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2005

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Articles 11101 - 11111 of 11111

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

No Longer Little Known But Now A Door Ajar: An Overview Of The Evolving And Dangerous Role Of The Alien Tort Statute In Human Rights And International Law Jurisprudence, Donald J. Kochan Dec 2004

No Longer Little Known But Now A Door Ajar: An Overview Of The Evolving And Dangerous Role Of The Alien Tort Statute In Human Rights And International Law Jurisprudence, Donald J. Kochan

Donald J. Kochan

Human rights’ and other international law activists have long worked to add teeth to their tasks. One of the most interesting avenues for such enforcement has been the Alien Tort Statute (“ATS”). The ATS has become the primary vehicle for injecting international norms and human rights into United States courts – against nation-states, state actors, and even private individuals or corporations alleged to actually or in complicity or conspiracy been responsible for supposed violations of international law. This Symposium Article provides an overview of the ATS evolution (or revolution), discusses the most recent significant development in the evolution arising from …

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Making Experience Meaningful:
Interpreting Chinese Canadian Women's Personal Encounters With Racism, Jane S. Ku Dec 2004

Making Experience Meaningful:
Interpreting Chinese Canadian Women's Personal Encounters With Racism, Jane S. Ku

Jane S Ku

Using Philomena Essed's theory on everyday racism, this paper explores how Chinese Canadian women interpret racism. It argues that differences in interpretation can be explained by examining personal biographies that attend to subjective experience and social context, and from which implications for anti-racist feminist epistemology can be drawn.

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A Failure To Communicate: What (If Anything) Can We Learn From The Negative Income Tax Experiments?, Karl Widerquist Dec 2004

A Failure To Communicate: What (If Anything) Can We Learn From The Negative Income Tax Experiments?, Karl Widerquist

Karl Widerquist

The U.S. and Canadian governments conducted five negative income tax experiments between 1968 and 1980. The labor market findings of these experiments were an advance for understanding the effects of a basic income guarantee, but their conclusiveness is often overstated. A review of nonacademic articles on the experiments reveals poor understanding of the results. One often overlooked cause of this misinterpretation was the failure of researchers to make clear that the experiments could not estimate the demand response and therefore could not estimate the market response to the program. Although the evidence does not amount to an overwhelming case either …

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Estudio Comparativo De Actitudes Hacia El Español En Los Estados Unidos: Educación, Política Y Entorno Social, Andrew Lynch, Carol A. Klee Dec 2004

Estudio Comparativo De Actitudes Hacia El Español En Los Estados Unidos: Educación, Política Y Entorno Social, Andrew Lynch, Carol A. Klee

Andrew Lynch

This study explores attitudes toward Spanish with respect to language education, language policy and language use in two different United States urban settings—one bilingual and another essentially monolingual. A 50-item sociolinguistic questionnaire was administered to 359 Hispanic and non-Hispanic university students at different levels of Spanish language study in Miami, Florida and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Analysis revealed broad acceptance of Spanish in US public life in both cities. However, more conservative attitudes toward ‘English only’ education and Official English policies were expressed by Miami students and by beginning-level students in general. Findings suggest that intense language contact in Miami foments a …

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A Retrospective On The Negative Income Tax Experiments: Looking Back At The Most Innovative Field Studies In Social Policy, Karl Widerquist Dec 2004

A Retrospective On The Negative Income Tax Experiments: Looking Back At The Most Innovative Field Studies In Social Policy, Karl Widerquist

Karl Widerquist

No abstract provided.

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Does She Exploit Or Doesn't She?, Karl Widerquist Dec 2004

Does She Exploit Or Doesn't She?, Karl Widerquist

Karl Widerquist

Gijs Van Donselaar uses a Guathier-based definition of exploitation (A exploits B if A is better off and B worse off than either of them would have been had the other not existed) and a related concept the abuse of rights in a series of two-person examples to demonstrate that an unconditional basic income can be parasitic and to make the case that everyone has both a right and responsibility to work. This paper argues that the same conclusions cannot be made in a world of more than two people. Exploitation may be indefinable, and information problems may make both …

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Complex Problem Solving And Intelligence: Empirical Relation And Causal Direction, Dorit Wenke, Peter A. Frensch, Joachim Funke Dec 2004

Complex Problem Solving And Intelligence: Empirical Relation And Causal Direction, Dorit Wenke, Peter A. Frensch, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

At least two theoretical positions strongly suggest that intelligence and problem solving are related. First, the ability to solve problems features prominent in almost every definition of human “intelligence;” thus, problem-solving capacity is viewed as one component of intelligence. Second, intelligence is often assumed to be a predictor of problem-solving ability. Our main goal in this chapter is to review to what extent the ability to solve complex, rather than simple laboratory, problems is indeed tied, empirically, to intelligence, and, which causal direction holds between the two concepts. The chapter is divided into three main sections. In the first section, …

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The Role Of Emotions In Complex Problem-Solving, Joachim Funke, Daniel Wagener, Miriam Spering Dec 2004

The Role Of Emotions In Complex Problem-Solving, Joachim Funke, Daniel Wagener, Miriam Spering

Joachim Funke

The assumption that positive affect leads to a better performance in various cognitive tasks has become well established. We investigate whether positive and negative emotions influence performance and strategies in complex problem solving. 74 male and female university students were tested in an experiment, using feedback-induced emotions and a computer-simulated scenario. Contrary to what has been expected, emotions did not affect success in scenario control. However, participants with negative emotions did show more information-oriented strategies in the scenario. We further tested whether control beliefs as a trait influence scenario control and moderate the relation between emotions and complex problem solving. …

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North America: Multiplying Media In A Dynamic Landscape, Carrie Buchanan, Mahmoud Eid Dec 2004

North America: Multiplying Media In A Dynamic Landscape, Carrie Buchanan, Mahmoud Eid

Carrie Buchanan

Perhaps no region on earth has been as affected by the dramatic pace and extent of media development since 1990 as North America, where most have ready access to new media, such as the Internet and the latest telecommunications devices, as well as the traditional newspapers, radio and television. Even traditional media have undergone profound change as convergence and cross–ownership brought them together in vast media conglomerates dominated by a handful of global corporations. Digitization has taken hold in the United States and Canada, increasing commodification and cross–ownership of all forms of communication, from movies and music to the written …

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The Impact Of Economic Development Incentives : A Review Of The Literature, Dave N. Norris, Elizabeth M. Higgins Dec 2004

The Impact Of Economic Development Incentives : A Review Of The Literature, Dave N. Norris, Elizabeth M. Higgins

Dave Norris

No abstract provided.

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On Waves, Clusters, And Diffusion: A Conceptual Framework, Zachary Elkins, Beth Simmons Dec 2004

On Waves, Clusters, And Diffusion: A Conceptual Framework, Zachary Elkins, Beth Simmons

Zachary Elkins

No abstract provided.

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