Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Contemporary Privacy Theory Contributions To Learning Analytics, Jennifer Heath

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

With the continued adoption of learning analytics in higher education institutions, vast volumes of data are generated and "big data" related issues, including privacy, emerge. Privacy is an ill-defined concept and subject to various interpretations and perspectives, including those of philosophers, lawyers, and information systems specialists. This paper provides an overview of privacy and considers the potential contribution contemporary privacy theories can make to learning analytics. Conclusions reflect on the suitability of these theories towards the advancement of learning analytics and future research considers the importance of hearing the student voice in this space.

Clarifying Inhibitory Control: Diversity And Development Of Attentional Inhibition, Steven J. Howard, Janice Johnson, Juan Pascual-Leone

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Attentional inhibition is the ability to suppress task-irrelevant cognitive processing and ignore salient yet irrelevant features of the situation. However, it remains unclear whether inhibition is a singular function. Prominent are four proposals: a one-factor model of inhibition, an attentional model of inhibition, a response- versus cognitive-inhibition taxonomy, and an effortful- versus automatic-inhibition taxonomy. To evaluate these models, we administered nine inhibition and three attention tasks to 113 adults (Study 1) and 109 children (Study 2). Inhibition models were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis after statistically controlling for attentional activation. Subsequent age analyses investigated whether inhibition tasks and factors related …

Cooperating Teacher Participation In Teacher Education: A Review Of The Literature, Anthony Clarke, Valerie Triggs, Wendy S. Nielsen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Student teachers consider cooperating teachers to be one of the most important contributors to their teacher preparation program. Therefore, the ways in which cooperating teachers participate in teacher education are significant. This review seeks to move conceptions of that participation beyond commonly held beliefs to empirically supported claims. The analysis draws on Brodie, Cowling, and Nissen's notion of categories of participation to generate 11 different ways that cooperating teachers participate in teacher education: as Providers of Feedback, Gatekeepers of the Profession, Modelers of Practice, Supporters of Reflection, Gleaners of Knowledge, Purveyors of Context, Conveners of Relation, Agents of Socialization, Advocates …

The Healthy Child Citizen: Biopedagogies And Web-Based Health Promotion, Jan Wright, Christine Halse

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The health of children in affluent economies has become closely tied to the ideal of a normative body weight achieved by monitoring and balancing diet and physical activity. As a result, the education of young people on how to avoid becoming fat begins at an early age through the language and practices of families, the messages embedded in children's media, and through formal schooling. In this paper we use the concept of biopedagogies to investigate how discourses that connect food, the body and health come together on Internet websites to instruct children on how they should come to know and …

Self-Determination Theory And Teacher Instruction: A Positive Partnership For Student Performance And Involvement, Dana Perlman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of distinct motivationally-based instructional approaches on student's game performance and involvement. 78 secondary physical education students were taught a unit of volleyball using one in either an autonomy-supportive, controlling or balanced instructional style. Using a pretest and posttest design, students were measured on their game performance and involvement during 20-minute game of volleyball. Data analysis indicated that students engaged in the autonomy-supportive context illustrated significantly higher levels of performance and involvement when compared with the other groups.

From Maid To Mother: Transforming Facilities, Staff Training, And Caregiver Dignity In An Institutional Facility For Young Children In Nepal, Amy Conley Wright, Dhirendra Lamsal, Mukunda Ksetree, Aalok Sharma, Kenneth Jaffe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article provides a case study of a project to improve the health, safety, and development of children birth to 6 years old in a large orphanage in Nepal. Two interventions were conducted: improvement of physical infrastructure and training, mentoring, and support for caregiving staff. As a result of these interventions, positive outcomes in terms of children's health and development have been observed, including reduction of communicable diseases and increased social interactions with caregivers. As part of the new training initiative, the caregivers began to meet regularly to share their ideas and experiences, and came to realize their vital role …

Interrogating Religion In Prison: Criminological Approaches, Natalia K. Hanley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A preliminary exploration of the contemporary literature on imprisonment and religion suggests three dominant themes: role/effectiveness; risk/security, and human rights. While these themes are interconnected, the literature is broadly characterised by competing and contradictory research questions and conclusions. When taken together, this body of criminological work offers a complex but partial account of the role of religion in contemporary prisons which does not appear to engage with questions about how the provision of religious services is mediated by local prison governance structures.

Family-Focused Autism Spectrum Disorder Research: A Review Of The Utility Of Family Systems Approaches, Elizabeth Kate Cridland, Sandra C. Jones, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A family member with an autism spectrum disorder presents pervasive and bidirectional influences on the entire family system, suggesting a need for family-focused autism spectrum disorder research. While there has been increasing interest in this research area, family-focused autism spectrum disorder research can still be considered relatively recent, and there are limitations to the existing literature. The purpose of this article is to provide theoretical and methodological directions for future family-focused autism spectrum disorder research. In particular, this article proposes Family Systems approaches as a common theoretical framework for future family-focused autism spectrum disorder research by considering theoretical concepts such …

If Sport's The Solution Then What's The Problem? The Social Significance Of Sport In The Moral Governing Of 'Good' And 'Healthy' Citizens In Sweden, 1922-1998, Malin Osterlind, Jan Wright

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

All over the westernised world, sport has been promoted as a 'solution' to many of the social 'problems' and challenges that face modern societies. This study draw on Foucault's concept of governmentality to examine the ways in which Swedish Government Official Reports on sport, from 1922 to 1998, define social problems and legitimate governing, and sport as a solution, in the name of benefiting Swedish society. The analysis shows that citizens' 'good' and 'healthy' behaviour and bodies are in focus of problematisation throughout the studied period. In relation to this, sport is seen as an important tool and solution. Parallel …

Modelling The Human Visual Cortex, A Complete Model From Visual Stimulus To Bold Measurement, Mark M. Schira, Peter Robinson, Michael Breakspear, Kevin M. Aquino

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The Asia-Pacific Conference on Vision (APCV) 2014 19-22 July 2014, Takamatsu, Japan

The Anthropocene And Geography Iii: Future Directions, Noel Castree

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This is the last of three papers that explore the relevance of 'the Anthropocene' (and the related idea of 'planetary boundaries') to present and future research in Geography. The first paper (The Anthropocene and Geography I: The back story) summarised the origins and evolution of the proposition that the Holocene has ended. The second paper (The Anthropocene and Geography II: Current contributions) then mapped-out the relatively few, but varied, contributions that geographers have so far made to assessing or advancing this proposition. This final instalment looks ahead. It offers readers informed speculation on how future discussions of the Anthropocene might …

Personal Best Goal And Self-Regulation As Predictors Of Mathematics Achievement: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model, Magdalena Mo Ching Mok, Michael Ying Wah Wong, Michael Ronald Su, Jim S. Tognolini, Gordon Stanley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study aimed to identify personal best goal and self-regulation as predictors of mathematics achievement for primary students. The sample comprised 3,821 (2,021 males and 1,800 females) students between Grades 3 to Grade 5 at 26 primary schools in Hong Kong. Students' personal best goals and self-regulation were used to predict their mathematics achievement six months later. Multilevel structural equation models were fitted to the data using the MPLUS software. Results showed that after controlling for student gender and grade level, students' personal best goal predicted their subsequent mathematics achievement. In contrast, self-regulation had no direct effect on students' mathematics …

Measuring Students' Perceptions Of Plagiarism: Modification And Rasch Validation Of A Plagiarism Attitude Scale, Steven J. Howard, John F. Ehrich, Russell Walton

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Plagiarism is a significant area of concern in higher education, given university students' high self-reported rates of plagiarism. However, research remains inconsistent in prevalence estimates and suggested precursors of plagiarism. This may be a function of the unclear psychometric properties of the measurement tools adopted. To investigate this, we modified an existing plagiarism scale (to broaden its scope), established its psychometric properties using traditional (EFA, Cronbach's alpha) and modern (Rasch analysis) survey evaluation approaches, and examined results of well-functioning items. Results indicated that traditional and modern psychometric approaches differed in their recommendations. Further, responses indicated that although most respondents acknowledged …

A Functional Polymorphism Of The Maoa Gene Is Associated With Neural Responses To Induced Anger Control, Thomas F. Denson, Carol Dobson-Stone, Richard Ronay, William Von Hippel, Mark M. Schira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aggressiveness is highly heritable. Recent experimental work has linked individual differences in a functional polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene (MAOA) to anger-driven aggression. Other work has implicated the dorsal ACC (dACC) in cognitive-emotional control and the amygdala in emotional arousal. The present imaging genetics study investigated dACC and amygdala reactivity to induced anger control as a function of MAOA genotype. A research assistant asked 38 healthy male undergraduates to control their anger in response to an insult by a rude experimenter. Men with the low-expression allele showed increased dACC and amygdala activation after the insult, but men with the …

Learning To Teach Grammatics: A Multimodal Ensemble Performance, Pauline T. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The paper will briefly discuss the recent Australian curriculum reform with respect to the explicit teaching about language and some of the challenges inherent in the processes of implementing a grammatics. It then describes recent work with teachers as they engage with the functionally oriented English curriculum, in particular one teacher's work as she redesigns her pedagogy to accommodate the new curriculum in the early years of school. The paper argues the importance of teacher's pedagogic knowledge in the successful implementation of a grammatics curriculum but suggests that we do not fully understand the nature of such knowledge, how it …

Active Commuting Amongst School Children And Adolescents In A Rural Area Of South Africa, Eva M. Craig

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract of a presentation at the Be Active 2014 Conference, 15-18 Oct, Canberra, Australia.

Young And Misunderstood In The Education System: A Case Study Of Giftedness And Specific Learning Disabilities, Catherine M. Wormald, Wilma Vialle, Karen B. Rogers

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

An academically child who is gifted with learning disabilities is not readily recognised within the education system as demonstrating such contradictory traits. While there is a growing body of literature on such twice-exceptional children, effective means of identification and educational interventions still lags behind. To understand how this situation impacts individuals, an intensive case study of a young man, Thomas, with both gifts and learning disabilities was undertaken. Outstanding knowledge but an inability to demonstrate and express that knowledge meant frustration for Thomas. As a consequence, his disability meant that he manifested as a student with behavioural issues in the …

Retorno Al Modo: In/Dependencia Contextual En El Discurso De Las Clases De Historia Antigua, James R. Martin, Erika S. Matruglio

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Este artículo explora el significado de “dependencia contextual” en la lingüística sistémico-funcional (LSF), situándolo en relación con el concepto de “gravedad semántica” en la teoría de códigos de legitimación (LCT, por sus siglas en inglés). Se plantean distintas interpretaciones de lo que es la dependencia contextual desde el punto de vista textual, interpersonal e ideacional, poniendo de relieve las nociones de implicitud, negociabilidad e iconicidad, respectivamente. Para abarcar todos estos recursos se propone el término “presencia”. Este artículo da cuenta de parte del diálogo en curso entre la LSF y la LCT, en el marco de una investigación que aborda …

Training Police To Better Respond To People With Mental Illness, James Ogloff, Stuart Dm Thomas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Police officers encounter people with mental illnesses every day, whether they are perpetrators, victims, or witnesses of crime. In 2013 alone, NSW police responded to more than 40,000 mental health incidents; while in Victoria, the police apprehend one person every two hours and take them to hospital for assessment

Derivation Of High-Resolution Mri Atlases Of The Human Cerebellum At 3 T And Segmentation Using Multiple Automatically Generated Templates, Min Tae M. Park, Jon Pipitone, Lawrence H. Baer, Julie L. Winterburn, Yashvi Shah, Sofia Chavez, Mark M. Schira, Nancy J. Lobaugh, Jason P. Lerch, Aristotle N. Voineskos, M Mallar Chakravarty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The cerebellum has classically been linked to motor learning and coordination. However, there is renewed interest in the role of the cerebellum in non-motor functions such as cognition and in the context of different neuropsychiatric disorders. The contribution of neuroimaging studies to advancing understanding of cerebellar structure and function has been limited, partly due to the cerebellum being understudied as a result of contrast and resolution limitations of standard structural magnetic resonance images (MRI). These limitations inhibit proper visualization of the highly compact and detailed cerebellar foliations. In addition, there is a lack of robust algorithms that automatically and reliably …

The Story Of Steel Maps The Job Future For Car Workers, Christopher Gibson, Andrew Warren

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Prime Minister Tony Abbott is right when he describes Australia’s car industry workers as “highly skilled people, adaptable people”. He has also been saying this week that the departure of Toyota and Holden creates an opportunity for automotive workers to transition from “good jobs to better jobs”.

Bushfires: Rural Residents Are The Solution, Not The Problem, Nicholas Gill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The return of heatwaves and bushfires to the news pages has brought fresh warnings that Australians who live in fire-prone zones still don’t fully understand the risk they are running. Deadly fires in Victoria’s Grampians and the Perth Hills, and the many other emergencies across other states, have once again brought the dangers into stark relief. Yet we have found evidence that people living near bushland are more aware of the risks and remedies than they are given credit for.

Gaze Direction And The Extraction Of Egocentric Distance, Daniel A. Gajewski, Courtney P. Wallin, John W. Philbeck

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The angular declination of a target with respect to eye level is known to be an important cue to egocentric distance when objects are viewed or can be assumed to be resting on the ground. When targets are fixated, angular declination and the direction of the gaze with respect to eye level have the same objective value. However, any situation that limits the time available to shift gaze could leave to-be-localized objects outside the fovea, and, in these cases, the objective values would differ. Nevertheless, angular declination and gaze declination are often conflated, and the role for retinal eccentricity in …

Impaired Perception Of Facial Motion In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Justin O'Brien, Janine Spencer, Christine Girges, Alan Johnston, Harold Hill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Facial motion is a special type of biological motion that transmits cues for socio-emotional communication and enables the discrimination of properties such as gender and identity. We used animated average faces to examine the ability of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to perceive facial motion. Participants completed increasingly difficult tasks involving the discrimination of (1) sequences of facial motion, (2) the identity of individuals based on their facial motion and (3) the gender of individuals. Stimuli were presented in both upright and upside-down orientations to test for the difference in inversion effects often found when comparing ASD with controls …

Listening To Student Voice: An Evaluation Of Wooglemai Environmental Education Centre’S Youth Environmental Network Eco-Leadership Camp, Peter Andersen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The staff members from the Department of Education and Communities Wooglemai Environmental Educational Centre (WEEC) have hosted an annual residential eco-leadership camp for secondary students since 2011. The name of the camp is ‘Youth Environmental Network Eco-Leadership Camp’ (YEN). The participants have primarily been Year 7 to 10 students from New South Wales government schools. There would normally be thirty students (male and female) attending the YEN, with the duration of the camp being four days and three nights.

The purpose of the YEN camp is to provide an opportunity for students to air their concerns about the state of …

Making Country Good: Stewardship And Environmental Change In Central Australian Pastoral Culture, Nicholas Gill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Rural stewardship has been a focus of much natural resource management policy in Australia and elsewhere. Despite landowners professing stewardship, some researchers have cast doubt on the utility of the concept due to its vagueness and difficulties of associating attitudes with behaviour. In contrast I argue that stewardship should remain an important concept for understanding rural cultures, landholder practices and the politics of land. Stewardship, however, needs to be understood as emergent, as a 'dwelt achievement', as having temporal depth and as being part of the production of socio-natures. Moreover, as a key vernacular practice, its capacities and vulnerabilities require …

A Systematic Review Of Speech Recognition Technology In Health Care, Maree Johnson, Samuel Lapkin, Vanessa Long, Paula Sanchez, H Suominen, J Basilakis, Linda Dawson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background To undertake a systematic review of existing literature relating to speech recognition technology and its application within health care. Methods A systematic review of existing literature from 2000 was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were: all papers that referred to speech recognition (SR) in health care settings, used by health professionals (allied health, medicine, nursing, technical or support staff), with an evaluation or patient or staff outcomes. Experimental and non-experimental designs were considered. Six databases (Ebscohost including CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, OVID Technologies, PreMED-LINE, PsycINFO) were searched by a qualified health librarian trained in systematic …

Understanding Students' Use And Value Of Technology For Learning, Karley Beckman, Sue Bennett, Lori Lockyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite significant research in the field of educational technology, there is still much we do not fully understand about students' experiences with technology. This article proposes that research in the field of educational technology would benefit from a sociological framing that pays attention to the understandings and lives of learners. Within a broader study that aimed to investigate students' use and value of technologies guided by Bourdieu's sociological theory, this article reports on qualitative embedded case study data of 12 students in years 9 and 10 from two Australian secondary schools. The article provides detailed accounts of students' experiences with …

Time-Frequency Pca Of Event-Related Eeg Changes In The Orienting Reflex, Frances M. De Blasio, Robert Barry, Edward M. Bernat, Genevieve Z. Steiner

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 17th World Congress of Psychophysiology (IOP2014) of the International Organization of Psychophysiology (IOP) Hiroshima, Japan, September 23rd to 27th, 2014

Chaos In Balance: Non-Linear Measures Of Postural Control Predict Individual Variations In Visual Illusions Of Motion, Deborah Apthorp, Fintan Nagle, Stephen Palmisano

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Visually-induced illusions of self-motion (vection) can be compelling for some people, but they are subject to large individual variations in strength. Do these variations depend, at least in part, on the extent to which people rely on vision to maintain their postural stability? We investigated by comparing physical posture measures to subjective vection ratings. Using a Bertec balance plate in a brightly-lit room, we measured 13 participants' excursions of the centre of foot pressure (CoP) over a 60-second period with eyes open and with eyes closed during quiet stance. Subsequently, we collected vection strength ratings for large optic flow displays …