Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Physical Activity And Energy Expenditure In Haemodialysis Patients: An International Survey, Carla Maria Avesani, Stanislas Trolonge, Patrik Deleaval, Flavia Baria, Denise Mafra, Gerd Faxen-Irving, Phillipe Chauveau, Daniel Teta, Maria Ayako Kamimura, Maria Chan, Lilian Cuppari, Olof Heimburger, Denis Fouque

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background. The assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure is relevant to the care of maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate measurements of physical activity and energy expenditure in MHD patients from different centres and countries and explored the predictors of physical activity in these patients. Methods. In this cross-sectional multicentre study, 134MHD patients from four countries (France, Switzerland, Sweden and Brazil) were included. The physical activity was evaluated for 5.0 6 1.4 days (mean 6 SD) by a multisensory device (SenseWear Armband) and comprised the assessment of number of steps per day, activity-related …

Gender Differences In Wheelchair Marathon Performances - Oita Wheelchair Marathon From 1983 To 2011, Romuald Lepers, Paul J. Stapley, Beat Knechtle

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The purpose of the study was (1) to examine the changes in participation and performance of males and females at the Oita International Wheelchair Marathon in Oita, Japan, between 1983 and 2011, and (2) to analyze the gender difference in the age of peak wheelchair marathon performance. Methods: Age and time performance data for all wheelchair athletes completing the Oita International Wheelchair Marathon from 1983 to 2011 were analyzed. Results: Mean annual number of finishers was 123 ± 43 for males and 6 ± 3 for females (5.0% ± 2.0% of all finishers), respectively. Mean age of overall finishers …

Poor Knowledge And Practices Related To Iodine Nutrition During Pregnancy And Lactation In Australian Women: Pre-And Post-Iodine Fortification, Karen Charlton, Heather Yeatman, Catherine Lucas, Samantha Axford, Luke Gemming, Fiona Houweling, Alison Goodfellow, Gary Ma

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A before-after review was undertaken to assess whether knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition, supplementation and fortification has improved in Australian women since the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification in 2009. Surveys of pregnant (n = 139) and non-pregnant (n = 75) women in 2007-2008 are compared with surveys of pregnant (n = 147) and lactating women (n = 60) one to two years post-fortification in a regional area of New South Wales, Australia. A self-administered questionnaire was completed and dietary intake of iodine was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A generally poor knowledge about the role …

Narrative Medicine: Learning Through Stories, Christopher J. Degeling

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Animal owners typically speak as storytellers: they communicate concerns about their animals through a narrative. Chris Degeling argues that, rather than being a distraction, a better understanding of the nature of storytelling can help veterinarians build relationships that are both morally and clinically valuable.

Testing Relationships: Ethical Arguments For Screening For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Hba1c, Christopher J. Degeling, Melanie Rock, Wendy Rogers

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Since the 1990s, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) has been the gold standard for monitoring glycaemic control in people diagnosed as having either type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Discussions are underway about diagnosing diabetes mellitus on the basis of HbA1C titres and using HbA1C tests to screen for T2DM. These discussions have focused on the relative benefits for individual patients, with some attention directed towards reduced costs to healthcare systems and benefits to society. We argue that there are strong ethical reasons for adopting HbA1C-based diagnosis and T2DM screening that have not yet been articulated. The …

Hemoglobin A1c As A Diagnostic Tool: Public Health Implications From An Actor-Network Perspective, Christopher J. Degeling, Melanie Rock

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Public health arguments for collecting hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) data, particularly in clinical settings, should be reframed to place more emphasis on nonmedical determinants of population health. We compare individual- with population-level interpretations of HbA1c titers. This comparison reveals that public health researchers need to pay close attention to diagnostic tests and their uses, including rhetorical uses. We also synthesize historical and current evidence to map out 2 possible scenarios for the future. In the first scenario, prevention efforts emphasize primary care and focus almost entirely downstream. The second scenario anticipates downstream interventions but also upstream interventions targeting environments. Our analysis …

Evidence-Based Practice?, Colin Binns, Jonine Jancey, Peter Howat, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Editorial

'It's Not About Money, It's About My Health': Determinants Of Participation And Adherence Among Women In An Hiv-Hsv2 Prevention Trial In Johannesburg, South Africa, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Philippe Mayaud

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

High levels of adherence in clinical trials are essential for producing accurate intervention efficacy estimates. Adherence to clinical trial products and procedures is dependent on the motivations that drive participants. Data are presented to document reasons for trial participation and adherence to daily aciclovir for HSV-2 and HIV-1 genital shedding suppression among 300 HIV-1/HSV-2 seropositive women in South Africa. In-depth interviews after exit from the trial with 31 randomly selected women stratified by age and time since HIV diagnosis confirmed high levels of adherence measured during the trial. Main reasons for trial participation were related to seeking high-quality health care, …

Perceptions Of Sexual Risk Compensation Following Posttrial Hiv Vaccine Uptake Among Young South Africans, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Jennifer Sayles, William Cunningham, Peter Newman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Concerns about the impact of risk compensation on advances in biomedical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention technologies have been documented. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using focus group discussions with young South African men and women (aged 18 to 24 years) to explore perceptions of risk compensation with regard to a hypothetical posttrial HIV vaccine. During the discussions, participants expressed their disquiet about the potential for risk compensation and the manner in which this might manifest among young people. Discussions specifically focused on reductions in condom use, an increase in multiple partners, and increased frequency of sex. The discussions …

Development Of A Soil Carbon Index For Iowa Mineral Soils, M. M. Al-Kaisi, T. E. Fenton, J. G. Guzman, B. R. O'Neal

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

A carbon index (Cl) is one of many soil quality indicators that depends on organic carbon concentration. One of the values of a soil carbon index is in determining the impact of agriculture practices (i.e., tillage, crop rotation, N management, etc.) on soil organic matter status of mineral soils. Interactions of climate, parent material, topography, time, and organisms including human activities influence soil organic carbon (SOC). This study developed a soil carbon index for mineral soil map units in Iowa using data collected by the Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey Laboratory and the USDA Soil Survey Laboratory for over 2,300 soil …

Perspectives: Developing And Defining Both Science And Science Education As Disciplines, Robert E. Yager

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The six "domains" have been identified as features for the "doing" of science. These six are: Concept, Process, Creativity, Attitude, Application, and Worldview. They are offered to affect teaching, student learning, as well as a new way of defining science. Concepts and Processes often are the only two typically used to define school and college science content; Creativity and Positive Attitudes are added as two "enabling" domains; a fifth Domain is offered as a focus on the Application of typical concepts and process skills. It is the Domain where and how most people live and operate! The sixth Domain is …

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Sciences Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Social Media For Academic Libraries, David J. Fiander

FIMS Publications

This chapter discusses the value of the academic library engaging with its users via social media sites like Facebook and Twitter. The chapter provides some background on research into how libraries have experimented with using Facebook for outreach and how the user community has responded. It gives a brief outline of the process for creating a rich Facebook page for an academic library system and tips for how to market a Facebook page or Twitter account, and how to use social media accounts to promote the library’s services. Finally, it provides some guidance for how an academic library should think …

Public Library Use Of Free E-Resources, Heather Hill, Jenny Bossaller

FIMS Publications

This article describes a multi-method research project examining the use of various freely available online collections and projects, such as Project Gutenberg, the Internet Archive, and Creative Commons-licensed ebooks, by public libraries. This research begins with the questions: what are libraries doing with freely available materials? Are there barriers to incorporating them into the collection? What role are librarians playing in expanding access and awareness of these resources?

Religion And The Prospects For “Thin” Politics, Aaron Stuvland

Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics

Religion is a common source of “thick” morality and therefore a common obstacle to public policy consensus in pluralistic societies. But religion also adapts its thick moral commitments to prevailing social, cultural, and procedural dispositions. Engaging the model of “thick moralities and thin politics” proposed by Benjamin Gregg (), I explore the process by which religion adapts to the demands of normatively “thin” politics. To conceptualize this, I survey how American Christianity is negotiating aspects of postmodernism and how this negotiation offers one way to understand religion’s increased engagement with politics at the level of thin normativity. Thus, I would …

Random Ramblings - Niche Research, Silos, And Collection Development, Robert P. Holley

School of Information Sciences Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Random Ramblings - Does The Focus On Banned Books Subtly Undermine Intellectual Freedom?, Robert P. Holley

School of Information Sciences Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Random Ramblings - The Difference Between A Great And A Good Research Library: Yesterday, Today, And Tomorrow, Robert P. Holley

School of Information Sciences Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Berberine, Chelerythrine, And Sanguinarine On Proliferation In Four Human Immortalized Cell Lines, David S. Senchina, Nisarg B. Shah, Marc G. Busch

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L., Papaveraceae) is a plant rich in benzophenanchridine (isoquinoline) alkaloids such as sanguinarine and chelerychrine. Both isolated alkaloids and whole-tissue rhizome extracts have demonstrated in vitro anticarcinogenic (antiproliferacive) activity in limited immortalized cell culture models, but the relative contribution of various alkaloid constituents to whole-tissue extract activity, and whether or not various alkaloids may act synergistically, has not been investigated. We challenged four immortalized cell lines (Jurkat, K562, Ramos, U937) with various doses of chelerythrine, sanguinarine, and berberine (a structurally and functionally similar alkaloid absent from bloodroot), alone and in all possible combinations, and measured proliferation …

Table Of Contents (Back Cover)

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Swiss Foundation On Mine Action 2012 Annual Report, Fsd

Global CWD Repository

The adventure of the Swiss Foundation on Mine Action (FSD) started 16 years ago with demining activities and the destruction of antipersonnel mines. It is only natural that the FSD very quickly broadened the range of its activities to encompass all types of mines and unexploded ordnances of war.

Thanks to the know-how it acquired and to its experience in project management, FSD was able to successfully embark on new projects dealing with all types of explosives, be it in or on the ground like cluster munitions, battlefield clearance, ammunitions stockpile management and destruction of stocks.

Today our demining activities …

Danchurchaid 2012 Annual Report, Dca

Global CWD Repository

DanChurchAid’s purpose is to empower the world’s poorest in their struggle for a dignified life. The work is based on a Christian view of human nature as well as respect for the individual’s human rights and the equality of all human beings. DanChurchAid has its roots in the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church, but works wherever the need is greatest irrespective of religion, gender, political conviction, race, nationality or ethnicity, disability or sexual orientation. DanChurchAid carries out humanitarian and development aid and mine clearance in close cooperation with churches and other cooperative partners. DanChurchAid is an independent organisation. The work is …

Apopo Annual Report 2012, Apopo

Global CWD Repository

In 2012, APOPO’s Mine Action Mozambique program delivered beyond set requirements and exceeded the expectations of the country’s national demining authority. APOPO fi nished its work in the Gaza province and declared it free of known minefi elds a year ahead of the initial schedule of 2013. This excellent achievement was realized due to the successful expansion of the program’s capacity. During the handover ceremony, HRH Princess Astrid of Belgium commended the work in Gaza as “a shining example of how national priorities can be achieved with the right partnerships, sustained effort and, most importantly, sheer human intent”.

The focus …

Front Matter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Evidence From Detrital Zircon Ages For Middle Pennsylvanian Uplift And Drainage In The Source Area Of The Chariton Conglomerate And Marmaton Group Sandstones, Southern Iowa And Northern Missouri, Scott Mcfadden, Steven H. Emerman, Jane Pedrick Dawson, Kevin A. Rey, Tracy Kemp Anderson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The Chariton Conglomerate is a quartz/limestone conglomerate of Middle Pennsylvanian age sparsely exposed in southern Iowa and northern Missouri. In Iowa it is characterized by quartz granules and rounded crinoid columnals. The objective of this study was to use detrital zircon ages to determine the provenance of the Chariton Conglomerate and possibly associated Marmaton Group sandstone beds. Detrital zircon ages were obtained for five conglomerate and two sandstone beds of the Chariton Conglomerate in Iowa, three conglomerate beds of the Chariton Conglomerate in Missouri, and two sandstone beds of the Marmaton Group in Iowa. According to the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff Test, the …

Harlan's Ground Sloth (Paramylodon Harlant) (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) From The Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) Of Iowa, H. Gregory Mcdonald

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Harlan's ground sloth, Paramylodon harlani, is documented for the first time from Iowa. The record is based on a fifth metacarpal recovered from a gravel bar within West Tarkio Creek, Page County. While the specimen was not found in situ, and could not be radiocarbon dated, the local geology suggests that it was probably derived from sediments that post-date Peorian loess deposition and is late Wisconsinan in age. This specimen extends the range of Paramylodon 350 km ro the northeast of the closest previously known locality. Its size is slightly larger than average for other late Pleisrocene (Rancholabrean) …

Idle Hands Are The Devil’S Tools: The Geopolitics And Geoeconomics Of Hunger, Jamey Essex

Political Science Publications

In current geopolitical and geoeconomic discourses, hunger is understood as both a threat to be contained, resulting in an often severe social and spatial localization of food insecurity, and a humanitarian problem to be solved through diffuse global flows of food and other aid. The resulting scalar tensions demonstrate the potentially contradictory alignment of geopolitics and geoeconomics within processes of globalization and neoliberalization. This article examines the geopolitical and geoeconomic place of hunger and the hungry through a critical analysis of the food-for-work (FFW) approach to combating hunger. FFW programs distribute food aid in exchange for labor, and have long …

The Politics Of Effectiveness In Canada’S International Development Assistance, Jamey Essex

Political Science Publications

Despite promoting innovations in multilateralism and aid, Canadian development assistance often operates in politically instrumental ways and has been criticized as wasteful and ineffective. Aid effectiveness has thus become a central rubric for programming and assessing aid at the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and a primary means for reforming the global aid architecture. The meaning of effectiveness, however, is not straightforward; it refers variously to development progress, operational efficiency and political utility. This article examines CIDA’s effectiveness agenda, focusing on the 2009 Food Security Strategy and the geographic concentration of aid in countries of focus. It argues that this …

Arrest History And Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration In A Sample Of Men And Women Arrested For Domestic Violence, Ryan C. Shorey, Andrew Ninnemann, Joanna Elmquist, Lindsay Labrecque, Heather Zucosky, Jeniimarie Febres, Hope Brasfield, Gregory Lyal Stuart

Psychology Publications and Other Works

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious and prevalent problem throughout the United States. Currently, individuals arrested for domestic violence are often court mandated to batterer intervention programs (BIPs). However, little is known about the arrest histories of these individuals, especially women. The current study examined the arrest histories of men (n = 303) and women (n = 82) arrested for domestic violence and court-referred to BIPs. Results demonstrated that over 30% of the entire sample had been previously arrested for a non-violent offense, and over 25% of the participants had been previously arrested for a violent offense other than …