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2012

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Articles 15811 - 15840 of 23317

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Exploring The Cultural Origins Of Differences In Time Orientation Between European New Zealanders And Māori, Kevin D. Lo, Carla Houkamau Jan 2012

Exploring The Cultural Origins Of Differences In Time Orientation Between European New Zealanders And Māori, Kevin D. Lo, Carla Houkamau

Organization, Leadership, and Communication

Previous research suggests that time orientation differs as a function of national culture. National cultures often cluster together by region, thus regional generalizations can provide insights on how cultures in a given cluster perceive time. We consider the unique case of bi-cultural New Zealand with two cultures, the European New Zealanders (Pākehā) and the indigenous Māori from historically contrasting temporal clusters: Anglo-American and South Pacific. To demonstrate the ways in which Pākehā and Māori differ in their perspectives on time orientation we take our analysis beyond the basic generalizations based on regional clusters and consider the cultural roots of Māori …

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The California Political Precinct Index: A Detailed Tool To Help Understand California Politics (Update For 2012), David Latterman Jan 2012

The California Political Precinct Index: A Detailed Tool To Help Understand California Politics (Update For 2012), David Latterman

McCarthy Center Faculty and Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Landslide: The “Obama Surge” And The Future Of California Politics, Corey Cook, David Latterman Jan 2012

Landslide: The “Obama Surge” And The Future Of California Politics, Corey Cook, David Latterman

McCarthy Center Faculty and Staff Scholarship

The 2008 presidential election in California resulted in a landslide of historic proportions. Barack Obama’s victory, fueled as it was by 2.1 million firsttime voters, seemingly portends a realignment in California. At the same time, outside the presidential election, the results in 2008 were well within the norms of California politics. Utilizing an original dataset, we unravel this conundrum by examining whether these “surge voters” were substantially different from habitual voters, whether they have stayed engaged in electoral politics, and what might that tell us about the future partisan and political alignment in California?

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Network-Based Criterion For The Success Of Cooperation In An Evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma, Stephen Devlin, T Treloar Jan 2012

Network-Based Criterion For The Success Of Cooperation In An Evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma, Stephen Devlin, T Treloar

Mathematics

We consider an evolutionary prisoner's dilemma on a random network. We introduce a simple quantitative network-based parameter and show that it effectively predicts the success of cooperation in simulations on the network. The criterion is shown to be accurate on a variety of networks with degree distributions ranging from regular to Poisson to scale free. The parameter allows for comparisons of random networks regardless of their underlying topology. Finally, we draw analogies between the criterion for the success of cooperation introduced here and existing criteria in other contexts.

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Dynamic Variability Of Isometric Action Tremor In Precision Pinching, Tim Eakin, Waneen Spirduso, Karen Francis Jan 2012

Dynamic Variability Of Isometric Action Tremor In Precision Pinching, Tim Eakin, Waneen Spirduso, Karen Francis

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

Evolutionary development of isometric force impulse frequencies, power, and the directional concordance of changes in oscillatory tremor during performance of a two-digit force regulation task was examined. Analyses compared a patient group having tremor confounding volitional force regulation with a control group having no neuropathological diagnosis. Dependent variables for tremor varied temporally and spatially, both within individual trials and across trials, across individuals, across groups, and between digits. Particularly striking findings were magnitude increases during approaches to cue markers and shifts in the concordance phase from pinching toward rigid sway patterns as the magnitude increased. Magnitudes were significantly different among …

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Bioharness Multivariable Monitoring Device. Part I: Validity, James A. Johnstone, Paul A. Ford, Gerwyn Hughes, Tim Watson, Andrew T. Garrett Jan 2012

Bioharness Multivariable Monitoring Device. Part I: Validity, James A. Johnstone, Paul A. Ford, Gerwyn Hughes, Tim Watson, Andrew T. Garrett

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

The BioharnessTM monitoring system may provide physiological information on human performance but there is limited information on its validity. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of all 5 BioharnessTM variables using a laboratory based treadmill protocol. 22 healthy males participated. Heart rate (HR), Breathing Frequency (BF) and Accelerometry (ACC) precision were assessed during a discontinuous incremental (0- 12 km·h-1) treadmill protocol. Infra-red skin temperature (ST) was assessed during a 45 min-1 sub-maximal cycle ergometer test, completed twice, with environmental temperature controlled at 20 ±0.1 °C and 30 ± 0.1 °C. Posture (P) was assessed using a …

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Bioharness Multivariable Monitoring Device. Part Ii: Reliability, James A. Johnstone, Paul A. Ford, Gerwyn Hughes, Tim Watson, Andrew T. Garrett Jan 2012

Bioharness Multivariable Monitoring Device. Part Ii: Reliability, James A. Johnstone, Paul A. Ford, Gerwyn Hughes, Tim Watson, Andrew T. Garrett

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

The BioharnessTM monitoring system may provide physiological information on human performance but the reliability of this data is fundamental for confidence in the equipment being used. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of each of the 5 BioharnessTM variables using a treadmill based protocol. 10 healthy males participated. A between and within subject design to assess the reliability of Heart rate (HR), Breathing Frequency (BF), Accelerometry (ACC) and Infra-red skin temperature (ST) was completed via a repeated, discontinuous, incremental treadmill protocol. Posture (P) was assessed by a tilt table, moved through 160o. Between subject data reported …

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Center Of Pressure Excursion During The Golf Putting Stroke In Low, Mid And High Handicap Golfers, Ashley K. Richardson, Gerwyn Hughes, Andrew C.S. Mitchell Jan 2012

Center Of Pressure Excursion During The Golf Putting Stroke In Low, Mid And High Handicap Golfers, Ashley K. Richardson, Gerwyn Hughes, Andrew C.S. Mitchell

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

Golf handicap is significantly correlated to putting performance with low handicap golfers (LH) demonstrating increased putting accuracy compared with high handicap golfers (HH). Smaller center of pressure excursion (CPE) during putting has been demonstrated by LH golfers, suggesting balance is important during successful putts. The aim of this study was to examine CPE in low, mid and high handicap golfers about the mediolateral axis (ML) and anteriorposterior axis (AP). Nineteen subjects participated in the study; subjects were split into LH, mid handicap and HH groups. Subjects completed five successful 2.5m putts, standing on an RS FootScan. The LH group demonstrated …

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Field Based Reliability And Validity Of The Bioharness Multivariable Monitoring Device, James A. Johnstone, Paul A. Ford, Gerwyn Hughes, Tim Watson, Andrew C.S. Mitchell, Andrew T. Garrett Jan 2012

Field Based Reliability And Validity Of The Bioharness Multivariable Monitoring Device, James A. Johnstone, Paul A. Ford, Gerwyn Hughes, Tim Watson, Andrew C.S. Mitchell, Andrew T. Garrett

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

The BioharnessTM device is designed for monitoring physiological variables in free-living situations but has only been proven to be reliable and valid in a laboratory environment. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the BioharnessTM using a field based protocol. Twenty healthy males participated. Heart rate (HR), breathing frequency (BF) and accelerometry (ACC) were assessed by simultaneous measurement of two BioharnessTM devices and a test-retest of a discontinuous incremental walk-jog-run protocol (4 – 11 km·h-1) completed in a sports hall. Adopted precision of measurement devices were; HR: Polar T31 (Polar Electro), BF: Spirometer (Cortex Metalyser), ACC: …

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Credit Rationing With Behavioral Foundations: Revisiting Stiglitz And Weiss, Alessandra Cassar, Bruce Wydick Jan 2012

Credit Rationing With Behavioral Foundations: Revisiting Stiglitz And Weiss, Alessandra Cassar, Bruce Wydick

Economics

The seminal credit market model of Stiglitz and Weiss (1981) proposes that asymmetric information between borrowers and lenders creates a moral hazard in which borrowers to have an incentive to invest in risky projects, creating the basis for a rationing equilibrium in credit markets. Other recent behavioral work, argues that a different type of behavior is more central to credit market risk: the temptation for borrowers to use borrowed capital to meet short-term consumption needs rather than for productive investment (Banerjee and Mullainathan, 2010). In this note, we present a simple model that is able to explain credit rationing where …

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Digital Natives On A Media Fast, David Silver Jan 2012

Digital Natives On A Media Fast, David Silver

Media Studies

No abstract provided.

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Independent Republic Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 46, No. 1-2, Horry County Historical Society Jan 2012

Independent Republic Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 46, No. 1-2, Horry County Historical Society

The Independent Republic Quarterly

A journal of the Horry County Historical Society, Conway, S.C. Contains local history articles and information covering the entire county. ISSN:0046-8843.

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Independent Republic Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 46, No. 3-4, Horry County Historical Society Jan 2012

Independent Republic Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 46, No. 3-4, Horry County Historical Society

The Independent Republic Quarterly

A journal of the Horry County Historical Society, Conway, S.C. Contains local history articles and information covering the entire county. ISSN:0046-8843.

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Social, Ecological, And Multicultural Issues Related To Students' Spirituality, Christine J. Yeh, Noah E. Borrero Jan 2012

Social, Ecological, And Multicultural Issues Related To Students' Spirituality, Christine J. Yeh, Noah E. Borrero

School of Education Faculty Research

Spiritual issues are integrally bound to students’ social, ecological, and multicultural worlds and represent important cultural assets. In this article, we explore the association between spirituality and students’ experiences in various social contexts. Case examples are provided to highlight the complexity and multi-dimensionality of students’ spiritual lives. Implications for counselling in diverse urban schools are discussed.

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Promoting Social Justice Through Service-Learning In Urban Teacher Education: The Role Of Student Voice, Noah E. Borrero, J Conner, A Mejia Jan 2012

Promoting Social Justice Through Service-Learning In Urban Teacher Education: The Role Of Student Voice, Noah E. Borrero, J Conner, A Mejia

School of Education Faculty Research

Although service-learning is becoming more common in teacher education programs (Anderson & Erickson 2003), few detailed case descriptions show how service-learning can help to promote a social justice orientation for prospective teachers. A comparative descriptive analysis of projects within two teacher preparation programs--one focused on training undergraduates and one focused on training graduate students--illustrates how service-learning, when undergirded by student voice work, prepares prospective educators to teach for social justice in urban classrooms. We identify commonalities in our two approaches to integrating service-learning and student voice into the teacher education curriculum, and we show how our distinctive efforts support prospective …

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From 1994 To 2011: Are San Francisco Commissions More Representative?, Maria X. Martinez, Esin Nacar, Aimee Nichols Jan 2012

From 1994 To 2011: Are San Francisco Commissions More Representative?, Maria X. Martinez, Esin Nacar, Aimee Nichols

McCarthy Center Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Unhitched: Love, Marriage, And Family Values From West Hollywood To Western China By Judith Stacey, Kimberly Richman Jan 2012

Unhitched: Love, Marriage, And Family Values From West Hollywood To Western China By Judith Stacey, Kimberly Richman

Sociology

No abstract provided.

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Feminism And The (Trans)Gender Entrapment Of Gender Nonconforming Prisoners, Julia Oparah Jan 2012

Feminism And The (Trans)Gender Entrapment Of Gender Nonconforming Prisoners, Julia Oparah

Sociology

No abstract provided.

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The Nature And Impact Of Long-Term Psychotherapy On Adolescent Foster Youth, June Madsen Clausen, Wanjiku Njoroge, Molly Saeger, Foster Care Research Group Jan 2012

The Nature And Impact Of Long-Term Psychotherapy On Adolescent Foster Youth, June Madsen Clausen, Wanjiku Njoroge, Molly Saeger, Foster Care Research Group

Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Community Member Perspectives From Transgender Women And Men Who Have Sex With Men On Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis As An Hiv Prevention Strategy: Implications For Implementation, Gabriel R. Galindo, Ja'nina Walker Ph.D., Patrick Hazelton, Tim Lane, Wayne T. Steward, Stephen F. Morin, Emily A. Arnold Jan 2012

Community Member Perspectives From Transgender Women And Men Who Have Sex With Men On Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis As An Hiv Prevention Strategy: Implications For Implementation, Gabriel R. Galindo, Ja'nina Walker Ph.D., Patrick Hazelton, Tim Lane, Wayne T. Steward, Stephen F. Morin, Emily A. Arnold

Psychology

Background: An international randomized clinical trial (RCT) on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-prevention intervention found that taken on a daily basis, PrEP was safe and effective among men who have sex with men (MSM) and male-to-female transgender women. Within the context of the HIV epidemic in the United States (US), MSM and transgender women are the most appropriate groups to target for PrEP implementation at the population level; however, their perspectives on evidenced-based biomedical research and the results of this large trial remain virtually unknown. In this study, we examined the acceptability of individual daily use …

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Purging Of Memories From Conscious Awareness Tracked In The Human Brain, Benjamin Levy, Michael C. Anderson Jan 2012

Purging Of Memories From Conscious Awareness Tracked In The Human Brain, Benjamin Levy, Michael C. Anderson

Psychology

Understanding the neural basis of conscious experience and its regulation are fundamental goals of science. While recent research has made substantial progress in identifying the neural correlates of conscious experiences, it remains unclear how individuals exert control over the contents of awareness. In particular, can a memory that has entered the aware state be purged from consciousness if it is not currently desired? Here we tracked the correlates of consciousness in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging and demonstrated the involvement of a downregulation mechanism that purges contents from conscious awareness. When individuals tried to prevent the retrieval of a …

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Ensembles Of Human Mtl Neurons "Jump Back In Time" In Response To A Repeated Stimulus, M. W. Howard, Indre Viskontas, K. H. Shankar, I. Fried Jan 2012

Ensembles Of Human Mtl Neurons "Jump Back In Time" In Response To A Repeated Stimulus, M. W. Howard, Indre Viskontas, K. H. Shankar, I. Fried

Psychology

Episodic memory, which depends critically on the integrity of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), has been described as ‘‘mental time travel’’ in which the rememberer ‘‘jumps back in time.’’ The neural mechanism underlying this ability remains elusive. Mathematical and computational models of performance in episodic memory tasks provide a specific hypothesis regarding the computation that supports such a jump back in time. The models suggest that a representation of temporal context, a representation that changes gradually over macroscopic periods of time, is the cue for episodic recall. According to these models, a jump back in time corresponds to a stimulus …

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Parenting As Phenotype: A Behavioral Genetic Approach To Understanding Parenting, Shirley Mcguire, Nancy Segal, S. Hershberger Jan 2012

Parenting As Phenotype: A Behavioral Genetic Approach To Understanding Parenting, Shirley Mcguire, Nancy Segal, S. Hershberger

Psychology

This article discusses the behavioral genetic (BG) approach to parenting. Parenting is considered a phenotype that can be influenced by nature and nurture. Genetic contributions to parenting are conceptualized as evidence of genotype–environment correlation (rGE). Early BG studies focused on demonstrating that some parenting dimensions were heritable due to passive and evocative rGE processes. Current studies are investigating moderators and mediators of genetic and environmental contributions to parenting. The paper uses parent and child report data on parental warmth from the Twins, Adoptees, Peers, and Siblings study to illustrate the BG approach. Results show that heritability is …

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A Prospective Study Of Religiousness And Psychological Distress Among Female Survivors Of Hurricanes Katrina And Rita, C. S. Chan, J. E. Rhodes, John E. Perez Jan 2012

A Prospective Study Of Religiousness And Psychological Distress Among Female Survivors Of Hurricanes Katrina And Rita, C. S. Chan, J. E. Rhodes, John E. Perez

Psychology

This prospective study examined the pathways by which religious involvement affected the postdisaster psychological functioning of women who survived Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The participants were 386 low-income, predominantly Black, single mothers. The women were enrolled in the study before the hurricane, providing a rare opportunity to document changes in mental health from before to after the storm, and to assess the protective role of religious involvement over time. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that, controlling for level of exposure to the hurricanes, pre-disaster physical health, age, and number of children, predisaster religiousness predicted higher levels of post-disaster (1) …

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Family Structure And Risk Factors: An Investigation Into Emotional And Behavioural Outcomes For Nine-Year-Olds., Zara Lafferty Jan 2012

Family Structure And Risk Factors: An Investigation Into Emotional And Behavioural Outcomes For Nine-Year-Olds., Zara Lafferty

Dissertations

This study examined the relationship between family structure and risk factors for children’s emotional and behavioural outcomes at 9 years of age. Family structure in this study is defined as; married, separated, divorced, widowed and never married families. Three risk factors were identified from the literature; economic deprivation, maternal depression and life events. This study is a cross sectional quantitative analysis of the ‘Growing Up in Ireland’s’ child cohort (9 year olds) dataset. This is nationally representative sample of 9 year old children living in Ireland; the sample was collected through a two-stage, stratified random sampling approach. Of the 8,568 …

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Defying Victimhood: Women As Activists And Peacebuilders, Anara Tabyshalieva, Albrecht Schnabel Jan 2012

Defying Victimhood: Women As Activists And Peacebuilders, Anara Tabyshalieva, Albrecht Schnabel

History Faculty Research

We provide evidence in support of the growing understanding at international, national and local levels that while – and because – women are disproportionately affected by war, they can be powerful agents of positive and sustainable change if brought on board and given the chance to participate in every aspect of a society’s peacebuilding process.

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General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt, Noah H. Silbert Jan 2012

General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt, Noah H. Silbert

Joseph W. Houpt

General Recognition Theory (GRT; Ashby & Townsend, 1986) is a multidimensional theory of classification. Originally developed to study various types of perceptual independence, it has also been widely employed in diverse cognitive venues, such as categorization. The initial theory and applications have been static, that is, lacking a time variable and focusing on patterns of responses, such as confusion matrices. Ashby proposed a parallel, dynamic stochastic version of GRT with application to perceptual independence based on discrete linear systems theory with imposed noise \citep{Ash89}. The current study again focuses on cognitive/perceptual independence within an identification classification paradigm. We extend stochastic …

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The Death Of Coptic?, Mariam Ayad Dr. Jan 2012

The Death Of Coptic?, Mariam Ayad Dr.

Sociology, Egyptology & Anthropology Department: Faculty Work

Tracing the Egyptian (hieroglyphic) etymology of the Coptic Paschal hymn, this paper discusses the use of Coptic as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox church, and the role of the church as a cultural purveyor.

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Coptic Art- What Is It To 21st-Century Youth?, Mariam Ayad Dr. Jan 2012

Coptic Art- What Is It To 21st-Century Youth?, Mariam Ayad Dr.

Sociology, Egyptology & Anthropology Department: Faculty Work

Coptic iconographer Fadi Mikhail writes about what prompted him to select an ancient form of artistic expression as a venue for his creativity and talent, while Ayad discusses some of the unique features that set Mikhail's icons apart.

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New Documents On The Life And Death Of Domenico Enegildo Frediani (1783-1823), Traveller And Poet In Egypt And The Sudan, Daniele Salvoldi Dr. Jan 2012

New Documents On The Life And Death Of Domenico Enegildo Frediani (1783-1823), Traveller And Poet In Egypt And The Sudan, Daniele Salvoldi Dr.

Sociology, Egyptology & Anthropology Department: Faculty Work

Domenico Enegildo Frediani (1783-1823) is that kind of forgotten travellers whose death is shrouded in the mystery of a foreign country, cursed with madness and destruction of his literary work. Even though the documentation amassed by Arturo Wolynski in 1891 is quite huge a total of seventy-six pages still much is unknown about this early Tuscan traveller. Since the publication of this first, and only, essay on his life, more documents that could shed new light on his African explorations and on his death have been uncovered.

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