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2012

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Articles 22501 - 22530 of 23316

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Geopolitics Of China's Global Resources Quest, Sophal Ear Dec 2011

The Geopolitics Of China's Global Resources Quest, Sophal Ear

Sophal Ear

No abstract provided.

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What Explains The Gender Gap In Financial Literacy? The Role Of Household Decision-Making, Raquel Fonseca, Kathleen Mullen, Gema Zamarro, Julie Zissimopoulos Dec 2011

What Explains The Gender Gap In Financial Literacy? The Role Of Household Decision-Making, Raquel Fonseca, Kathleen Mullen, Gema Zamarro, Julie Zissimopoulos

Gema Zamarro

Research has shown that financial illiteracy is widespread among women, and that many women are unfamiliar with even the most basic economic concepts needed to make saving and investment decisions. This gender gap in financial literacy may contribute to the differential levels of retirement preparedness between women and men. However, little is known about the determinants of the gender gap in financial literacy. Using data from the RAND American Life Panel, the authors examined potential explanations for the gender gap including the role of marriage and division of financial decision-making among couples. They found that differences in the demographic characteristics …

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New Historical Materialism, Extractive Economies, And Socioeconomic And Environmental Change, Paul Ciccantell Dec 2011

New Historical Materialism, Extractive Economies, And Socioeconomic And Environmental Change, Paul Ciccantell

Paul Ciccantell

In this chapter, I examine the dual character of the role of raw materials in the evolution of the capitalist world-economy. The following sections will outline the key elements of new historical materialism, a theoretical model that builds on the work of Wallerstein (1974, 1979), Chase-Dunn (1989), and Arrighi (1994, 2009) in order to understand the multiple roles of raw materials in shaping the past five centuries of the capitalist world-economy. New historical materialism highlights the need to examine economic ascent in the core, the exploitation of the periphery, the relationships between these processes, and the impacts of these relationships …

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The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Prescriptive Obesity Intervention On University Students' Self-Esteem And Functional Health Status, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow Dec 2011

The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Prescriptive Obesity Intervention On University Students' Self-Esteem And Functional Health Status, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

Background: Previous studies incorporating Motivational Interviewing administered via Co‐Active Life Coaching tools (MI‐via‐CALC) have elicited positive results among adults with obesity. However, there is a paucity of this research that includes sufficient power and a comparison group. This study's purpose was to compare MI‐via‐CALC with a validated obesity intervention among university students. Methods: Participants (n = 45) were randomised to either a telephone‐based 12‐week: (a) MI‐via‐CALC program whereby a certified coach worked with subjects to achieve goals through dialogue; or (b) lifestyle modification treatment following the LEARN Program for Weight Management. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and Short Form …

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Using Personality Profiles And Gender To Predict Affect, Chelsey Vandyke, Jonathan Gore Dec 2011

Using Personality Profiles And Gender To Predict Affect, Chelsey Vandyke, Jonathan Gore

Jonathan Gore

Despite the abundance of research examining the association between personality traits and affect, few researchers have examined personality profiles. The hypotheses tested in this study examined how gender, extraversion, and neuroticism interact to predict positive and negative affect. Participants (n = 2,542) completed personality and mood surveys online. Bivariate correlation analyses and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results supported previous findings about the correlation between neuroticism, extraversion, and negative and positive affect, and people who are high on extraversion and high on neuroticism experienced the most affect variability. The correlation of extraversion and positive affect …

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Negotiating The Gender Divide: Lessons From The Negotiation And Organizational Behavior Literatures, Carol Kulik, Mara Olekalns Dec 2011

Negotiating The Gender Divide: Lessons From The Negotiation And Organizational Behavior Literatures, Carol Kulik, Mara Olekalns

Mara Olekalns

Employment relationships are increasingly personalized, with more employment conditions open to negotiation. Although the intended goal of this personalization is a better and more satisfying employment relationship, personalization may systematically disadvantage members of some demographic groups. This disadvantage is evident for women, who routinely negotiate less desirable employment terms than men. This gender-based gap in outcomes is frequently attributed to differences in the ways that men and women negotiate. We review the negotiation research demonstrating that women are systematically disadvantaged in negotiations and the organizational behavior research examining the backlash experienced by agentic women. We use the Stereotype Content Model …

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Toda Joia, Toda Beleza! Finding What Is Left In The Margins Or Regime Collisions: A Pluralist Take On Managerialism, Luigi Russi, Alfonso Encinas Escobar Dec 2011

Toda Joia, Toda Beleza! Finding What Is Left In The Margins Or Regime Collisions: A Pluralist Take On Managerialism, Luigi Russi, Alfonso Encinas Escobar

Luigi Russi

This paper has two authors, two titles and is written in the form of a dialogue, rather than conveying a unitary voice, as one would instead expect of a coauthored paper. The reason for this is that the articulation of the authors' disagreement, despite the identification of each of them with “the left”, is precisely the object of inquiry. After briefly introducing the problem on which the authors’ discussion takes place, namely regime collisions, and the clash of approaches that are available to (decide whether to) deal with them, a dialogue follows, in which the authors’ voices are clearly separated …

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Are Targeted Killings Unlawful? A Case Study In Empirical Claims Without Empirical Evidence, Greg Mcneal Dec 2011

Are Targeted Killings Unlawful? A Case Study In Empirical Claims Without Empirical Evidence, Greg Mcneal

Greg McNeal

Critics of the U.S. policy of targeted killing by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) generally lack credible information to justify their critiques. In fact, in many circumstances their claims are easily refuted, calling into question the reliability of their criticisms. This chapter highlights some of the most striking examples of inaccurate claims raised by critics of the U.S. policy of drone based targeted killing. Specifically, this chapter offers a much needed corrective to clarify the public record or offer empirical nuance where targeted killing critics offer only unsubstantiated and conclusory statements of fact and law. Section I of this …

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“Inheriting The Homeland? Intergenerational Transmission Of Cross-Border Ties In Migrant Families,”, Thomas Soehl, Roger Waldinger Dec 2011

“Inheriting The Homeland? Intergenerational Transmission Of Cross-Border Ties In Migrant Families,”, Thomas Soehl, Roger Waldinger

Roger D Waldinger

Theories of migrant transnationalism emphasize the enduring imprint of the premigration connections that the newcomers bring with them. But how do the children of migrants raised in the parents’ adopted country develop ties to the parental home country? Using a structural equation model and data from a recent survey of adult immigrant offspring in Los Angeles, this article shows that second generation cross-border activities are strongly affected by earlier experiences of and exposure to home country influences. Socialization in the parental household is powerful, transmitting distinct home country competencies, loyalties, and ties, but not a coherent package of transnationalism. Our …

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Does Personal Distress Mediate The Effect Of Mindfulness On Professional Quality Of Life?, Jacky Thomas Dec 2011

Does Personal Distress Mediate The Effect Of Mindfulness On Professional Quality Of Life?, Jacky Thomas

Jacky T. Thomas

Personal distress is an aspect of the empathy construct which has been negatively associated with a range of psychological and behavioral problems. However, it is unclear whether mindfulness serves to buffer these negative relationships. This study examines direct effects and mediation effects of personal distress and mindfulness among three measures of professional quality of life: compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. This model was tested using a sample of clinical social workers (n = 171). Results indicated that higher personal distress is significantly associated with higher compassion fatigue and burnout and lower compassion satisfaction, while mindfulness is significantly associated with …

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Police Performance Appraisals: A Comparative Perspective, Serdar Gul, Paul O'Connell Dec 2011

Police Performance Appraisals: A Comparative Perspective, Serdar Gul, Paul O'Connell

Serdar Kenan Gul

No abstract provided.

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Arms Control: History, Theory, And Policy, Robert Williams, Paul Viotti Dec 2011

Arms Control: History, Theory, And Policy, Robert Williams, Paul Viotti

Robert E. Williams Jr.

Arms Control: History, Theory, and Policy features in-depth, expert analysis and information on the full spectrum of issues relating to this critical topic. The first major reference on arms control in over a decade, the two-volume set covers historical context, contemporary challenges, and emerging approaches to arms control. Noted experts provide a full spectrum of perspectives on arms control, offering insightful analysis of arms-control agreements and the people and institutions behind them.

Volume 1 provides an accessible historical overview of the subject and a more detailed conceptual analysis of the foundations of arms control. Volume 2 covers the contemporary and …

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Review Of Tanya Sheehan ‘Doctored: The Medicine Of Photography In Nineteenth-Century America’, Patricia Fanning Dec 2011

Review Of Tanya Sheehan ‘Doctored: The Medicine Of Photography In Nineteenth-Century America’, Patricia Fanning

Patricia J. Fanning

The article reviews the book "Doctored: The Medicine of Photography in Nineteenth-Century America," by Tanya Sheehan

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Feminist Evaluation Research, Sharon Brisolara, Denise Seigart Dec 2011

Feminist Evaluation Research, Sharon Brisolara, Denise Seigart

Denise Seigart

Program evaluation emerged as a professional field in the United States during the 1960s with the expansion of social programs during that period. Although evaluation is a discipline in its own right, practitioners often receive training in other fields before embarking on a career in program evaluation. Program evaluation can be described as the application of social science research methods to the assessment of "the conceptualization, design, implementation, and utility of...social intervention programs" (Rossi & Freeman, 1993, p.5). Program evaluation makes use of a range of methods and draws from a range of methodologies used by social science researchers; however, …

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On Equilibrium In Resource Markets With Scale Economies And Stochastic Prices, Charles Mason Dec 2011

On Equilibrium In Resource Markets With Scale Economies And Stochastic Prices, Charles Mason

Charles F Mason

In this paper, I show the existence and the characteristics of equilibrium in a non-renewable resource market where extraction costs are non-convex and market price is subject to stochastic shocks, an empirically relevant setting. In my model firms may be motivated to hold inventories to facilitate production smoothing, which allows them to continue producing at a smooth pace at any instant when extraction ceases, e.g. when reserves are exhausted. This aspect of the model then supports a competitive equilibrium in the presence of non-convex costs. Casual empirical evidence is provided that supports the central features of my model for a …

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The Mythic And The Mono-Mythic: Representations Of The 1972 Canada V Ussr Hockey Series/Le Mythique Et Le Mono-Mythique: Les Représentations De La Série De Hockey Canada-Urss 1972, Don Morrow Dec 2011

The Mythic And The Mono-Mythic: Representations Of The 1972 Canada V Ussr Hockey Series/Le Mythique Et Le Mono-Mythique: Les Représentations De La Série De Hockey Canada-Urss 1972, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.

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A Qualitative Exploration Of The Economic And Social Effects Of Microcredit Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Uganda, Sebastian Linnemayr, Glenn Wagner, Yashodhara Rana, James Balya, Lydia Buzaalirwa Dec 2011

A Qualitative Exploration Of The Economic And Social Effects Of Microcredit Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Uganda, Sebastian Linnemayr, Glenn Wagner, Yashodhara Rana, James Balya, Lydia Buzaalirwa

Sebastian Linnemayr

HIV medical care, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), is often successful in restoring physical health and functioning. But in developing countries, HIV medical care is often insufficient to achieve social and economic health, and hence innovative economic support programs are much needed. We conducted semistructured interviews with 30 adults receiving ART and microcredit loans operated by Uganda Cares. Using content analysis, we explored the impact of the microcredit loans on the economic, social, and psychological well-being of respondents. Most respondents indicated that the microcredit loans played a positive role in their lives, helped them to keep their children in school and …

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José Ángel Guitierrez Martínez, Richard Mora Dec 2011

José Ángel Guitierrez Martínez, Richard Mora

Richard Mora

No abstract provided.

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Benefits Of Rebuilding Global Marine Fisheries Outweigh Costs, Ling Huang, Ussif Sumaila Etc. Dec 2011

Benefits Of Rebuilding Global Marine Fisheries Outweigh Costs, Ling Huang, Ussif Sumaila Etc.

Ling Huang

No abstract provided.

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Music Recommender Systems And Genre Bias, Jason Neal Dec 2011

Music Recommender Systems And Genre Bias, Jason Neal

Jason R. Neal

No abstract provided.

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Stigmergy 3.0: From Ants To Economies, Leslie Marsh, Margery Doyle Dec 2011

Stigmergy 3.0: From Ants To Economies, Leslie Marsh, Margery Doyle

Leslie Marsh

No abstract provided.

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Somalia, Ahmed Samatar Dec 2011

Somalia, Ahmed Samatar

Ahmed Samatar

No abstract provided.

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Directions In Music Cataloging, Richard Griscom, Peter Lisius Dec 2011

Directions In Music Cataloging, Richard Griscom, Peter Lisius

Richard Griscom

In Directions in Music Cataloging, ten of the field’s top theoreticians and practitioners address the issues that are affecting the discovery and use of music in libraries today. Anyone who uses music in a library—be it a teacher, researcher, student, or casual amateur—relies on the work of music catalogers, and because these catalogers work with printed and recorded materials in a wide variety of formats, they have driven many innovations in providing access to library materials. As technology continues to transform the discovery and use of music, they are exploring ways to describe and provide access to music resources in …

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Attracting Students To The Field Of Measurement, S Finney, Dena Pastor Dec 2011

Attracting Students To The Field Of Measurement, S Finney, Dena Pastor

Dena A Pastor

No abstract provided.

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Seeking Security In An Insecure World, Dan Caldwell, Robert Williams Dec 2011

Seeking Security In An Insecure World, Dan Caldwell, Robert Williams

Robert E. Williams Jr.

Seeking Security in an Insecure World is a comprehensive yet concise introduction to international security. It explores the changing conditions that lead to insecurity in the world. During the Cold War, the Soviet-American nuclear rivalry generated insecurity. Since then, state-based nuclear threats have diminished while the threat of non-state actors wielding weapons of mass destruction has increased. A global surge in mass-casualty terrorism, persistent and costly intrastate wars, and environmental threats have reshaped our thinking about security threats and how best to respond to them. The thoroughly updated second edition considers today's security agenda, including the threat posed by the …

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Big Hollywood, Small Screens, Alisa Perren, Karen Petruska Dec 2011

Big Hollywood, Small Screens, Alisa Perren, Karen Petruska

Alisa Perren

No abstract provided.

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The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Prescriptive Obesity Intervention On University Students’ Self-Esteem And Quality Of Life, Don Morrow, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Hall Craig Dec 2011

The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Prescriptive Obesity Intervention On University Students’ Self-Esteem And Quality Of Life, Don Morrow, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Hall Craig

Donald Morrow

Previous studies incorporating Motivational Interviewing administered via Co-Active Life Coaching tools (MI-via-CALC) have elicited positive results among adults with obesity. However, there is a paucity of this research that includes sufficient power and a comparison group. This study’s purpose was to compare MI-via-CALC with a validated obesity intervention among university students. Methods: Participants (n = 45) were randomised to either a telephone-based 12-week: (a) MI-via-CALC program whereby a certified coach worked with subjects to achieve goals through dialogue; or (b) lifestyle modification treatment following the LEARN Program for Weight Management. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Short Form Functional …

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History Of Sport And Performance Psychology, Alan Kornspan Dec 2011

History Of Sport And Performance Psychology, Alan Kornspan

Alan S Kornspan

No abstract provided.

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A Gender Gap In Policy Representation In The U.S. Congress?, Brian Newman, Christina Wolbrecht, John Griffin Dec 2011

A Gender Gap In Policy Representation In The U.S. Congress?, Brian Newman, Christina Wolbrecht, John Griffin

Brian Newman

In the first article to evaluate the equality of dyadic policy representation experienced by women, we assess the congruence between U.S. House members' roll-call votes and the policy preferences of their female and male constituents. Employing two measures of policy representation, we do not find a gender gap in dyadic policy representation. However, we uncover a sizeable gender gap favoring men in districts represented by Republicans, and a similarly sizeable gap favoring women in districts represented by Democrats. A Democratic majority further improves women's dyadic representation relative to men, but having a female representative (descriptive representation) does not.

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Dialysis Rationing And The Just Allocation Of Resources: A Historical Primer., Teri Browne Dec 2011

Dialysis Rationing And The Just Allocation Of Resources: A Historical Primer., Teri Browne

Teri Browne

No abstract provided.

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