Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Latino Adaptations And Connections In Rural America, Refugio I. Rochin

Refugio I. Rochin

A majority of rural Latinos are immigrants or the first sons and daughters of immigrants from Mexico. They arrive to survive, earn income, raise and support family and work hard without burdening public services. I offer a personal account of rural Latinos, partly through the lives of my parents, to explain Latino adaptations and contributions in America. Who are rural Latinos, how did they arrive, why and, what are their experiences and issues?

The Power Of Stereotyping And Confirmation Bias To Overwhelm Accurate Assessment: The Case Of Economics, Gender, And Risk Aversion, Julie A. Nelson

Julie A. Nelson

Behavioral research has revealed how normal human cognitive processes can tend to lead us astray. But do these affect economic researchers, ourselves? This article explores the consequences of stereotyping and confirmation bias using a sample of published articles from the economics literature on gender and risk aversion. The results demonstrate that the supposedly “robust” claim that “women are more risk averse than men” is far less empirically supported than has been claimed. The questions of how these cognitive biases arise and why they have such power are discussed, and methodological practices that may help to attenuate these biases are outlined.

The Effect Of Absenteeism And Clinic Protocol On Health Outcomes: The Case Of Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv In Kenya, Markus Goldstein, Joshua Graff Zivin, James Habyarimana, Cristian Pop-Eleches, Harsha Thirumurthy

Joshua Graff Zivin

No abstract provided.

Heavy Marijuana Use Among Gay And Bisexual Male Emerging Adults Living With Hiv/Aids (With Gary W. Harper, M. Isabel Fernández, & The Atn), Douglas Bruce

Douglas Bruce

Marijuana use has been documented to be higher among emerging adults than among other age groups in the U.S. Persons living with HIV may use marijuana as a method for alleviating symptoms and side effects associated with treatment as well as a coping or mood adjustment strategy. We analyzed data from a two-phase mixed methods study of young HIV-positive gay/bisexual men to explore motivations for heavy marijuana use. Phase I consisted of semi-structured qualitative interviews with 54 young gay/bisexual HIV-positive men (mean age=21.0) conducted at four geographically and demographically diverse sites. Phase II consisted of a computer-assisted quantitative survey administered …

The Protected Profits Benchmark: A Refusal To Deal Metric?, Richard J. Gilbert

Richard Gilbert

No abstract provided.

Cost-Effectiveness Of Open Access Publications, Jevin D. West, Ted C. Bergstrom, Carl T. Bergstrom

Ted C Bergstrom

Open access publishing has been proposed as one possible solution to the serials crisis | the rapidly growing subscription prices in scholarly journal publishing. However, open access publishing can present economic pitfalls as well, such as excessive article processing charges. We discuss the decision that an author faces when choosing to submit to an open access journal. We develop an interactive tool to help authors compare among alternative open access venues and thereby get the most for their article processing charges.

Waiting In The Wings, Jill G. Morawski

Jill G. Morawski

No abstract provided.

Location And Tracking Of Mobile Devices: Überveillance Stalks The Streets, Katina Michael, Roger Clarke

Professor Katina Michael

During the last decade, location-tracking and monitoring applications have proliferated, in mobile cellular and wireless data networks, and through self-reporting by applications running in smartphones that are equipped with onboard global positioning system (GPS) chipsets. It is now possible to locate a smartphone-user's location not merely to a cell, but to a small area within it. Innovators have been quick to capitalise on these location-based technologies for commercial purposes, and have gained access to a great deal of sensitive personal data in the process. In addition, law enforcement utilise these technologies, can do so inexpensively and hence can track many …

Demonstrations And Price Competition In New Product Release, Raphael Boleslavsky, Christopher Cotton, Haresh Gurnani

Raphael Boleslavsky

We develop a game theoretic model of price competition in which an innovating firm can offer product demonstrations. Placing minimal restriction on the firm's ability to design demonstrations, we show that the equilibrium demonstration resolves some but not all customer valuation uncertainty and allows the innovating firm to attract customers while maintaining a high price. Consumer surplus may be lower with endogenous demonstrations than without demonstrations. Regulation requiring firms to provide fully-informative demonstrations (e.g., generous return policies or inspection periods) can further reduce consumer surplus. The ability to design demonstrations also creates incentives for innovating firms to limit the market …

Maybe It’S Right, Maybe It’S Wrong: Structural And Social Determinants Of Deception In Negotiation, Mara Olekalns

Mara Olekalns

Context shapes negotiators’ actions, including their willingness to act unethically. Focusing on negotiators use of deception, we used a simulated two-party negotiation to test how three contextual variables - regulatory focus, power, and trustworthiness - interacted to shift negotiators’ ethical thresholds. We demonstrated that these three variables interact to either inhibit or activate deception, providing support for an interactionist model of ethical decision-making. Three patterns emerged from our analyses. First, low power inhibited and high power activated deception. Second, promotion-focused negotiators favored sins of omission whereas prevention-focused negotiators favored sins of commission. Third, low cognition-based trust influenced deception when negotiators …

The Story Of Clark: The Incredible Shrinking Insanity Defense, Janine Young Kim

Janine Kim

O¤Shoring, Unemployment, And Welfare With Risk Averse Workers, Priya Ranjan

Priya Ranjan

This paper studies the welfare and policy implications of offshoring when risk averse workers face the risk of unemployment. If offshored inputs can be easily substituted for domestic workers, then offshoring reduces wages and increases unemployment. In this situation, in the absence of any government intervention offshoring not only reduces the welfare of workers but could reduce aggregate welfare as well if workers are highly risk averse and the markets for insurance against unemployment risk are missing. In addition to unemployment insurance, the role of employment protection policies- severance payments and administrative cost of firing -in protecting workers against the …

E-Browsing: Serendipity And Questions Of Access And Discovery, Kate Joranson, Nina Clements, Steven I. Van Tuyl

Steven I Van Tuyl

Browsing is an essential component to discovery. Understanding the foundations of browsing patterns and preferences is crucial in developing effective ebrowsing environments. It’s important to understand how researchers in diverse disciplines have described their discoveries in terms of browsing, searching, and serendipitous encounters. Examining the works of scientists, social scientists, and humanists through the lens of discovery will reveal essential components to be aware of in developing ebrowsing environments. In turning to a wide range of sources, often outside traditional library literature, we deepen our understanding of what it means to browse in an electronic environment. As librarians, we have …

Building Coalitions, Making Policy: The Politics Of The Clinton, Bush, And Obama Presidencies, By Martin A. Levin, Daniel Disalvo, And Martin M. Shapiro, Eds., José D. Villalobos

José D. Villalobos

No abstract provided.

Gender Disparities In Self-Employment In Urban China's Market Transition: Income Inequality, Occupational Segregation, And Mobility Processes, Qian Forrest Zhang

Qian Forrest ZHANG

This paper presents the first quantitative analysis of gender disparities in self-employment in urban China. It documents the extent of gender income inequality in self-employment. By disaggregating self-employment into three occupational classes, it shows the gender segregation within self-employment—women were concentrated in the financially least rewarding segment—and identifies it as a main source of the gender income inequality. It examines a range of determinants of participation in self-employment—family structure, family background, and career history—and how their gender-specific effects contributed to gender segregation. Although using data from a 1996 national survey, this study captures two key processes that shaped the structure …

Towards A Conceptual Model Of User Acceptance Of Location-Based Emergency Services, Anas Aloudat, Katina Michael

Professor Katina Michael

This paper investigates the introduction of location-based services by government as part of an all-hazards approach to modern emergency management solutions. Its main contribution is in exploring the determinants of an individual’s acceptance or rejection of location services. The authors put forward a conceptual model to better predict why an individual would accept or reject such services, especially with respect to emergencies. While it may be posited by government agencies that individuals would unanimously wish to accept life-saving and life-sustaining location services for their well-being, this view remains untested. The theorised determinants include: visibility of the service solution, perceived service …

Acrl2013_04_11_13pcwithnotes-1.Jpg, Vera J. Lux

Vera J Lux

No abstract provided.

Examining The Legal And Policy Frameworks Regulating The Behavior Of Politicians And Political Parties In Sierra Leone, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, Fiifi Edu-Afful

Emmanuel Kwesi Aning

This article critically examines the legal and policy frameworks that exist to regulate the behavior of politicians (elected or appointed) and political parties. More importantly, this article identifies the existing loopholes within the legislation that can pose major threats to the growth of democracy in Sierra Leone. Consequently, the article begins by briefly outlining the legal and institutional frameworks governing political party formation and as well as party financing. Additionally, we review the existing mechanisms for eliciting compliance from all forms of political behavior and reflect the level of commitment -both institutional and structural- that individual politicians and political parties …

Legal And Policy Frameworks Regulating The Behavior Of Politicians And Political Parties In Ghana: Interrogating Institutional Mechanisms, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, Fiifi Edu-Afful

Emmanuel Kwesi Aning

This article explores the legal and policy frameworks that exist to regulate the behaviors of politicians (elected or appointed) and political parties and highlight the existing loopholes in the legislation that can pose major threats to the legitimacy of democratic politics and governance in Ghana. The article is organized as follows: Section one reviews the existing established mechanisms for eliciting compliance with respect to political party formation and financing in Ghana. We argue that when it comes to the array of laws purposively crafted to regulate the behavior of political parties and politicians, Ghana has many of such laws. However, …

Encyclopedia Of Terrorism, Michael Lawrence Nelson

Michael Lawrence Nelson

No abstract provided.

Exploring Politics And Government With Popular Culture: Justifications, Methods, Potentials, And Challenges In Introductory Political Science Courses, Jacob L. Stump

Jacob Stump

The Political Economy Of Putin 3.0, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

Teaching Information Literacy Skills To Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Collaborative Approach, Suzanne E. Zentz, Kimberly J. Whalen

Suzanne E Zentz, DNP, RN, CNE

Background

An expectation of baccalaureate nursing education is to prepare nurses to implement evidenced-based practice (EBP). This expectation extends far beyond a basic understanding of the research process. BSN prepared nurses must be able to effectively and efficiently identify, analyze, and synthesize evidence (AACN, 2008). The acquisition of information literacy skills is foundational to the development of EBP.

Implementation

The study took place at a College of Nursing within a mid-sized, faith-based university located in the Midwest. Historically, students enrolled in their senior level undergraduate nursing research/EBP course underwent one library instruction session with the nursing librarian to reinforce search …

Bearing The Burden Of Whiteness: The Implications Of Racial Self-Identification For Multiracial Adolescents' School Belonging And Academic Achievement, Ruth Burke, Grace Kao

Grace Kao

Previous literature on racial self-identification among multiracials demonstrates that self-identification differs by context. Moreover, among multiracial adolescents, identity, usually measured in school, is correlated with achievement. In addition, a few studies have indicated that for half-white, half-minority adolescents, school achievement falls in between the achievements of their monoracial counterparts. Using the in-school and in-home components of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we examine the relationship between racial self-identification and school belonging and achievement. We find that among black/white and Asian/white adolescents, adolescents who self-identify as white are particularly disadvantaged in school, reporting lower grade point averages …

Beyond Fear And Loathing: Tea Party Organizers' Continuum Of Knowledge In A Racialized Social System, Meghan A. Burke

Meghan A. Burke

Was Blind But Now I See: Animal Liberation Documentaries’ Deconstruction Of Barriers To Witnessing Injustice, Carrie Packwood Freeman, Scott Tulloch

Carrie P. Freeman

Many pro-animal documentaries are built around footage taken by undercover animal activists uncovering abuses in industries such as agriculture and fishing, fur, marine parks, and biomedical research labs. This analysis explores the central role of undercover activist footage in recent documentaries: Earthlings, The Cove, The Witness, Peaceable Kingdom, Behind the Mask, Fowl Play, and Dealing Dogs. Considering both form and function, I investigate how this undercover footage works in terms of providing an inherent critique of power in our relationship with nonhuman animals – a sense of witnessing a crime that is an injustice both in terms of causing animal …

The Recasting Of Twenty-First-Century Germany: An Opportunity Of Crisis, Gaspare M. Genna

Gaspare M Genna

No abstract provided.

Progressive Screening: Long Term Contracting With A Privately Known Stochastic Process, Raphael Boleslavsky, Maher Said

Raphael Boleslavsky

We examine a model of long-term contracting in which the buyer is privately informed about the stochastic process by which her value for a good evolves. In addition, the realized values are also private information. We characterize a class of environments in which the profit-maximizing long-term contract offered by a monopolist takes an especially simple structure: we derive sufficient conditions on primitives under which the optimal contract consists of a menu of deterministic sequences of static contracts. Within each sequence, higher realized values lead to greater quantity provision; however, an increasing proportion of buyer types are excluded over time, eventually …

Drivers Of The Sentenced Population: Mandatory Supervised Release (Msr) Violators, David E. Olson, Donald Stemen

David E. Olson

The research examined the impact that violators of Mandatory Supervised Release (MSR) had on Illinois' prison admissions and populations, and changes in policy and practice that have impacted the return of those on MSR to prison.

Becoming 'Holistically Indegenous': Young Muslims And Political Participation In Canada, Kathy Bullock, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking

Paul W Nesbitt-Larking