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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2014

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Articles 25111 - 25140 of 25787

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Complementing Neurophysiology Education For Developing Countries Via Cost-Effective Virtual Labs: Case Studies And Classroom Scenarios, S. Diwakar, H. Parasuram, C. Medini, R. Raman, P. Nedungadi, Eric Wiertelak, S. Srivastava, K. Achuthan, B. Nair Dec 2013

Complementing Neurophysiology Education For Developing Countries Via Cost-Effective Virtual Labs: Case Studies And Classroom Scenarios, S. Diwakar, H. Parasuram, C. Medini, R. Raman, P. Nedungadi, Eric Wiertelak, S. Srivastava, K. Achuthan, B. Nair

Eric Wiertelak

No abstract provided.

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Examining Characteristics Of Resilience Among University Students: An International Study, Peta Stapleton, Aileen Pidgeon, Natasha Rowe, Heidi Magyar, Barbara Lo Dec 2013

Examining Characteristics Of Resilience Among University Students: An International Study, Peta Stapleton, Aileen Pidgeon, Natasha Rowe, Heidi Magyar, Barbara Lo

Peta B. Stapleton

Attending university is a particularly stressful time due to unique emergent stressors such as changes in environment, loss or diminishment of social support networks, academic pressures, developing peer relationships, and financial management. There is growing recognition that these common stressors may have deleterious effects on the mental health of students. Resilience, a personality characteristic that moderates the negative effects of stress and promotes adaptation, has been associated with increased psychological well-being. Despite a growing body of research on resilience and its clinical significance in preventing mental health problems, relatively little is known about contributing factors for resilience in well-adjusted university …

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Decelerating The Diminishing Returns Of Citizenship On Task Performance: The Role Of Social Context And Interpersonal Skill, Kemp Ellington, Erich Dierdorff, Robert Rubin Dec 2013

Decelerating The Diminishing Returns Of Citizenship On Task Performance: The Role Of Social Context And Interpersonal Skill, Kemp Ellington, Erich Dierdorff, Robert Rubin

Erich C. Dierdorff

Recent scholarship on citizenship behavior demonstrates that engaging too often in these behaviors comes at the expense of task performance. In order to examine the boundary conditions of this relationship, we used resource allocation and social exchange theories to build predictions regarding moderators of the curvilinear association between citizenship and task performance. In a field study of 366 employees, we examined the relationship between the frequency of interpersonal helping behavior and task performance, and tested for the moderating influences of three social context features (social density, interdependence, and social support) and of employees’ levels of interpersonal skill. Results provided corroborating …

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“Eisenhower Doctrine”, Imperialism And Expansionism In American History: A Social, Political, And Cultural Encyclopedia, Abc-Clio (2014). Print & Online., Kevin Brown Dec 2013

“Eisenhower Doctrine”, Imperialism And Expansionism In American History: A Social, Political, And Cultural Encyclopedia, Abc-Clio (2014). Print & Online., Kevin Brown

Kevin P Brown

No abstract provided.

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A Microfinance Program Targeting People Living With Hiv In Uganda: Client Characteristics And Program Impact, Sebastian Linnemayr Dec 2013

A Microfinance Program Targeting People Living With Hiv In Uganda: Client Characteristics And Program Impact, Sebastian Linnemayr

Sebastian Linnemayr

HIV has disproportionately affected economically vulnerable populations. HIV medical care, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), successfully restores physical health, but can be insufficient to achieve social and economic health. It may therefore be necessary to offer innovative economic support programs such as providing business training and microcredit tailored to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). However, microfinance institutions have shown reluctance to reach out to HIV-infected individuals, resulting in non-government and HIV care organizations providing these services. We investigate the baseline characteristics of a sample of medically stable clients in HIV care who are eligible for microcredit loans and evaluate their business …

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"Converting" The Future Of Public Academic Law Libraries, Jennifer Mart-Rice Dec 2013

"Converting" The Future Of Public Academic Law Libraries, Jennifer Mart-Rice

Jennifer Mart-Rice

This article focuses on the current predicament in which American public academic law libraries find themselves given the budgetary and space constraints that have been passed down to them over time. By examining the current standards and future possibilities that govern these particular libraries, this article seeks to assist acquisitions librarians within these libraries with a way to examine, maintain, and purchase a collection that will take their library forward, prove their value and worth, and stay within their constantly dwindling budgets while remaining true to the library's core mission and obligation of providing services and support to the law …

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On The Benefits Of Seeking (And Avoiding) Help In Online Problem-Solving Environments, Ryan Baker, Ido Roll, Vincent Aleven, Kenneth Koedinger Dec 2013

On The Benefits Of Seeking (And Avoiding) Help In Online Problem-Solving Environments, Ryan Baker, Ido Roll, Vincent Aleven, Kenneth Koedinger

Ryan S.J.d. Baker

Seeking the!right!level!of!help!at!the!right!time!can!support!learning.! However,!in!the!context!of!online!problem=solving!environments,!it!is!still!not! entirely!clear!which!help=seeking!strategies!are!desired.!We!use!fine=grained data! from!38!high=school!students!who!worked!with!the!Geometry!Cognitive!Tutor!for! two!months to!better!understand!the!associations!between!specific!help=seeking! patterns!and!learning.!We evaluate how!students’!help=seeking!behaviours!on!each! step!in!a!tutored!problem!are associated!with their!success!on!subsequent!steps that! require!the!same!skills.!Analysing!learning!at!the!skill level!allows!us to!compare! different!help=seeking!patterns!within!a!single!student,!controlling!for!between= student!variations.!Overall,!asking!for!help!on!challenging!steps is!associated!with! productive!learning, and!overusing!help!is!associated!with!poorer!learning. However,!contrary!to!many help=seeking!theories,!avoiding!help (and!failing repeatedly)!is!associated!with!better learning!than!seeking!help on!steps!for!which! students!have!low!prior!knowledge.!These!results!suggest!that!novice!learners!may! benefit!from!engaging!in!solution!attempts before!they!can!make!sense!of!given! assistance. Methodological!benefits!for!using!local!measures!of!learning!are! discussed!and!comparisons!are!drawn!to!other!forms!of!Productive!Failure!in! problem=solving.!

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Malaria Control In The Tennessee Valley Authority: Health, Ecology, And Metanarratives Of Development, Eric Carter Dec 2013

Malaria Control In The Tennessee Valley Authority: Health, Ecology, And Metanarratives Of Development, Eric Carter

Eric D. Carter

Starting in the 1930s, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) created a globally influential model of regional development through centralized planning of massive public works to re-engineer social and natural systems in impoverished areas. TVA invested heavily in malaria control, since its own reservoirs created perfect breeding grounds for malaria-carrying anopheles mosquitoes. Eventually, both the TVA and malaria control would become key elements in an influential metanarrative in which an American ideology of 'technological modernism' dominated international development in the post-World War II era, until modern environmentalism and other social movements undermined the assumptions and goals of this ideology. This paper …

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Synopsis Of Working Session V: Making Common Ground, Sherrie Steiner Dec 2013

Synopsis Of Working Session V: Making Common Ground, Sherrie Steiner

Sherrie M Steiner

No abstract provided.

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Substance Use Disorders & Ethical Considerations For Social Workers, John Orwat Dec 2013

Substance Use Disorders & Ethical Considerations For Social Workers, John Orwat

John Orwat

No abstract provided.

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Economy Of Mutuality: Merging Financial And Social Sustainability Dec 2013

Economy Of Mutuality: Merging Financial And Social Sustainability

kjackson@fordham.edu

The article posits the concept of economy of mutuality as an intellectual mediation space for shifts in emphasis between market and social structures within economic theory and practice. Economy of mutuality, it is contended, provides an alternative frame of reference to the dichotomy of market economy and social economy, for inquiry about what business is for and what values it presupposes and creates. The article centers around the objective of gaining a broadened understanding of business so as to include not just market economy, but social enterprise and social economy. In pursuit of this objective, a range of various archetypes …

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Using Games To Make Something: Of Our Students, Our Pedagogies, Our Field. A Review Essay Of Gee & Hayes (2011), Squire (2011), Steinkuehler Et Al (2012), And Thomas & Brown (2011), Carly Finseth Dec 2013

Using Games To Make Something: Of Our Students, Our Pedagogies, Our Field. A Review Essay Of Gee & Hayes (2011), Squire (2011), Steinkuehler Et Al (2012), And Thomas & Brown (2011), Carly Finseth

Carly Finseth

If there’s one thing that writing instructors are known for it’s innovation. Compositionists, because of our connection between academia and industry, the humanistic and the technical, the creative and the practical, are often some of the first to explore and adopt new technologies. In this review essay, I introduce how games and digital technologies can help our students “make” new thing. Understanding how games can link with literary practices, multimodal composition, creativity, problem solving, critical thinking, and more can help researchers in rhetoric and composition make important contributions to our field: Make games with the knowledge of what actually works …

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Dimensions Of Subjective Wellbeing, Arie Kapteyn, Jinkook Lee, Caroline Tassot, Hanka Vonkova, Gema Zamarro Dec 2013

Dimensions Of Subjective Wellbeing, Arie Kapteyn, Jinkook Lee, Caroline Tassot, Hanka Vonkova, Gema Zamarro

Gema Zamarro

We use two waves of a population based survey (the RAND American Life Panel) to investigate the relations between various evaluative and experienced well-being measures based on the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, the Gallup Wellbeing Index, and a 12-item hedonic well-being module of the Health and Retirement Study. In a randomized set-up we administered several versions of the survey with different response scales. Using factor analysis, we find that all evaluative measures load on the same factor, but the positive and negative experienced affect measures load on different factors. We find evidence of an effect of response scales on …

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News And Views: Response To ‘Non-Metric Dental Traits And Hominin Phylogeny’ By Carter Et Al., With Additional Information On The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System And Phylogenetic ‘Place’ Of Australopithecus Sediba, Joel Irish, Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, Scott Legge, Darryl De Ruiter, Lee Berger Dec 2013

News And Views: Response To ‘Non-Metric Dental Traits And Hominin Phylogeny’ By Carter Et Al., With Additional Information On The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System And Phylogenetic ‘Place’ Of Australopithecus Sediba, Joel Irish, Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, Scott Legge, Darryl De Ruiter, Lee Berger

Scott Legge

No abstract provided.

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Review Essay: Cultural Heritage Management: Power, Values And Identity, Ana Pereira Roders Dec 2013

Review Essay: Cultural Heritage Management: Power, Values And Identity, Ana Pereira Roders

Morag M. Kersel

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of Food Support On Food Security And Body Weight Among Hiv Antiretroviral Therapy Recipients In Honduras: A Pilot Intervention Trial, Sebastian Linnemayr Dec 2013

Impact Of Food Support On Food Security And Body Weight Among Hiv Antiretroviral Therapy Recipients In Honduras: A Pilot Intervention Trial, Sebastian Linnemayr

Sebastian Linnemayr

Optimal strategies to improve food security and nutrition for people with HIV (PLHIV) may differ in settings where overweight and obesity are prevalent and cardiovascular disease risk is a concern. However, no studies among PLHIV have investigated the impact of food support on nutritional outcomes in these settings. We therefore assessed the effect of food support on food insecurity and body weight in a population of PLHIV with high prevalence of overweight and obesity. We implemented a pilot intervention trial in 4 government-run HIV clinics in Honduras. The trial tested the effect of a monthly household food ration plus nutrition …

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Body Image Avoidance, Body Dissatisfaction And Eating Pathology: Is There A Difference Between Male Gym And Non-Gym Users?, Peta Stapleton, Amy Bannatyne, Timothy Mcintyre Dec 2013

Body Image Avoidance, Body Dissatisfaction And Eating Pathology: Is There A Difference Between Male Gym And Non-Gym Users?, Peta Stapleton, Amy Bannatyne, Timothy Mcintyre

Peta B. Stapleton

With research highlighting the increasing prevalence and severity of body image and eating disturbances in males, particularly athletes and regular gymnasium users, the current study examined body image and eating disturbances in a sample of male gym users and non-gym users (N = 180). Based on previous research, it was predicted that male gym users would report greater body image disturbance (e.g., body image avoidance and body dissatisfaction) and eating pathology, compared with non-gym users. Results of the study partially supported hypotheses, revealing body dissatisfaction and eating pathology were significantly increased in male gym users. However, no significant differences were …

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African Diaspora In Brazil: History, Culture And Politics, Fassil Demissie Dec 2013

African Diaspora In Brazil: History, Culture And Politics, Fassil Demissie

Fassil Demissie

No abstract provided.

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The Road To Mass Democracy: Original Intent And The Seventeenth Amendment, Christopher Hoebeke Dec 2013

The Road To Mass Democracy: Original Intent And The Seventeenth Amendment, Christopher Hoebeke

Christopher H Hoebeke

Until 1913 and passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, US senators were elected by state legislatures, not directly by the people. Progressive Era reformers urged this revision in answer to the corruption of state "machines" under the dominance of party bosses. They also believed that direct elections would make the Senate more responsive to popular concerns regarding the concentrations of business, capital, and labor that in the industrial era gave rise to a growing sense of individual voicelessness. Popular control over the higher affairs of government was thought to be possible, since the spread of information …

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Intersectional Rhetorics: A Case Study In The 2013 Supreme Court Decisions On Doma, Proposition 8, And The Voting Rights Act., Michelle Kearl Dec 2013

Intersectional Rhetorics: A Case Study In The 2013 Supreme Court Decisions On Doma, Proposition 8, And The Voting Rights Act., Michelle Kearl

Michelle Kelsey Kearl

The summer of 2013 saw a troubling social justice whiplash. On June 26th, in two separate decisions the Supreme Court repealed the Defense of Marriage Act and found no standing in the Perry case, also known as the Proposition 8 case, effectively opening the way for gay marriages to resume in California. Just one day before these decisions, a clear victory for mainstream gay rights movements, the same court ruled that the federal government must create a new standard for evaluating how states meet or violate the Voting Rights Act of 1965. While the court did not gut the Act …

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The Abcs Of Fulfilled Living, R. Maxfield Dec 2013

The Abcs Of Fulfilled Living, R. Maxfield

R. Jeffery Maxfield, Ed.D.

The purpose of this little book is to offer some fundamental strategies for living a fulfilled life. The ABCs of Fulfilled Living will help inspire you to create goals and action plans to better your life and/or situation. Read them daily and apply them for better living.

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Recommendations Of Transgender Students, Staff, And Faculty In The Usa For Improving College Campuses, Kristie Seelman Dec 2013

Recommendations Of Transgender Students, Staff, And Faculty In The Usa For Improving College Campuses, Kristie Seelman

Kristie L Seelman

Research indicates that transgender individuals frequently experience marginalization and interpersonal victimization within college and university settings. Missing from the literature is a discussion of what can be done to address such patterns in higher education, based upon empirical data gathered from transgender and gender non-conforming students, staff, and faculty. The present study aims to fill this gap by reporting on solutions offered by a sample of 30 individuals in one U.S. state while integrating a lens of intersectionality. Five resulting themes include: (a) offer education, campus programming, and support for trans individuals; (b) improve university systems and procedures for recording …

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People Don't Want To Call It Your Baby: Stigma And Identity In Misscarriage Narratives, Jennifer Fairchild, Arrington M. Dec 2013

People Don't Want To Call It Your Baby: Stigma And Identity In Misscarriage Narratives, Jennifer Fairchild, Arrington M.

Jennifer Fairchild Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

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Review Of Wild Tongues: Transnational Mexican Popular Culture By Rita E. Urquijo-Ruiz, Alicia Munoz Dec 2013

Review Of Wild Tongues: Transnational Mexican Popular Culture By Rita E. Urquijo-Ruiz, Alicia Munoz

Alicia Muñoz

No abstract provided.

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Paradoxes Of Democratisation: Environmental Politics In East Asia, Mary Alice Haddad Dec 2013

Paradoxes Of Democratisation: Environmental Politics In East Asia, Mary Alice Haddad

Mary Alice Haddad

This chapter examines environmental politics in four polities that run the full spectrum of political regimes: mainland China (authoritarian), South Korea and Taiwan (newly democratic), and Japan (mature democracy). The chapter argues that variation in environmental politics in each place resulted primarily from the timing of their environmental movements, with subsequent movements learning from predecessors and gaining increasing access to global NGO networks. Paradoxically, when environmental movements became linked to democratization movements (in South Korea and Taiwan), they also became linked to political parties, which hindered access to government policymaking when non-allied parties were in power.

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A Longitudinal Study Of Well-Being Of Older Europeans: Does Retirement Matter?, Raquel Fonseca, Arie Kapteyn, Jinkook Lee, Gema Zamarro, Kevin Feeney Dec 2013

A Longitudinal Study Of Well-Being Of Older Europeans: Does Retirement Matter?, Raquel Fonseca, Arie Kapteyn, Jinkook Lee, Gema Zamarro, Kevin Feeney

Gema Zamarro

We examine determinants of financial and subjective well-being, in particular poverty and depression, among older individuals in Europe. We do so using the 2004, 2006, and 2010 waves of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe and estimating dynamic panel data and binary choice transition models. We find a number of common effects across financial and subjective well-being. Unemployment, disabilities, serious health conditions, lower education, being female, and not being married increase the probability of poverty or depression. Conversely, healthy individuals, those with higher levels of education, males, and married individuals have higher probabilities of exiting poverty or …

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The Administrative Organization Of Sustainability Within Local Government, Rachel Krause, Richard Feiock, Christopher Hawkins Dec 2013

The Administrative Organization Of Sustainability Within Local Government, Rachel Krause, Richard Feiock, Christopher Hawkins

Rachel M. Krause

Administrative structure can shape bureaucratic process, performance, and responsiveness and is a particularly important consideration when new bureaucratic functions and programs are being established. However, the factors that influence the assignment of these functions to specific government agencies or departments are understudied, particularly at the local level. The absence of empirical evidence regarding bureaucratic assignment in local government limits understanding of institutional design and the organizational choices available, particularly as they relate to specific policy areas. As an initial step in developing a theory of agency assignment at the local level, we examine the placement of sustainability programs in 401 …

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Evolution Of Data Creation, Management, Publication, And Curation In The Research Process, Lisa Zilinski, David Scherer, Darcy Bullock, Deborah Horton, Courtney Matthews Dec 2013

Evolution Of Data Creation, Management, Publication, And Curation In The Research Process, Lisa Zilinski, David Scherer, Darcy Bullock, Deborah Horton, Courtney Matthews

Lisa Zilinski

Sharing research data and scholarship is of national importance due to the increased focus on maximizing return on the government’s investment in research programs. Recent policy changes have directly affected the management and accessibility of publicly-funded research. On January 18, 2011 the National Science Foundation (NSF) required data management plans to be submitted with all grant proposals. On February 22, 2013, the Office of Science and Technology Policy of the President of the United States extended a similar requirement to all federal agencies with research and development budgets of more than $100 million. These requirements illustrate the need for further …

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Same Sex Couples’ Decision To Start A Family, D. Sturm, Erika Metzler Sawin, A. Metzler Sawin Dec 2013

Same Sex Couples’ Decision To Start A Family, D. Sturm, Erika Metzler Sawin, A. Metzler Sawin

Erika Metzler Sawin

No abstract provided.

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General Considerations In Kinship Care, Susan Kelley, Deborah Whitley Dec 2013

General Considerations In Kinship Care, Susan Kelley, Deborah Whitley

Deborah M. Whitley

No abstract provided.

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