Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Experts' Views Regarding Australian School-Leavers' Knowledge Of Nutrition And Food Systems, Sanaz Sadegholvad, Heather Yeatman, Anne-Maree Parrish, Anthony Worsley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To explore Australian experts' views regarding strengths and gaps in school-leavers' knowledge of nutrition and food systems ( N & FS) and factors that influence that knowledge. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 highly experienced food-related experts in Australia. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Attride-Stirling's thematic network framework. Results: Two global themes and several organising themes were identified. The first global theme, 'structural curriculum-based problems', emerged from three organising themes of: inconsistencies in provided food education programs at schools in Australia; insufficient coverage of food-related skills and food systems topics in school curricula; and the lack of …

A Quantitative Research On Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes, Rashid M. Ansari, Mark Fort Harris, Nicholas Arnold Zwar, Hassan Hosseinzadeh

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The self-management of type diabetes is an essential part of life for the patients with diabetes to have a better and a healthy lifestyle. In addition, diabetes self-management is related to enhanced knowledge of diabetes, improved overall behaviour and discipline to adhere to diet and physical activity recommendations resulting in a better outcome. Therefore, there is a need for all the required resources to be integrated in order to achieve the benefits associated with selfmanagement. Wagner et al. provided a framework for integrating the resources and supports for self-management with key components of clinical care in a chronic care model. …

Professionals' Recommended Strategies To Improve Australian Adolescents' Knowledge Of Nutrition And Food Systems, Sanaz Sadegholvad, Heather Yeatman, Anne-Maree Parrish, Anthony Worsley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Education and policy measures within schools are valuable strategies to promote health. This study explored views of experienced food-related educators, researchers and policy-makers regarding their recommended strategies to improve Australian adolescents' knowledge of nutrition and food systems (N & FS). Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-one experienced food-related experts from across Australia. Interviews were conducted either by telephone or face-to-face. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results: Five central themes and five sub-themes were identified from food professionals' suggestions for best strategies to improve adolescents' knowledge of N & FS. The central themes included: (1) specific …

Nanotoxicology And Safety Evaluation Of Nanoparticles In Sunscreen Products In Vitro, Shahnaz Bakand, Amanda Hayes, Finance Dechsakulthorn

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Australasian College of Toxicology & Risk Assessment 10th Annual Scientific Meeting & Continuing Education Day, 27-29 September 2017, Canberra, Australia

Nanotechnology And Nanosafety: Risk Management Of Manufactured Nanomaterials, Shahnaz Bakand, Leanne Treadwell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Australasian College of Toxicology & Risk Assessment 10th Annual Scientific Meeting & Continuing Education Day, 27-29 September 2017, Canberra, Australia

Young Women's Perceptions Of Transactional Sex And Sexual Agency: A Qualitative Study In The Context Of Rural South Africa, Meghna Ranganathan, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Audrey Pettifor, Kathleen Kahn, Nomhle Khoza, Rhian Twine, Charlotte Watts, Lori Heise

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Evidence shows that HIV prevalence among young women in sub-Saharan Africa increases almost five-fold between ages 15 and 24, with almost a quarter of young women infected by their early-to mid-20s. Transactional sex or material exchange for sex is a relationship dynamic that has been shown to have an association with HIV infection. Methods: Using five focus group discussions and 19 in-depth interviews with young women enrolled in the HPTN 068 conditional cash transfer trial (2011-2015), this qualitative study explores young women's perceptions of transactional sex within the structural and cultural context of rural South Africa. The analysis also …

Teaching Kids 21st Century Skills Early Will Help Prepare Them For Their Future, Iram Siraj

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It may be a truism that the future will be different, but human expectations have rarely been so high about the degree of imminent change. This century's rapid development of artificial intelligence and digital systems has convinced us that almost every aspect of our children's and grandchildren's lives will be different to ours.

Iei-Emf Provocation Case Studies: A Novel Approach To Testing Sensitive Individuals. Bioelectromagnetics, Adam Verrender, Sarah P. Loughran, Lena Hillert, Gideon Rubin, Rodney J. Croft

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Instead Of Rebuilding Stadiums, The Nsw Government Should Focus On Local Sport And Events, Christopher R. Gibson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The New South Wales government's argument for spending A$2 billion rebuilding stadiums is that Sydney is losing flagship events to other state capitals, leading to fewer tourists and less media exposure. But large investments in transportation and venues are a significant drain on the public purse, often for economic returns that rarely break even.

Adherence To 24-Hour Movement Guidelines For The Early Years And Associations With Social-Cognitive Development Among Australian Preschool Children, Dylan P. Cliff, Jade Mcneill, Stewart A. Vella, Steven J. Howard, Rute Santos, Marijka Batterham, Edward Melhuish, Anthony D. Okely, Marc De Rosnay

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The new Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years recommend that, for preschoolers, a healthy 24-h includes: i) ≥180 min of physical activity, including ≥60 min of energetic play, ii) ≤1 h of sedentary screen time, and iii) 10-13 h of good quality sleep. Using an Australian sample, this study reports the proportion of preschool children meeting these guidelines and investigates associations with social-cognitive development. Methods: Data from 248 preschool children (mean age = 4.2 ± 0.6 years, 57% boys) participating in the PATH-ABC study were analyzed. Children completed direct assessments of physical activity (accelerometry) and social cognition …

Compliance With The Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines For The Early Years: Associations With Weight Status, Rute Santos, Zhiguang Zhang, Joao Rafael Rodrigues Pereira, Eduarda Manuela De Sousa Rodrigues De Sa, Dylan P. Cliff, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: For effective public health and surveillance it is important to document the proportion of young children who meet the new Australian Integrated 24 h Movement Guidelines for the Early Years and how these associate with health outcomes. We aimed to (i) assess compliance with the new Inte grated 24 h Movement Guidelines for the Early Years in a sample of Australian toddlers; and (ii) ascertain whether compliance with the guidelines associates with weight status. Methods: The sample comprised 202 toddlers (104 girls) aged 19.74 ± 4.07 months from the GET UP! Study. Participants wore accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) for 24 …

Evaluating The Validity Of The Online Multiliteracy Assessment Tool, Kellie Buckley-Walker, Jim S. Tognolini, Lori Lockyer, Ian M. Brown, Peter Caputi

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study aims to assess the validity of the Online Multiliteracy Assessment for students in Years 5 and 6. The Online Multiliteracy Assessment measures students' abilities in making and creating meaning, using a variety of different modes of communication, such as text, audio and video. The study involved selecting two groups of students: the first group (n=19) was used in two pilot studies of the items and the second (n=299) was used in a field trial validating the functioning of the items and assessing the quality of the scale. The results indicated that the Online Multiliteracy Assessment has acceptable test-retest …

Conceptual Model Of Diabetes Self-Management For Middle-Aged Population Of Rural Area Of Pakistan, Rashid M. Ansari, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mark Fort Harris, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pakistan has been attributed to high-risk factors such as lack of physical activity, unhealthy food and eating habits among the Pakistani population. Aims: The main aim of this study is to explore the factors that may influence diabetes self-management in the middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan and to present the potential outcomes. Materials and Methods: The study was guided by the results of systematic reviews of self-management of type 2 diabetes and highlighted five factors which are most important to influence the diabetes self-management. Of particular mention are the …

A Collaborative Approach To Adopting/Adapting Guidelines - The Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines For The Early Years (Birth To 5 Years): An Integration Of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And Sleep, Anthony D. Okely, Davina Ghersi, Kylie Hesketh, Rute Santos, Sarah P. Loughran, Dylan P. Cliff, Trevor Shilton, David Grant, Rachel A. Jones, Rebecca M. Stanley, Julie Sherring, Trina Hinkley, Stewart Trost, Clare Mchugh, Simon Eckermann, Karen Thorpe, Karen Waters, Timothy Olds, Tracy Mackey, Rhonda Livingstone, Hayley Christian, Harriette Carr, Adam Verrender, Joao Rafael Rodrigues Pereira, Zhiguang Zhang, Katherine Downing, Mark S. Tremblay

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: In 2017, the Australian Government funded the update of the National Physical Activity Recommendations for Children 0-5 years, with the intention that they be an integration of movement behaviours across the 24-h period. The benefit for Australia was that it could leverage research in Canada in the development of their 24-h guidelines for the early years. Concurrently, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group published a model to produce guidelines based on adoption, adaption and/or de novo development using the GRADE evidence-to-decision framework. Referred to as the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach, it allows guideline developers to follow …

Are Big Food's Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies Valuable To Communities? A Qualitative Study With Parents And Children, Zoe Richards, Lyn Phillipson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Recent studies have identified parents and children as two target groups whom Big Food hopes to positively influence through its corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. The current preliminary study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of parents and children's awareness and interpretation of Big Food's CSR strategies to understand how CSR shapes their beliefs about companies. Design: Community-based qualitative semi-structured interviews. Setting: New South Wales, Australia. Subjects: Parents (n 15) and children aged 8-12 years (n 15). Results: Parents and children showed unprompted recognition of CSR activities when shown McDonald's and Coca-Cola brand logos, indicating a strong level of …

What Should Be Taught In Secondary Schools' Nutrition And Food Systems Education? Views From Prominent Food-Related Professionals In Australia, Sanaz Sadegholvad, Heather Yeatman, Anne-Maree Parrish, Anthony Worsley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Education can help young people to attain the knowledge and the skills that they need to make proper food choices and develop lifelong healthy eating patterns. This study explored the perspectives of prominent food-related professionals in Australia regarding essential nutrition and food systems (N & FS) education programs for adolescents during formal education. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 prominent food-related professionals in Australia. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Four essential areas for N & FS education programs were identified. (1) Key nutrition messages to a healthy lifestyle; (2) Skill development programs to enhance health and wellbeing; (3) Ethical food-related …

Effect Of Schooling On Age-Disparate Relationships And Number Of Sexual Partners Among Young Women In Rural South Africa Enrolled In Hptn 068, Marie Stoner, Jessie Edwards, William Miller, Allison Aiello, Carolyn Halpern, Aimee Julien, Amanda Selin, James Hughes, Jing Wang, F Gomez-Olive, Ryan Wagner, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background:

Attending school may have a strong preventative association with sexually transmitted infections among young women, but the mechanism for this relationship is unknown. One hypothesis is that students who attend school practice safer sex with fewer partners, establishing safer sexual networks that make them less exposed to infection.

Setting:

We used longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial of young women aged 13–20 years in the Bushbuckridge district, South Africa, to determine whether the percentage of school days attended, school dropout, and grade repetition are associated with having a partner 5 or more years older (age–disparate) and with the …

Soulful And Precarious: The Working Experiences Of Surfboard Makers, Andrew T. Warren, Christopher R. Gibson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Surfboard manufacturing is an essential part of the multibillion-dollar global surf industry. Not only do surfboard manufacturers supply consumers with the material means necessary for surfing, they provide subcultural capital to retailers and multinational surf brands that generate profit from surf-styled garments and apparel. Initially drawing from centuries-old Hawaiian precedents, surfboard manufacturing only developed as a capitalist industry in the late 1950s. Fo11owing convergence with Hollywood-inspired popular culture (film, television, and music) surfing became a fashionable leisure activity. A newfound popularity among Westerners produced a mass market for surfboard producers. Surfboard making, previously a do-it-yourself (D IY) hobbyist activity concentrated …

Listening Geographies: Landscape, Affect And Geotechnologies, Michael Gallagher, Anja M. Kanngieser, Jonathan Prior

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper argues for expanded listening in geography. Expanded listening addresses how bodies of all kinds, human and more-than-human, respond to sound. We show how listening can contribute to research on a wide range of topics, beyond enquiry where sound itself is the primary substantive interest. This is demonstrated through close discussion of what an amplified sonic sensibility can bring to three areas of contemporary geographical interest: geographies of landscape, of affect, and of geotechnologies.

Subcultural Enterprises, Brand Value, And Limits To Financialized Growth: The Rise And Fall Of Corporate Surfing Brands, Andrew T. Warren, Christopher R. Gibson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Geographical political economy increasingly scrutinises the socio-spatial contexts for brands and branding. Less understood is the influence of subcultures - neo-tribal groups sharing passions, a leisure pursuit or practice - on enterprise formation and the pathways through which brands emerge, trading on perceived authenticity. Subcultural contexts, we argue, unleash distinctive trajectories of enterprise formation, reputation-building, value-creation, global expansion and accumulation, and ultimately destruction. Here we focus on how particular subcultural values - of authenticity, competition, risk-taking, and active participation in 'scenes' - interact with capitalist growth dynamics, and where over time and space such intersections bring brands unstuck. Using the …

Evaluation Of Waste Isoflurane Gas Exposure During Rodent Surgery In An Australian University, Kelly Johnstone, Cora Lau, Jane L. Whitelaw

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Biomedical researchers use of inhalational anesthetics has increased in recent years. Use of isoflurane as an inhalational anesthetic may result in human exposure to waste anesthetic gas. Potential health effects from exposure include genotoxic and hepatotoxic effects with some evidence of teratogenic and reproductive effects. Research suggests that exposure to waste anesthetic gas within human hospital settings has improved substantially but exposures to biomedical researchers and veterinarians still requires improvement. A number of biomedical research facilities are located at The University of Queensland, Australia, where researchers and animal handlers are potentially exposed to waste isoflurane gas. There is limited published …

Gender And Evolutionary Theory In Workplace Health Promotion, Erika Bjorklund, Jan Wright

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Ideas from evolutionary theories are increasingly taken up in health promotion. This article seeks to demonstrate how such a trend has the potential to embed essentialist and limiting stereotypes of women and men in health promotion practice. Design: We draw on material gathered for a larger ethnographic study that examined how discourses of health were re-contextualised in four workplace health promotion interventions in Sweden. Method: This study provided the opportunity to investigate how ideas derived from evolutionary theories produced particular constructs of the healthy employee. A Foucauldian notion of governmentality was used to examine the rationalities, truths and techniques …

The Road To Same-Sex Marriage Support Has Been Long - And The Fight Isn't Over Yet, Scott J. Mckinnon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Today's same-sex marriage survey results represent a moment of extraordinary change. It is well within living memory that homosexuality in Australia was considered a crime, a sickness and a threat to the nation itself. The final Australian state to decriminalise male homosexuality was Tasmania, as recently as 1997. Plenty of gay men still remember the fear of prison terms that shadowed their lives. Plenty of lesbians still remember that, although their sex lives were never criminalised, the police and the courts found ways to oppress and harass them nonetheless. Many LGBTIQ people still carry the emotional and physical scars of …

Reinterpretation In Visual Imagery Is Possible Without Visual Cues: A Validation Of Previous Research, Kevin Kamermans, Wim T. J. L Pouw, Fred Mast, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Is visual reinterpretation of bistable figures (e.g., duck/rabbit figure) in visual imagery possible? Current consensus suggests that it is in principle possible because of converging evidence of quasi-pictorial functioning of visual imagery. Yet, studies that have directly tested and found evidence for reinterpretation in visual imagery, allow for the possibility that reinterpretation was already achieved during memorization of the figure(s). One study resolved this issue, providing evidence for reinterpretation in visual imagery (Mast and Kosslyn, Cognition 86:57-70, 2002). However, participants in that study performed reinterpretations with aid of visual cues. Hence, reinterpretation was not performed with mental imagery alone. Therefore, …

Friday Essay: The Cultural Meanings Of Wild Horses, Michael J. Adams

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

From 30,000-year-old cave paintings to The Man From Snowy River, wild horses have always been part of human culture. As Australia debates what to do with 'brumbies' in mountain environments, it's time to reconsider their place.

Gender Effects In A Multischool Alcohol Media Literacy Study With Preadolescents, Chloe S. Gordon, Steven J. Howard, Lisa K. Kervin, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective. Alcohol media literacy (AML) programs have achieved positive results for alcohol prevention; however, gender may moderate program effectiveness. This study investigated gender differences for an Australian AML intervention. Method. Fifth and sixth graders (N = 165), allocated to an intervention or wait-list control group, participated in an AML program. Student questionnaires were administered at three time points. Results. The intervention resulted in significantly higher media deconstruction skills but did not lead to less preference for branded merchandise or greater understanding of persuasive intent, and these effects did not differ by gender. Gender differences were present in social norms for …

Do Aspects Of Social, Emotional And Behavioural Development In The Pre-School Period Predict Later Cognitive And Academic Attainment?, David Hammer, Edward Melhuish, Steven J. Howard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

© 2017, © Australian Council for Educational Research 2017. Some aspects of child non-cognitive development in pre-school have independently been shown to predict academic outcomes in later primary and early high school. However, the extent to which each aspect uniquely predicts these outcomes remains unclear. It is also unclear as to what mechanisms may predict these aspects of non-cognitive development. To address these issues, the current study sought to explore the antecedents to, and the predictive strength of, prominent aspects of early non-cognitive development (e.g. hyperactivity, pro-social behaviour, peer and conduct problems at 4–5 years of age) on children’s academic …

Enjoyment And Behavioral Intention Predict Organized Youth Sport Participation And Dropout, Lauren Gardner, Christopher A. Magee, Stewart A. Vella

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Dropout from organized youth sport has significant adverse health implications. Enjoyment and behavioral intentions have consistently been linked with participation and dropout; however, few studies have investigated these links using a prospective design. This study explored whether enjoyment and intentions to continue predicted dropout behavior at 1-year follow-up. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 327 regular sport participants (mean age = 13.01 y at baseline). After 1 year, 247 individuals (75.5%) continued participating in their main sport and 26 individuals (8%) dropped out. A hierarchical logistic regression model estimated the probability of dropout. In step 1, the following covariates were …

Overdiagnosis, Ethics, And Trolley Problems: Why Factors Other Than Outcomes Matter-An Essay, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In February 2014, the non-governmental Swiss Medical Board recommended that mammography programmes in Switzerland may eventually be closed down because they might not deliver more benefits than harms. In the resulting uproar the board was accused of being "unethical." Controversy about mammography has persisted in the UK, US, Canada, and elsewhere, and disputes about overdiagnosis exist in prostate cancer, chronic kidney disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and many other conditions. People concerned about overdiagnosis are compelled by evidence of harms outweighing benefits. But not everyone is equally compelled. This may be because of disagreements over the evidence, conflicts of interest, or …

Transformative Travel As A Sustainable Market Niche For Protected Areas: A New Development, Marketing And Conservation Model, Isabelle D. Wolf, Gillian Ainsworth, Jane Crowley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Many protected areas worldwide are mandated to provide visitor enjoyment and sustainable heritage conservation but face growing challenges and competition. To satisfy modern aspirational markets, parks must design meaningful experiences delivering long-lasting participant benefits that cultivate visitation rates and a conservation constituency. Transformative travel can deliver such benefits through participants' psycho-physiological transformation but market insights critical for experience development in parks are lacking. Our systematic quantitative review of 126 transformative travel articles provides those insights, linking experiential characteristics, participant traits and motivations to experience outcomes according to five transformative travel typologies pertinent to parks: health and wellness, nature-based physical activity, …