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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2012

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Institution
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Articles 22471 - 22500 of 23316

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Evil Technology Hypothesis: A Deep Ecological Reading Of International Law, Luigi Russi, Ugo Mattei Dec 2011

The Evil Technology Hypothesis: A Deep Ecological Reading Of International Law, Luigi Russi, Ugo Mattei

Luigi Russi

This short paper advances the hypothesis that international law, far from being a purely neutral “indeterminate” technology that can lend itself to both good and bad uses, might actually be structurally biased to produce exploitative outcomes. This hypothesis is presented through several steps. The first part presents Martti Koskenniemi’s indeterminacy thesis, followed by Anthony Anghie’s depiction of international law as a technology. The possibility of an inherent bias of technology, such that it will lend itself to exploitative uses, even with the best of intentions, is then introduced in Section III, using the writing of radical ecological thinkers Ran Prieur …

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Teatro Valle Occupato: La Rivolta Culturale Per I Beni Comuni, Ugo Mattei Dec 2011

Teatro Valle Occupato: La Rivolta Culturale Per I Beni Comuni, Ugo Mattei

Ugo Mattei

No abstract provided.

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Beyond Traditional Notions Of Validity: Selecting Appropriate Measures For Occupational Therapy Practice., Andrew Johnson, Briana Zur, Eric Roy, Debbie Laliberte-Rudman, Jennie Wells Dec 2011

Beyond Traditional Notions Of Validity: Selecting Appropriate Measures For Occupational Therapy Practice., Andrew Johnson, Briana Zur, Eric Roy, Debbie Laliberte-Rudman, Jennie Wells

Andrew M. Johnson

Increasingly, tied to factors such as increased emphasis on accountability and health care spending restraints, occupational therapists are required to implement evidence-based practice. When implementing evidence-based assessment, it is critical that occupational therapists examine and challenge some of the assumptions underlying the current use of measures, as well as the conclusions being drawn from their use. In order to most effectively judge the appropriateness of measures informing their assessments, interventions and recommendations, occupational therapists must draw upon measurement theory and concepts. To date, occupational therapy literature has predominantly emphasized a narrow conceptualization of validity that focuses on empirical evidence. The …

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Members Matter In Team Training: Multilevel And Longitudinal Relationships Between Goal Orientation, Self-Regulation, And Team Outcomes, Erich Dierdorff, Kemp Ellington Dec 2011

Members Matter In Team Training: Multilevel And Longitudinal Relationships Between Goal Orientation, Self-Regulation, And Team Outcomes, Erich Dierdorff, Kemp Ellington

Erich C. Dierdorff

Longitudinal data from 338 individuals across 64 teams in a simulation-based team-training context were used to examine the effects of dispositional goal orientation on self-regulated learning (self-efficacy and metacognition). Team goal orientation compositions, as reflected by average goal orientations of team members, were examined for moderating effects on these individual-level relationships. Finally, individual-level self-regulation was investigated for its influence on multiple team-level outcomes across time. Results showed generally positive effects of learning goal orientation and negative effects of avoid performance and prove performance goal orientations on rates of self-regulation during team training. However, several of these individual-level relationships were moderated …

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Depictions Of Husbands In Miscarriage Accounts, Jennifer Fairchild, Michael Arrington Dec 2011

Depictions Of Husbands In Miscarriage Accounts, Jennifer Fairchild, Michael Arrington

Jennifer Fairchild Ph.D.

Little research has employed social support literature to investigate the support needs of women coping with the loss of a child—or the potential of partners to fulfill those needs. The researchers gathered miscarriage narratives through interviews with 24 women and analyzed the depictions of supportive and unsupportive responses from husbands. Narrators perceived partners either as ideal support sources or as clueless to enact support.

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The Impact Of Insecurity On Democracy And Trust In Institutions In Mexico, Luisa Blanco Dec 2011

The Impact Of Insecurity On Democracy And Trust In Institutions In Mexico, Luisa Blanco

Luisa Blanco

Using survey data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) and Encuesta Nacional Sobre la Inseguridad (ENSI) for Mexico during the period 2004-2010, this paper analyses the impact of insecurity and crime victimization on support and satisfaction with democracy and trust in institutions. With the LAPOP data, perceptions about higher insecurity decrease support and satisfaction with democracy. Perceptions of insecurity and crime victimization have a negative significant effect on trust in institutions, and this finding is robust to using LAPOP and ENSI data. Perceptions of insecurity and crime victimization have a larger negative effect on trust in institutions that …

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The Role Of Relational Self-Construal In Reactions To Charity Advertisements, K. Burton, Jonathan Gore, Jennifer Sturgeon Dec 2011

The Role Of Relational Self-Construal In Reactions To Charity Advertisements, K. Burton, Jonathan Gore, Jennifer Sturgeon

Jonathan Gore

Three studies examined the effect of relational self-construal on attitudes and behaviors toward charity advertisements after controlling for sex. In Study 1, 110 undergraduates completed a measure of relational self-construal and a questionnaire assessing liking toward charity advertisements. Study 2 (n = 121) utilized the same procedure as Study 1, but measured perceived effectiveness of the advertisements. Study 3 (n = 90) used a behavioral measure of helping. The results demonstrated that those with a highly relational self-construal had more favorable attitudes toward the advertisements and were more likely to help. This indicates that charities may consider targeting individuals who …

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The Development Of A Distance Learning Program: Sport Management Education, Alan Kornspan, Sean Cai, Michael Duve, Victor Pinheiro Dec 2011

The Development Of A Distance Learning Program: Sport Management Education, Alan Kornspan, Sean Cai, Michael Duve, Victor Pinheiro

Alan S Kornspan

No abstract provided.

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Field Placement: Where The Rubber Hits The Road, Cecile Brennan, Paula Britton, Christopher Faiver Dec 2011

Field Placement: Where The Rubber Hits The Road, Cecile Brennan, Paula Britton, Christopher Faiver

Cecile Brennan

No abstract provided.

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Manufacturers' Outsourcing To Staffing Services, Matthew Dey, Susan Houseman, Anne Polivka Dec 2011

Manufacturers' Outsourcing To Staffing Services, Matthew Dey, Susan Houseman, Anne Polivka

Susan N. Houseman

No abstract provided.

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The New Market Affair: Scouting For Gold In The Hills Of The Shenandoah Valley, Kembrew Mcleod Dec 2011

The New Market Affair: Scouting For Gold In The Hills Of The Shenandoah Valley, Kembrew Mcleod

Kembrew McLeod

No abstract provided.

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Youth And Administrator Perspectives On Transition In Kentucky's State Agency Schools, Norman Powell, Amy Marshall, Doris Pierce, Ronnie Nolan Dec 2011

Youth And Administrator Perspectives On Transition In Kentucky's State Agency Schools, Norman Powell, Amy Marshall, Doris Pierce, Ronnie Nolan

Norman W. Powell

Students, a large percentage with disabilities, are at high risk for poor post-secondary outcomes in nontraditional state agency schools. This mixed methods study described transition within Kentucky's state agency education programs, from the perspectives of youth and administrators. Results indicated: that transition is more narrowly defined within alternative education programs; that key strengths of transition practice are present in nontraditional schools; and that the coordination barriers within this fluid interagency transition system are most apparent in students' frequent inter-setting transitions between nontraditional and home schools.

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Communication Center Ethos: Remediating Space, Encouraging Collaboration, Russell Carpenter, Shawn Apostel Dec 2011

Communication Center Ethos: Remediating Space, Encouraging Collaboration, Russell Carpenter, Shawn Apostel

Shawn Apostel

A collection that examines the centers that support communication departments or across-the-curriculum programs as higher education focuses more attention on the communication field. The authors in this text address theoretical issues covering topics such as the importance of communication centers to higher education, the effects of communication centers on retention, critical thinking in the center, ethics, and more. These essays also explore ideas about center’s set-up and use of space, staff training, technology applications, and campus advertising and outreach. Communication Centers organizes cutting-edge knowledge of the theory and empirical research so as to serve practical use to peer tutors and …

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Governance-Default Risk Relationship And The Demand For Intermediated And Non-Intermediated Debt, Safdar Khan Dec 2011

Governance-Default Risk Relationship And The Demand For Intermediated And Non-Intermediated Debt, Safdar Khan

Safdar Khan

No abstract provided.

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Condom Use Among U.S. Young Adult Black Women: An Integrated Cognitive Approach, Grace Loudd Dec 2011

Condom Use Among U.S. Young Adult Black Women: An Integrated Cognitive Approach, Grace Loudd

Grace Loudd

This study examines how cognitive influences such as sexual self-schema, HIV-related stigma, perception of HIV risk and condom sexual self-efficacy influence condom use at last sex among young adult Black women. An integrated theoretical framework consisting of The Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory and Intersectionality Theory were presented to explore how these cognitive influences impact condom use at last sex among young adult Black women. The present study was based on a secondary data analysis collected by the Baylor College of Medicine Teen Clinic located in Houston, TX. Young adult Black women with high condom sexual self-efficacy are 33.2% …

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An Exploratory Analysis Of At-Will Employment In The State Of Georgia, Andrew Ewoh, Olayinka Tejuoso Dec 2011

An Exploratory Analysis Of At-Will Employment In The State Of Georgia, Andrew Ewoh, Olayinka Tejuoso

Andrew I.E. Ewoh

Under review for publication at Annals of Management Science.

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Technology Use In Youth And Young Adults: Developmental And Clinical Implications, Tiffani Kisler, Sue Adams, J. Daly Dec 2011

Technology Use In Youth And Young Adults: Developmental And Clinical Implications, Tiffani Kisler, Sue Adams, J. Daly

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

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Acquire And Diagnose: Linking The Problem With Finding Best Sources Of Evidence, Kimberly Whalen Dec 2011

Acquire And Diagnose: Linking The Problem With Finding Best Sources Of Evidence, Kimberly Whalen

Kimberly J. Whalen

No abstract provided.

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Motivational Interviewing And Smoking Behaviours: A Critical Appraisal And Literature Review Of Selected Cessation Initiatives, Tara Mantler, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow Dec 2011

Motivational Interviewing And Smoking Behaviours: A Critical Appraisal And Literature Review Of Selected Cessation Initiatives, Tara Mantler, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

The present paper systematically reviewed and critically appraised three different dimensions of motivational interviewing currently utilized in smoking cessation initiatives: social support, motivation, and tailored interventions. A review of four databases generated 57 primary articles, 17 of which met the inclusion criteria of an intervention study utilizing at least one dimension of motivational interviewing, adults between 18 and 64 years, no comorbidities, and a follow-up period of at least 6 weeks. More than 11,600 participants are represented in this review. The implementation of social support, motivation, and tailored interventions yielded mixed results. Furthermore, threats to validity emerged, including self-report, follow-up …

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Blurring The Personal/Professional Line: Using Social Media To Enhance User Engagement [Presentation File], Nedda Ahmed Dec 2011

Blurring The Personal/Professional Line: Using Social Media To Enhance User Engagement [Presentation File], Nedda Ahmed

Nedda H Ahmed

No abstract provided.

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Communicating H1n1 Risk To University Students: A Regional Cross-Sectional Survey-Study, Francisco Soto Mas Dec 2011

Communicating H1n1 Risk To University Students: A Regional Cross-Sectional Survey-Study, Francisco Soto Mas

Francisco Soto Mas

The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ self-reported knowledge, behavior, and behavioral intention regarding H1N1 influenza. Participants included students at a major university in the southwestern US. Data were collected in early spring 2010 through a 24-item selfadministered survey. Outcome variables included knowledge, behavior and intention. A total of 483 students participated. Most reported trying to prevent H1N1 influenza though specific behaviors. Many lacked knowledge about symptoms and treatment; a few (10%) had been vaccinated; and half had no intention of getting vaccinated or practicing self-isolation. Gender and age were significantly associated with the three outcome variables. …

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Using Secondary Sources Of Work Information To Improve Work Analysis, Erich Dierdorff Dec 2011

Using Secondary Sources Of Work Information To Improve Work Analysis, Erich Dierdorff

Erich C. Dierdorff

No abstract provided.

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Translation, With An Introduction, Of Imagined Globalization, George Yudice, Néstor García Canclini Dec 2011

Translation, With An Introduction, Of Imagined Globalization, George Yudice, Néstor García Canclini

George Yúdice

No abstract provided.

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Mastery: A Lesson From Maria In Venezuela, Norman Powell, Sandra Powell Dec 2011

Mastery: A Lesson From Maria In Venezuela, Norman Powell, Sandra Powell

Norman W. Powell

A youth worker finds hidden strengths in a young homeless teen mother.

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Less Is More? 20 Years Of Changing Minimum Income Protection For Old Europe’S Elderly, Tim Goedemé Dec 2011

Less Is More? 20 Years Of Changing Minimum Income Protection For Old Europe’S Elderly, Tim Goedemé

Tim Goedemé

Over the past two decades, pension reforms have been at the top of the agenda of social policy makers in Europe. In many countries, these reforms have resulted in less generous public pensions. At the same time, minimum income protection for the elderly has received attention from policy makers, but much less so from social policy researchers. Therefore, in this paper, I explore how benefit levels of non-contributory minimum income schemes for the elderly have evolved between 1990 and 2009 in 13 ‘old’ EU member states. Building on two new cross-national and cross-temporary comparable datasets on minimum income protection in …

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Performance Art At The (Virginia) Margins: Anthony Restivo's Far Off And All Aflame, Carey Sargent, Rachel Thompson, Wendy Hsu Dec 2011

Performance Art At The (Virginia) Margins: Anthony Restivo's Far Off And All Aflame, Carey Sargent, Rachel Thompson, Wendy Hsu

Carey L Sargent

In a small college town in western Virginia, writer Anthony Restivo searches for unmediated honesty through his very public endurance art. In the midst of media attention, misinformation, and his physical struggle to complete a 22-day piece, Restivo creates fleeting moments of intimacy in the town's first known work of performance art.

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The Distinguishing Characteristics Of Narrative Identity In Adults With Features Of Borderline Personality Disorder: An Empirical Investigation, Jonathan Adler, Erica Chin, Aiswarya Kolisetty, Thomas Oltmanns Dec 2011

The Distinguishing Characteristics Of Narrative Identity In Adults With Features Of Borderline Personality Disorder: An Empirical Investigation, Jonathan Adler, Erica Chin, Aiswarya Kolisetty, Thomas Oltmanns

Jonathan M. Adler

While identity disturbance has long been considered one of the defining features of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), the present study marks only the third empirical investigation to assess it and the first to do so from the perspective of research on narrative identity. Drawing on the rich tradition of studying narrative identity, the present study examined identity disturbance in a group of 40 mid-life adults, 20 with features of BPD and a matched sample of 20 without BPD. Extensive life story interviews were analyzed for a variety of narrative elements and the themes of agency, communion fulfillment (but not communion), …

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Terrorism, Brenda Lutz, James Lutz Dec 2011

Terrorism, Brenda Lutz, James Lutz

James M Lutz

No abstract provided.

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Using Library Resources And Technology To Develop Global And Collaborative Workspaces, Sonya Shepherd Dec 2011

Using Library Resources And Technology To Develop Global And Collaborative Workspaces, Sonya Shepherd

Sonya S. Gaither

Information literacy is defined as a "set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information" (ACRL, 2011). Similarly, the "Big6®" consists of (i) defining the task, (ii) defining strategies for seeking information, (iii) locating and accessing information, (iv) knowing how to use the information found, (v) knowing how to synthesize the information found, and (vi) knowing how to evaluate the information found (Eisenberg, 2012). Regardless of whether we are talking about information literacy or the "Big6", there are commonalities in what is being done and taught. Why should K-16 students, instructors, and researchers spend time navigating to find …

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Accident, Adaptation, And Teleology In Empedocles, Aristotle, And Darwinism, David Depew Dec 2011

Accident, Adaptation, And Teleology In Empedocles, Aristotle, And Darwinism, David Depew

David J Depew

It is sometimes said that Darwin reintroduced an Empedoclean account of organic origins into biology. It is true that Empedocles posited accidentally compounded and conjoined body parts that coalesce into organisms. Some of these conjunctions perpetuate themselves, he asserted, because they are stable in their environments. Those failing to meet this test, he continued, "perish and continue to perish" by a selection process. I argue, however, that the analogy between Darwinian natural selection and Empedocles’s appeal to "incidental (kata symbebekos, per accidens)" final causality, as his critic Aristotle calls it, is mistaken. My argument also shows that in spite of …

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