Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Civilian And The War On Terror: Do Norms Shape Strategy?, Sherri Replogle

Dissertations

Despite a growing research agenda centered on issues of civilian immunity, it remains unclear what effect norms protecting civilians have on state behavior, especially democracies. This study asks when and how the civilian immunity norm (CIN) matters, specifically examining how it alters short term strategic choices and even long term doctrines.

Employing a constructivist approach to examine shifting attitudes toward civilians within the military during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, this study argues that democracies will choose strategic outcomes that strengthen compliance with the CIN when they see the constraining normative environment as a key part of the strategic environment. …

The Politics And Practicalities Of Reentry: A Case Study Of The Reentry Environment In A Suburban Community, Carlene Sipma-Dysico

Dissertations

Although inquiry into reentry has grown significantly in the past decade, studies concerning formerly incarcerated persons entrance back into society tend to look at the outcomes and consequences of reentry, not the process. This "what works and what doesn't work" research approach (Seiter and Kadela 2003) leaves some very important aspects of reentry unexamined. While determining the efficacy of programs designed to reduce recidivism is important for public safety, social policy creation, and budgetary considerations, the role of the community in reentry remains largely unexplored.

This dissertation examines how reentry is done at the community level; by practitioners of reentry, …

Cheerleaders And Performers: Mental Health Courts In A Midwestern State, Monte Staton

Dissertations

"Cheerleaders and Performers: Mental Health Courts in a Midwestern State" by Monte D. Staton

This dissertation presents a statewide study focusing on a recently developed technique for dealing with persons with mental illness in the criminal justice system: mental health court (MHC). This study of nine MHC programs utilized surveys, interviews, and ethnographic observations to examine the work activities and understandings of the criminal justice and mental health professionals who administer and operate the programs in a Midwestern state. Data were analyzed by combining Goffman's dramaturgical analysis with Dorothy E. Smith's institutional ethnography. Findings reveal that MHC professionals engage in …

Neuropsychological, Psychological, And Injury Variables Associated With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder In Individuals Who Suffered An Electrical Injury, Jana Wingo

Dissertations

Electrical injury (EI) represents a major form of trauma that can greatly impact the individual cognitively, physically, and emotionally. EI can lead to a variety of cognitive impairments affecting attention, processing speed, motor skills, and memory. Furthermore, EI can lead to a variety of physical impairments from burns to cardiac injury. In addition to other psychiatric disorders, individuals who suffer an EI can eventually develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

This study examined a clinical sample of 143 individuals (86.0% male, 85.3% Caucasian, 44.1% diagnosed with PTSD) who have experienced an EI to determine the factors associated with the development of …

The Effects Of An Experiential Learning And Mentorship Program Pairing Medical Students And Persons With Cognitive Impairment: A Qualitative Content Analysis, Darby J. Morhardt

Dissertations

The United States population is aging rapidly and with it a tremendous rise in the number of people with dementia. In the future, as now, physicians and other health care professionals will likely provide the majority of health care for older people and those with dementia. The non-geriatric trained workforce must have the attitudes, knowledge and skills needed to provide high quality care for this aging and increasingly cognitively impaired population. There is evidence that prevailing stigma regarding older adults can be modified with experiential opportunities early in students' career. Few of these programs are aimed at persons with dementia. …

Experimental Markets With Frictions, Gabriele Camera, Marco Casari, Maria Bigoni

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

Decentralized and impersonal exchange is fundamental to contemporary economies, where many interactions take place among individuals with low levels of information about their counterpart. We review the experimental literature about markets with frictions, where strangers interact in pairs formed at random in economies of indefinite duration. We focus on the impact of communication on the efficiency of the outcome and report results of a new experiment.

The Impact Of Religiosity Dimensions And Ethnic Identity On Well-Being In African American Women, Ebony S. Vinson

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Religiosity is considered to be an important component of the cultural orientation and worldview of African Americans. African American women, in particular, have been found to be unique in their level of religious devotion and activity compared to other demographic groups but there has been minimal research examining the positive effects of religiosity over time. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of religiosity dimensions and ethnic identity in predicting self-esteem, social support, healthy behaviors, and licit drug use in African American women over time. Results indicate that behavioral and cognitive components of religiosity predict different …

Individual Differences In Escalation Of Tobacco Use: Impulsivity And Alcohol Use, Dustin C. Lee

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Like adolescents, young adults are at risk of initiating tobacco use and escalating to daily use and tobacco dependence. However, not every young adult who uses cigarettes intermittently becomes tobacco dependent, and the time-course of those who transition to daily use varies widely. Individual differences likely contribute to the variability observed in patterns of tobacco use. This dissertation uses a multi-modal research approach to examine dimensions of impulsivity and alcohol use that are associated with vulnerability for escalation of cigarette smoking, and whether alcohol’s effects on behavioral disinhibition impact cigarette consumption. Study 1 investigated the associations between dimensions of trait …

Investigation Of The Monty Hall Dilemma In Pigeons And Rats, Jessica P. Stagner

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

In the Monty Hall Dilemma (MHD), three doors are presented with a prize behind one and participants are instructed to choose a door. One of the unchosen doors is then shown to not have the prize and the participant can choose to stay with their door or switch to the other one. The optimal strategy is to switch. Herbranson and Schroeder (2010) found that humans performed poorly on this task, whereas pigeons learned to switch readily. However, we found that pigeons learned to switch at level only slightly above humans. We also found that pigeons stay nearly exclusively when staying …

The Response Of The Self-Employed To The Tax Reform Act Of 1986, Samuel Bookhardt Iv

HIM 1990-2015

The decisions of the self-employed are of empirical interest because these individuals report their income under the personal income tax system. The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that the personal income tax system is the biggest source of revenue for the government. In this paper I use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to analyze the effect that The Tax Reform Act of 1986 had on the decision to become or remain self-employed. To accomplish this I will use a simple difference method that compares the movement between employment groups in the aftermath of The Tax …

Examination Of The Use Of Online And Offline Networks By Housing Social Movement Organizations, Jessica N. Kropczynski

Theses and Dissertations--Sociology

Resource mobilization theory and political opportunity theory are often used to describe separate portions of social movements. This dissertation proposes a combined model of these two theoretical perspectives which describes how social movement organizations effectively engage in social marketing both online and offline. The field of social marketing highlights the utility of standard commercial marketing practices to achieve non-commercial goals. I argue that, while commercial marketing practices may benefit social movement organizations and are more cost effective given emerging technology, momentum for gathering resources, will be stifled unless a political opportunity presents itself. Guided by theory about the ways that …

Untangling Neoliberalism’S Gordian Knot: Cancer Prevention And Control Services For Rural Appalachian Populations, George F. Bills

Theses and Dissertations--Sociology

In eastern Kentucky, as in much of central Appalachia, current local storylines narrate the frictions and contradictions involved in the structural transition from a post-WWII Fordist industrial economy and a Keynesian welfare state to a Post-Fordist service economy and Neoliberal hollow state, starving for energy to sustain consumer indulgence (Jessop, 1993; Harvey, 2003; 2005). Neoliberalism is the ideological force redefining the “societal infrastructure of language” that legitimates this transition, in part by redefining the key terms of democracy and citizenship, as well as valorizing the market, the individual, and technocratic innovation (Chouliaraki & Fairclough, 1999; Harvey, 2005). This project develops …

A Case Study: Achieving Cultural Equity Through The Lens Of Kingdon, Maria X. Martinez

McCarthy Center Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Gender Gaps In Human Capital And Economic Growth In Developing Countries, Minh Dao

Minh Dao

This paper examines the impact of gender gaps in human capital on economic growth in developing countries. Based on data from the World Bank for the 1990-2010 period and a sample of seventy-eight developing economies, we find that the growth rate of GDP per capita is dependent on gross capital formation, the changes in both male and female life expectancy, the change in the gap between male and female life expectancy, the change in the proportion of the population having access to improved sanitation services, population growth, and the GDP per capita in 2000. It is observed that the estimated …

The Role Of Policy Fundamentals In Fostering Economic Growth In Developing Countries, Minh Dao

Minh Dao

This paper examines the role of policy fundamentals in fostering economic growth in developing countries. Based on data from the World Bank for the 2000-2011 period and a sample of sixty-two developing economies we find that the growth rate of per capita GDP is dependent on a country’s investments in human capital as measured by the share of the public sector in total health expenditure and by the relative size of public education in the government’s budget, on an enabling business environment as measured by two Doing Business indicators, namely the cost of starting a business as a percent of …

Challenges And Opportunities Of Health Care Supply Chain Management In The United States, Dean Elmuti, Grace Khoury, Omar Omran, Ahmed Abou-Zaid

Ahmed Abou-Zaid

This article explores current supply chain management challenges and initiatives and identifies problems that affect supply chain management success in the U.S. health-care industry. In addition, it investigates the impact of health care supply chain management (SCM) initiatives on the overall organizational effectiveness. The attitudinal results, as well as the performance results presented in this study support the claim of health care proponents that the SCM allows organizations to reduce cost, improve quality, and reduce cycle time, and leads to high performance.

Corporate Historical Responsibility (Chr): Addressing A Past Of Forced Labor At Volkswagen, Claudia Janssen Danyi

Claudia I. Janssen Danyi, PhD

This article introduces corporate historical responsibility (CHR), a concept that can guide organizations when addressing dark corporate histories. CHR holds that organizations have responsibilities toward victims of past corporate practices and toward present reconciliatory discourse. Volkswagen’s discourse about its history of forced labor during WW II serves as an example of CHR. The rhetorical analysis illustrates that CHR hinges on the recognition of the past as a moral issue and on the organization’s ability to create historical accountability, take responsibility, make public acknowledgements, and remember its past. It further illustrates that CHR creates sustainable policies that can strengthen corporate citizenship …

Patterns Of Technology Transfer Among The Arab Gulf States: Opportunities And Challenges, Dean S. Elmuti, Ahmed Abou-Zaid

Ahmed Abou-Zaid

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the incentives, options, and obstacles to transfer technology to the Arab Gulf region.Design/methodology/approach – A validated and reliable instrument was used to gather data from former expatriates who were employed by American-based multinational corporations.Findings – The results indicate that the Arab Gulf States possess a wide range of resources and incentives offered to investors which contribute to the Gulf’s attractiveness. At the same time, however, industrialization efforts, including transfer of technology to the Gulf region, are hampered by lack of industrial management expertise and technical skills among the relatively small …

Poverty In Agrarian Developing Economies, Minh Dao

Minh Dao

This paper examines the determinants of poverty in agrarian developing economies. Based on data from the World Bank and a sample of thirty agrarian developing economies we find that the fraction of the population below the national poverty line is linearly dependent on urbanization as measured by the fraction of the total population living in urban areas, the maternal mortality ratio, the level of development as measured by purchasing power parity per capita gross national income, and the fraction of births attended by skilled health staff. We observe that the coefficient estimate of one explanatory variable, namely, the fraction of …

The U.S. Folklore, Proverbs, And Economic Behavior, Ahmed Abou-Zaid

Ahmed Abou-Zaid

Social scientists strongly believe that the cultural values and norms motivate, guide, and influence the behavior of each and every society. However, studying the relationship between culture and behavior, notably economic behavior, is not very popular in the literature, mainly because of the vague and broad definition of the culture. Thereby this paper provides a narrow definition of the culture as “the set of beliefs and values that are often revealed in folklore of the country, where proverbs are the most concise form of the verbal folklore genres.” Using this definition, the paper attempts to relate several types of economic …

Firearm Lethality In Drug Market Contexts, James Mccutcheon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The current study examines firearms’ impact on the relationship between illegal drug markets and homicide. At the county-level, Iowa and Virginia are analyzed using crime data from the National Incident Based Reporting System. More specifically, gun availability is tested as a mediator for county drug crime rates and homicide counts. Variable selection and prediction is based on routine activity and social disorganization theories. I argue that social disorganization allows the context for which criminal opportunity presents itself through routine activities. I posit gun availability mediates a positive relationship between illegal drug markets and homicide, with differences between urban and rural …

Wallpaper Mania, Ellen Corrigan

Ellen K. Corrigan

Text panels from "Wallpaper Mania," a local exhibit in support of the Booth Library installation of the National Library of Medicine traveling exhibition The Literature of Prescription: Charlotte Perkins Gilman and "The Yellow Wall-Paper," on display September 23-November 2, 2013.

Book Review: Using Social Media In Libraries: Best Practices, Todd Bruns

Todd A. Bruns

Laura Solomon’s delightfully on-target Foreward sums up this book on libraries and social media: She quotes Avinash Kaushik (an analytics evangelist for Google), “Social media is like teen sex. Everyone wants to do it. No one really knows how.” (p. v). Solomon notes that social media is “more about building relationships than it is about promoting anything” (p. vii). This point is echoed in Walt Crawford’s Introduction, which focuses on the truth that libraries are at the heart of their local communities and that suggests that successful use of social media will strengthen those community bonds. Solomon and Crawford’s chapters …

Book Review: Next-Gen Library Redesign, Janice M. Derr

Janice M. Derr

No abstract provided.

If It's Not Powered Up, It's Rotting: Transforming Archival Collections From Obsolete Platforms And Cd-Rs To An Institutional Repository And Storage Array, Todd Bruns, Stacey Knight-Davis

Todd A. Bruns

Digital collections projects began at Eastern Illinois University in the mid 1990s. These early projects had specialized interfaces and different storage strategies. With the inception of an institutional repository (IR) in 2011, these collections were brought under a common interface and storage practices. The benefits and challenges of utilizing an IR for the dissemination of legacy digital projects is discussed, along with data storage solutions appropriate for a mid-sized academic library.

Review Of Fundamentals Of Library Instruction, Kirstin Duffin

Kirstin Duffin

Library instruction is often an underrepresented component in the library school curriculum. Monty McAdoo presents in this slim volume a clearly written guide to both the conceptual and practical aspects of library instruction. The book, one in the ALA Fundamentals Series, does not aim to provide an encyclopedic portrayal of the topic; rather, it offers an overview of the subject matter. The book is especially suitable to nascent library instructors, but more advanced teachers may also gleam useful knowledge.

Mundos Ontológicos Y Culturas Ancestrales: Reserva De Habilidades Para Abarcar El Problema Ambiental, Claudia Juliana Liévano

Filosofía y Letras

No abstract provided.

Sweden: A Special Nato Partner?, Ryan C. Hendrickson

Ryan C. Hendrickson

No abstract provided.

Turning The Song: Music, Power, And The Aesthetics Of Collaboration, Angela C. Glaros

Angela C. Glaros

No abstract provided.

Broke: How Debt Bankrupts The Middle Class, Michael D. Gillespie Ph.D.

Michael Gillespie

No abstract provided.