this paper, …

Building The Web Of Knowledge With Smart Iot Applications, Amelie Gyrard, Pankesh Patel, Amit P. Sheth, Martin Serrano

Kno.e.sis Publications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is experiencing fast adoption because of its positive impact to change all aspects of our lives, from agriculture in rural areas, to health and wellness, to smart home and smart-x applications in cities. The development of IoT applications and deployment of smart IoT-based solutions is just starting; smart IoT applications will modify our physical world and our interaction with cyber spaces, from how we remotely control appliances at home to how we care for patients or elderly persons. The massive deployment of IoT devices represents a tremendous economic impact and at the same time offers …

Are American Universities Mismanaged?: Tenure Vs Non-Tenure Faculty Employment Decisions, G. Thomas Sav

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper empirically tests the extent to which public universities in the United States are potentially mismanaged. The focus rests with university managerial employment decisions regarding the continuing substitution of less costly non-tenure track teaching faculty for tenured and tenure track faculty and the extent to which those decisions affect student graduation success. Panel data covering ten academic years, 2004-05 through 2013-14 are employed using ordinary least squares and stochastic frontier analysis specifications. The latter provides tests of the inefficiency effects of managerial employment decisions and academic year estimates of technical efficiency. In both cases, the results provide statistically strong …

Heterogeneous Versus Homogeneous Measures: A Meta-Analysis Of Predictive Efficacy, Suzanne Lee Dean

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A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the predictive validity and adverse impact of homogeneous and heterogeneous predictors on objective and subjective criteria for different sales roles. Because job performance is a dynamic and complex construct, I hypothesized that equally complex, heterogeneous predictors would have stronger correlations with objective and subjective criteria than homogeneous predictors. Forty-seven independent validation studies (N = 3,378) qualified for inclusion in this study. In general, heterogeneous predictors did not demonstrate significantly stronger correlations with the performance criteria than homogeneous predictors. Notably, heterogeneous predictors did not demonstrate adverse impact on protected classes. One noteworthy finding was that …

Cognition Of Shared Decision Making: The Case Of Multiple Sclerosis, Katherine Domjan Lippa

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The increasing emphasis in the medical community on shared decision making and patient centered care suggests that patients play a role in their care, but research on clinical reasoning almost exclusively addresses practitioner cognition. As patient involvement increases, it is important to understand the effect patients have on clinical cognition. This necessitates moving beyond a model that equates clinical cognition with practitioner cognition to incorporate the influence of patient cognition and dyadic patient-practitioner cognition. In this dissertation, I suggest that patient-practitioner interactions constitute a distributed cognitive system. As a result patient cognition and the nature of the interaction inherently contribute …

Interaction Of Top-Down And Bottom-Up Search With Magnocellular- And Parvocellular-Mediated Stimuli, James Samuel Garrett

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The current study simultaneously examined the potentiality of a magnocellular attentional advantage and the competition between top-down and bottom-up processing on attention during visual search as measured by covert and overt visual attention. Specifically, the study tested two opposing views of the competition between top-down and bottom-up processing. The contingent involuntary orienting hypothesis (Folk, Remington, & Johnston, 1992), states that goal directed search is not affected by target-irrelevant stimuli. In contrast, the distractor interference paradigm (Theeuwes, 1994), states that goal directed search can be affected by target-irrelevant stimuli if more salient than the rest of the search array. The study …

Spatial Knowledge Acquisition On Gps Navigational Map Displays: Influence Of Landmarks On Sequentially Presented, Partial Maps, Caitlan A. Rizzardo

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Current car navigation systems use maps that show part of a region and are sequentially presented as the driver moves along a route, displaying information that is relevant to immediate guidance, such as the surrounding streets and turn indicators. Rizzardo, Colle, McGregor, and Wylie (2013) have shown that sequentially presented, partial maps populated with landmark objects can also facilitate spatial knowledge acquisition. Spatial knowledge is useful for evaluating GPS instructions and navigating after the fact. However, the optimal number of landmarks on map segments has not been extensively tested. The Object-Based Spatial-Episodic Representations for Visual Environments (OBSERVE) theory indicates that …

Hiv/Aids Health Policy, Feminism, Backlash, And Anti-Lgbt Attitudes In Uganda, Michael Andrew Wilson

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As LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community organizing becomes increasingly common internationally, backlash also increased in frequency. This research examines the observed increase in violence against the Ugandan LGBT people from 2006-2014 as well as how this violence was exacerbated by international pressures in response to HIV/AIDS and local actors. This research also focuses on how those pressures from international agents affected the successes of the Ugandan feminist movement.

A Bifactor Model Of Burnout? An Item Response Theory Analysis Of The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, David Andrew Periard

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Burnout is a syndrome-composed of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment-resulting from chronic stress. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS; Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996) is the most popular measure of burnout. Unfortunately, the MBI-HSS has flaws including highly correlated traits and low subscale reliabilities. I tested a bifactor model for the MBI-HSS based on the work by Meszaros, Adam, Svabo, Szigeti, and Urban (2014) using item response theory. Bifactor models specify a general factor that underlies all the items within a scale and specific factors that underlie the subscale items; also, all factors are orthogonal. I …

Understanding The Use Of Online Health Information Technology By People With And Without Visual Disabilities, John K. Kegley

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The Internet has become a platform that many users, governments, corporations, and other organizations hope to leverage in order to support a dynamic and effective physician-patient partnership. However, many researchers have identified significant shortcomings with the current online health information domain. This research examined the use of online health information technology (HIT) by individuals with and without visual disabilities. Two studies were conducted to understand online health information searching behaviors of individuals with and without disabilities. The impact of providing relevant search keywords to participants, and the impact of stress appraisals upon health information search behavior and HIT website usage …

An Unrelenting Past: Historical Memory In Japan And South Korea, Hannah Elisabeth Collins

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Every population maintains collective memories which provide meaning and identity for members (Langenbache, 2003). Elites have exerted influence on what is being remembered and the interpretation of the remembrances for specific objects, through the concept of historical memory. Wang (2012) has shown that authoritarian governments leverage historical memory to increase legitimacy. Similarly, Bernhard and Kubik (2014) have demonstrated that transitioning democracies also benefit from elite use of historical memory for consolidation. The lack of studies concerning consolidated democracies' use of historical memory raises many questions, including whether consolidated democracies manipulate historical memory for the purpose of legitimacy? I contend that, …

The Effect Of Tactile And Audio Feedback In Handheld Mobile Text Entry, Christopher L. Edman

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Effects of tactile and audio feedback are examined in the context of touchscreen and mobile use. Prior experimental research is graphically summarized by task type (handheld text entry, tabletop text entry, non-text input), tactile feedback type (active, passive), and significant findings, revealing a research gap evaluating passive tactile feedback in handheld text entry (a.k.a. "texting"). A passive custom tactile overlay is evaluated in a new experiment wherein 24 participants perform a handheld text entry task on an iPhone under four tactile and audio feedback conditions with measures of text entry speed and accuracy. Results indicate audio feedback produces better performance, …

Explaining Race Differences In Academic Performance: The Role Of Perceived Expectations & Outcome Valence, Devin Christopher Houston

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Differences between whites and blacks in academic performance are well documented in the research literature. Past research has focused more on stable factors, such as personality and cognitive ability, to try to explain race and gender differences. However, past research has not focused enough on the examination of malleable and socially influenced factors, such as valence of education and perceived parental and friend expectations. In addition, differences between the academic performances of certain groups might not be due to race but due to factors that covary with race. These factors may be unaccounted for while race is being used as …

Detecting Insufficient Effort Responding: An Item Response Theory Approach, Tyler Douglas Barnes

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Insufficient Effort Responding (IER) is prevalent enough in self-report data to cause issues with construct validity. There are many ways to detect IER, but they are less than ideal as they each detect different forms of IER. I compared an Item Response Theory (IRT) approach consisting of the lz person-fit statistic and the Person Fluctuation Parameter (PFP) to longstring, non-consecutive longstring, even-odd split, and psychological synonyms indices. I simulated 3200 samples with one of four types of random responding: consecutive responding, non-consecutive patterned responding, random responding following a normal distribution, and random responding following a uniform distribution. Also, I generated …

Feminist International Relations And “Epistemic Blank Spots”: Entrenching Hegemony?, Jasmine Underwood

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Feminist International Relations (IR) theory and literature critiques the traditional theoretical foundations of international politics, policy, and academia. Viewing the world as a dynamic set of socioeconomic systems and structures, feminists look at the foundations of these institutions, their interactions, and how they impact marginalized groups. Although given that a few of the most prominent feminist International Relations scholars share some of the same socioeconomic and regional roots as their counterparts within mainstream IR, these feminist theorists may have their own sociocultural epistemological issues. Using a critical discourse analysis, this study analyzed if—and how—the background of several leading feminist IR …

How Configural Is The Configural Superiority Effect? A Neuroimaging Investigation Of Emergent Features In Visual Cortex, Olivia Michelle Fox

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The perception of a visual stimulus is dependent not only upon local features, but also on the arrangement of those features. When stimulus features are perceptually well organized, a global configuration with a high degree of salience emerges from the interactions between these features, often referred to as emergent features. Emergent features can be demonstrated in the Configural Superiority Effect (CSE): presenting a stimulus within an organized context relative to its presentation in a disarranged one results in better performance. Prior neuroimaging work on the perception of emergent features regards the CSE as an "all or none" phenomenon, focusing on …

Stop With The Questions Already! The Effects Of Questionnaire Length And Monetary Incentives On Insufficient Effort Responding., Anthony Gibson

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Insufficient Effort Responding (IER) can negatively impact self-report data quality. The purpose of the current study was to investigate questionnaire length as a predictor of IER and to examine whether the presence of a monetary incentive moderates the relationship between questionnaire length and IER. I predicted that participants who were assigned to complete longer questionnaires would engage in more IER than would respondents who were assigned to complete shorter questionnaires. I predicted that the effects of questionnaire length on IER would be minimized by the presence of a monetary incentive to respond carefully. Using a sample of undergraduate students (N …

Generalizability Of Predictive Performance Optimizer Predictions Across Learning Task Type, Haley Pace Wilson

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The purpose of my study is to understand the relationship of learning and forgetting rates estimated by a cognitive model at the level of the individual and overall task performance across similar learning tasks. Cognitive computational models are formal representations of theories that enable better understanding and prediction of dynamic human behavior in complex environments (Adner, Polos, Ryall, & Sorenson, 2009). The Predictive Performance Optimizer (PPO) is a cognitive model and training aid based in learning theory that tracks quantitative performance data and also makes predictions for future performance. It does so by estimating learning and decay rates for specific …

A Computational Model Of The Temporal Processing Characteristics Of Visual Priming In Search, Jordan M. Haggit

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When people look through the environment their eyes are guided in part by what they have recently seen. This phenomenon, referred to as visual priming, is studied in the laboratory through manipulations of stimulus repetition. Typically, in search tasks, response times are speeded when the same target is repeated relative to when it is changed (e.g., Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994). Although priming is thought to be based on a memory mechanism in the visual system, there is a debate in the literature as to whether such a mechanism is driven by relatively early (e.g., feature-based accounts) or later (e.g., episodic …

Determining The Significance Of Alliance Pathologies In Bipolar Systems: A Case Of The Peloponnesian War From 431-421 Bce, Anthony Lee Meyer

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The literature proposes that bipolar systems and international systems with nuclear weapons will not have significant issues with alliance pathologies. But are alliance pathologies really insignificant in Bipolar Systems? The problem is that the literature only describes bipolar systems with nuclear weapons, so one cannot discern whether bipolarity or nuclear weapons alone are responsible for the insignificance of these alliance pathologies. So to solve this problem, this paper will examine a bipolar system in Classical Greece during the time of the Peloponnesian War to isolate any possible influence that nuclear weapons may have on alliance pathologies. This will be done …

The Influence Of Implicit And Explicit Gender Bias On Grading, And The Effectiveness Of Rubrics For Reducing Bias, Sarah Marie Jackson

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The effect of implicit bias on discriminatory grading in education has received considerable attention but, to date, no study has examined the effectiveness of using a rubric to reduce biased grading. Current research has demonstrated that the presence of a gender-normative name is sufficient to activate implicit gender bias, which can result in disparate treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of implicit and explicit gender bias on grading decisions for written assignments. When grading identical essays on the topic of computers (stereotypically-male), participants assigned significantly lower grades when the essay was supposedly written by a …

Levels Of Self-Compassion Among Injured Division I Athletes, Samantha Sanderson

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While there are numerous health benefits that result from engaging in athletics, sport participation also comes with an intrinsic risk of injury. In order to understand the injury process (i.e., injury risk factors and recovery variables), researchers have used various models to conceptualize preinjury risk factors and postinjury response. Although personality factors, stress, coping skills, emotional response, and other factors have been studied, self-compassion is a relatively new construct to the western world that has not been examined in the injured athlete population. Self-compassion requires being kind to oneself and taking a nonjudgmental approach to one's suffering. High self-compassion is …

Influences Of Masculinity On Health Behaviors, Tessa Louise Miracle

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Gender schema explains the processes by which gender stereotypes become so psychologically ingrained in individuals in our society, but how does gender schema impact health care practices? The purpose of this study was to investigate how ingrained gender stereotypes not only influence day to day activities but also impact health, by limiting health protective and help seeking behaviors. The Masculine Behavior Scale (MBS) was used to determine if men with strong gender schemata engage in health risking behavior more than men with a weaker gender schemata or women of any gender schemata. To investigate the mediating effect gender has on …

Changes In State Suspicion Across Time: An Examination Of Dynamic Effects, Steve Khazon

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State Information Technology (IT) suspicion is the simultaneous action of uncertainty, mal-intent, and cognitive activity about underlying information that is being electronically generated, collated, sent, analyzed, or implemented by an external agent (Bobko, Barelka, & Hirshfield, 2014). Understanding IT suspicion is important in both military and civilian contexts as both are growing increasingly reliant on automation to augment human performance (e.g., Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, & Zickuhr, 2010). The current process model of state IT suspicion describes how suspicion arises and its immediate correlates. Little is known about how suspicion changes over time and what factors influence this change. Drawing upon …

Identification And Examination Of Key Components Of Active Learning, Darrell Scott Kelly

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The purpose of this study was to examine key components of active learning. I hypothesized that feedback, accountability, and guided exploration were key components of active learning. I collected survey data from second year medical students (N = 103) in three different active learning interventions: peer instruction (PI), team-based learning (TBL), and problem-based learning (PBL), at six time points. My results did not consistently support my hypotheses. However, I observed a pattern of differences concerning feedback and accountability in the predicted direction in all three interventions. Feedback had a positive effect on professionalism in both PI and PBL, and accountability …