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2013

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Articles 24811 - 24840 of 24843

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Dealing With The Uncertainties Of Climate Engineering: Warnings From A Psychological Complex Problem Solving Perspective, Dorothee Amelung, Joachim Funke Dec 2012

Dealing With The Uncertainties Of Climate Engineering: Warnings From A Psychological Complex Problem Solving Perspective, Dorothee Amelung, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

Decision-makers in the context of climate politics are confronted with considerable uncertainties due to the complexities inherent in the relevant natural and social systems. Nonetheless, pressure on decision-makers to find solutions to dangerous climate change is rising due to the inertia in the climate system. Considering these pressures, technological options (climate engineering) have been proposed to counteract the effects of climatic change. However, introducing options that bear their own scientific uncertainties means further adding to the complexity of the situation. By adopting the psychological perspective of complex problem solving research, we analyze one frequently neglected source of uncertainty with regard …

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Planning Impairments In Schizophrenia: Specificity, Task Independence And Functional Relevance, Daniel V. Holt, Jürgen Wolf, Joachim Funke, Matthias Weisbrod, Stefan Kaiser Dec 2012

Planning Impairments In Schizophrenia: Specificity, Task Independence And Functional Relevance, Daniel V. Holt, Jürgen Wolf, Joachim Funke, Matthias Weisbrod, Stefan Kaiser

Joachim Funke

The present study investigated the specificity of planning impairments in schizophrenia compared to unipolar major depression. Multiple measures of planning ability were employed to assess the task independence of a planning deficit. Furthermore, the predictive power of planning ability with regard to functional outcome was analyzed. A total of 80 participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment with an emphasis on executive functions and planning ability. The sample consisted of 28 patients with schizophrenia, 28 patients with depression and 24 healthy controls. Both patient groups were impaired on measures of attention, working memory and planning, but only planning ability differentiated between …

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Human Problem Solving In 2012, Joachim Funke Dec 2012

Human Problem Solving In 2012, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

This paper presents a bibliography of 263 references related to human problem solving, arranged by subject matter. The references were taken from PsycInfo and Academic Premier database. Journal papers, book chapters, and dissertations are included. The topics include human development, education, neuroscience, and research in applied settings. It is argued that researchers are more and more engaged with problem solving research because of its centrality in human actions and because society needs advice from science in understanding and solving complex problems.

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Epilogue. Reflections On Personhood And The Theory Of Mind, Jürg Wassmann, Joachim Funke Dec 2012

Epilogue. Reflections On Personhood And The Theory Of Mind, Jürg Wassmann, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

What is a person? The anthropological perspective on personhood focuses on how different cultures conceptualise being human within a given society and all over the world. What actually defines a person? Does he/she have an inner life? What are the relationships with others like? How are these constituted in the perspective of the personal self? Is a person able to grasp feelings and thoughts of others, is the person I am facing therefore “transparent”? Or would this violate the person’s pri- vacy?

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Scientific Computing For The Cognitive Sciences, Sebastian Sager, Katja Mombaur, Joachim Funke Dec 2012

Scientific Computing For The Cognitive Sciences, Sebastian Sager, Katja Mombaur, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

The methodology of Scientific Computing is widely regarded as the third pillar of science, complementary to experiment and theory. While it triggered countless breakthroughs and innovations in technology, engineering, and the natural sciences, a combination with cognitive sciences is yet a rather young field full of opportunities. This special issue is meant to stimulate interdisciplinary research in the Cognitive Sciences, based on state-of-the-art methods

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Perspectives On Problem Solving In Educational Assessment: Analytical, Interactive, And Collaborative Problem Solving, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke Dec 2012

Perspectives On Problem Solving In Educational Assessment: Analytical, Interactive, And Collaborative Problem Solving, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

Problem solving has received broad public interest as an important competency in modern societies. In educational large-scale assessments paper-pencil based analytical problem solving was included first (e.g., Programme for International Student Assessment, PISA 2003). With growing interest in more complex situations, the focus has shifted to interactive problem solving (e.g., PISA 2012) requiring identification and control of complex systems. In the future, collaborative problem solving represents the next step in assessing problem solving ability (e.g., PISA 2015). This paper describes these different approaches to assessing problem solving ability in large-scale assessments considering theoretical questions as well as assessment issues. For …

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Computer-Based Assessment Of Complex Problem Solving: Concept, Implementation, And Application, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Sascha Wüstenberg, Frank Goldhammer, Joachim Funke Dec 2012

Computer-Based Assessment Of Complex Problem Solving: Concept, Implementation, And Application, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Sascha Wüstenberg, Frank Goldhammer, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

Complex Problem Solving (CPS) skills are essential to successfully deal with environments that change dynamically and involve a large number of interconnected and partially unknown causal influences. The increasing importance of such skills in the 21st century requires appropriate assessment and intervention methods, which in turn rely on adequate item construction, delivery, and scoring. The lack of assessment tools, however, has slowed down research on and understanding of CPS. This paper first presents the MicroDYN framework for assessing CPS, which is based on linear structural equation systems with input and output variables and opaque relations among them. Second, a versatile …

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Multicultural Development Through Facilitating Support Groups For International Students, Kyoung Mi Choi, Anne M. Cadle, Ruthie Madden, Ronald A. Markowitz Dec 2012

Multicultural Development Through Facilitating Support Groups For International Students, Kyoung Mi Choi, Anne M. Cadle, Ruthie Madden, Ronald A. Markowitz

Kyoung Choi

No abstract provided.

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Kapitalizmus És Szocializmus Bibó István Gondolatrendszerében [István Bibó On Capitalism And Socialism], Péter Cserne Dec 2012

Kapitalizmus És Szocializmus Bibó István Gondolatrendszerében [István Bibó On Capitalism And Socialism], Péter Cserne

Péter Cserne

A synthetic overview of the political theorist István Bibó's (1911--1979) ideas on captalism and socialism (in Hungarian).

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‘Jogalkotási Javaslatok Megfogalmazása A Jogtudományban’ [Policy Proposals And Legal Scholarship], Péter Cserne, György Gajduschek Dec 2012

‘Jogalkotási Javaslatok Megfogalmazása A Jogtudományban’ [Policy Proposals And Legal Scholarship], Péter Cserne, György Gajduschek

Péter Cserne

This is the manuscript of a chapter written for a Hungarian handbook on legal scholarship. It provides an historical overview and a theoretical defense of a policy oriented, in contrast to doctrinal, study of law. The chapter also provides an introduction to the foundations and methodological tools of public policy analysis, including regulatory impact assessment.

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Intellectual Work 'In-The-World': Women's Writing An Anti-Colonial Thought In Africa, Shiera S. Malik Dec 2012

Intellectual Work 'In-The-World': Women's Writing An Anti-Colonial Thought In Africa, Shiera S. Malik

Shiera S el-Malik

No abstract provided.

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Critical Pedagogy As Interrupting Thingification, Shiera S. Malik Dec 2012

Critical Pedagogy As Interrupting Thingification, Shiera S. Malik

Shiera S el-Malik

This article suggests that a critical pedagogy meets students where they are and recognizes the ideological conditions of existence of both teachers and students as subjects. Using a set of examples that range from the author’s own experiences both inside and outside of the classroom, an Emile Zola novel (The Ladies Paradise) and Timothy Mitchell’s world-as-exhibition, the article suggests that critical pedagogies expose, and potentially disrupt, contemporary knowledge practices. They are experi- ments in intimacy designed to unseat practices that yield to processes of thingification.

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Schinke_Mcgannon_Watson_Busanich_2013_Journalofaggression.Pdf, Rebecca Busanich Dec 2012

Schinke_Mcgannon_Watson_Busanich_2013_Journalofaggression.Pdf, Rebecca Busanich

Rebecca Busanich

No abstract provided.

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Busanich Et Al 2013 Pse.Pdf, Rebecca Busanich Dec 2012

Busanich Et Al 2013 Pse.Pdf, Rebecca Busanich

Rebecca Busanich

No abstract provided.

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The Importance Of Classroom Management In Early Language Immersion: A Case Study Of A New French Immersion Kindergarten Class, Alina Slapac, Lisa M. Dorner Dec 2012

The Importance Of Classroom Management In Early Language Immersion: A Case Study Of A New French Immersion Kindergarten Class, Alina Slapac, Lisa M. Dorner

Alina Slapac

No abstract provided.

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Generational Differences Among Hmong, Pa Der Vang Dec 2012

Generational Differences Among Hmong, Pa Der Vang

Pa Der Vang, PhD, MSW, LICSW

Few studies have looked at the differences in culture, language,
and educational attainments among generations of Hmong in the
United States since the beginning of their immigration to the United
States. This study of 195 Hmong participants examines the effects
of generational status on Hmong immigrants across several factors
including marriage and family planning practices, cultural
identity, and educational attainment. Cultural identity and family
practices of immigrants lean toward increased adaptation to
American culture with each successive generation; however, educational
attainment was lower among second-generation immigrants
when compared to their first-generation counterparts. Explanations
for lower educational attainment may be due …

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Living (And Dying) In The Moment: An Examination Of Ongoing Neural Activity During Social Exclusion, Jason R. Themanson, Stephanie M. Khatcherian,, Aaron B. Ball Dec 2012

Living (And Dying) In The Moment: An Examination Of Ongoing Neural Activity During Social Exclusion, Jason R. Themanson, Stephanie M. Khatcherian,, Aaron B. Ball

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

Social exclusion is known to cause alterations in neural alarm activity as well as perceptions of social distress. However, previous research is largely limited to examining neural activation aggregated within blocks of social interactions, which does not allow for the examination of adjustments in neural alarm processes, or additional task-relevant attentional processes, during social interactions. To address these limitations, we examined neural alarm activity and other attention-related neural processes on a trial-by-trial basis during different social interactions that were characterized as largely inclusive or exclusive. Our results show neural alarm activation, evidenced by the N2 component, in response to all …

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Psychophysiological Correlates Of The Disposition Effect, Marco Goulart, Newton Da Costa Jr, Andre Santos, Emilio Takase, Sergio Da Silva Dec 2012

Psychophysiological Correlates Of The Disposition Effect, Marco Goulart, Newton Da Costa Jr, Andre Santos, Emilio Takase, Sergio Da Silva

Sergio Da Silva

We assess the psychophysiological characteristics underlying the disposition effect and find that subjects showing greater disposition effect are those who sweat more and present lower body temperature and heart rate.

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Reading Religion In Internet Memes, Ruth Tsuria, Wendi Bellar, Heidi A. Campbell, Aya Yadlin-Segal, Kyong James Cho, Andrea Terry Dec 2012

Reading Religion In Internet Memes, Ruth Tsuria, Wendi Bellar, Heidi A. Campbell, Aya Yadlin-Segal, Kyong James Cho, Andrea Terry

Ruth Tsuria

No abstract provided.

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A Mistake Of Law Defense As A Remedy For Overcriminalization, Paul J. Larkin Jr. Dec 2012

A Mistake Of Law Defense As A Remedy For Overcriminalization, Paul J. Larkin Jr.

Paul J Larkin Jr.

No abstract provided.

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Poverty Law, Jeffrey Selbin, Scott L. Cummings Dec 2012

Poverty Law, Jeffrey Selbin, Scott L. Cummings

Jeffrey Selbin

“Poverty law” refers to policy and lawyering strategies to contest inequality. The rise of the federal welfare state shaped the contours of poverty law in the first half of the twentieth century. This combined with the rights revolution at mid-century to mobilize legal services lawyers and courts in the War on Poverty, which was the zenith of the antipoverty movement. The welfare state’s subsequent decline and federal court retrenchment channeled the antipoverty movement in new directions forged by decentralization, privatization, and globalization: moving it downward (from federal to local), outward (from state to market), and beyond (from domestic to global).

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La Ciencia Política En América Latina. Una Breve Introducción Histórica, Fernando Barrientos Del Monte Dec 2012

La Ciencia Política En América Latina. Una Breve Introducción Histórica, Fernando Barrientos Del Monte

Fernando Barrientos Del Monte

En este ensayo se esboza un esquema para analizar el desarrollo de la ciencia política en América Latina de los últimos sesenta años. Se identifican algunas de las corrientes intelectuales que la impulsaron inicialmente, tales como el derecho y la sociología, mismas que también dificultaron su autonomía, hasta llegar a la época actual, donde predominan los enfoques propiamente politológicos. Se hace un balance de las condiciones estructurales en las cuales se ha desarrollado y se exponen algunos elementos que permiten valorar el grado de institucionalización en que se encuentra actualmente, tales como los programas de estudio, asociaciones de politólogos y …

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Los Actores Políticos De La Representación Convencional: Los Partidos Políticos, Flavia Freidenberg Dec 2012

Los Actores Políticos De La Representación Convencional: Los Partidos Políticos, Flavia Freidenberg

Flavia Freidenberg

No abstract provided.

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Everyone Is A Terrorist Now: Marginalizing Protest In The U.S, Ivan Greenberg Dec 2012

Everyone Is A Terrorist Now: Marginalizing Protest In The U.S, Ivan Greenberg

Ivan Greenberg

The American state believes terrorists are found everywhere there is disagreement and conflict in society. Even though American radicals rarely commit crimes, the FBI claims they pose a major challenge to peaceful social order. The terrorist label so broadly has been misapplied in recent years that it has lost most of its significance and meaning. The practice of political policing (or state "high policing") has become a core function of government in America.

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Optimal Allocation Of Resources In Airport Security: Profiling Vs. Screening, Aniruddha Bagchi Dec 2012

Optimal Allocation Of Resources In Airport Security: Profiling Vs. Screening, Aniruddha Bagchi

Aniruddha Bagchi

No abstract provided.

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States And Financial Crises, Elisabeth Brooke Harrington Dec 2012

States And Financial Crises, Elisabeth Brooke Harrington

Brooke Harrington

Most states act to protect the “safety, prosperity, and happiness of the people” against the depredations of financial crises in some or all of the following ways: regulation; provision of a safety net to protect individuals and key institutions from being irreparably damaged by crises; and, finally, punishment of those responsible in order to prevent crises in future. All three measures are intended to sustain public trust in financial systems. This is essential because, as former Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Alan Greenspan put it, “Trust is at the root of any economic system based on mutually beneficial exchange … If …

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The Corrupting Influence Of The United States On A Vulnerable Intercountry Adoption System: A Guide For Stakeholders, Hague And Non-Hague Nations, Ngos, And Concerned Parties, David M. Smolin Dec 2012

The Corrupting Influence Of The United States On A Vulnerable Intercountry Adoption System: A Guide For Stakeholders, Hague And Non-Hague Nations, Ngos, And Concerned Parties, David M. Smolin

David M. Smolin

This article provides an extensive analysis of the corrupting influence of the United States on the development and present workings of the intercountry/international adoption system. A context for this corrupting influence is provided through a careful analysis of the theoretical and practical vulnerabilities of the intercountry adoption system. The distinctive approaches of the United States to social work, adoption, human rights, children's rights, constitutional law and humanitarian intervention also provides careful analysis. The article is designed to be practical in providing both a clear guide to those interested in reforming the United States' approach to intercountry adoption and related matters, …

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Editorial Introduction: Global Conversations: Museums, Diplomacy, And Provenance, Christina Luke, Morag Kersel Dec 2012

Editorial Introduction: Global Conversations: Museums, Diplomacy, And Provenance, Christina Luke, Morag Kersel

Morag M. Kersel

No abstract provided.

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Goal-Free Evaluation: An Orientation For Foundations’ Evaluations, Brandon W. Youker Ph.D, Allyssa Ingraham Bs Dec 2012

Goal-Free Evaluation: An Orientation For Foundations’ Evaluations, Brandon W. Youker Ph.D, Allyssa Ingraham Bs

Brandon W. Youker Ph.D

Historically, foundation-supported program evaluations focused on goal attainment. Goal-free evaluation (GFE) is a model in which the goals and objectives are screened from the evaluator. Several obstacles must be overcome in persuading foundations and programs to consider GFE as a viable option, because both tend to view goal attainment as intuitively and inextricably linked to evaluation. These beliefs are contrary to the fact that successful goal-free product evaluations have been done for more than 75 years. This article presents the case for GFE as a perspective that belongs in the foundation’s toolbox. The authors demonstrate GFE’s use, highlight aspects of …

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Controversies And Scandals, Daniel C. Draper, August A. Imholtz Jr. Dec 2012

Controversies And Scandals, Daniel C. Draper, August A. Imholtz Jr.

Daniel Draper

The U.S. Congressional Serial Set in one sense is the history of numerous controversies, for such is the fabric of our republican form of government; and some controversies were of such seriousness and magnitude that they  turned into national scandals.  In this chapter we review several major controversies.  First, we discuss some aspects of the broad and perennial immigration question, focusing on Chinese immigration in the second half of the 19th century and southern and eastern European immigration in the first quarter of the 20th century.  We then cover an executive department scandal, the Teapot Dome affair, and conclude with …

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