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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2015

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Articles 27301 - 27330 of 27637

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Dynamic Ecology Of The Writing Process And Agency: A Corpus-Based Comparative Case Study Of Stancetaking Among Native Speakers And Non-Native Speakers Of English In First-Year Composition Conferences, Kirk Marshall Wilkins Dec 2014

The Dynamic Ecology Of The Writing Process And Agency: A Corpus-Based Comparative Case Study Of Stancetaking Among Native Speakers And Non-Native Speakers Of English In First-Year Composition Conferences, Kirk Marshall Wilkins

Kirk Marshall Wilkins

While previous research into writing conferences and tutorials has found that sessions with non-native speakers of English (NNSs) differ from those with native speakers of English (NSs), these studies using conversation analysis have tended to approach conferences through more qualitative methodologies. This thesis builds upon and enriches these previous studies by incorporating more of a quantitative analysis through the use of corpus linguistics to systematically analyze the frequency with which particular grammatical devices that express the attitude of the speaker, otherwise known as stance, and power are used and how these frequencies may vary within a specific set of NS …

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Defining Heroism: Objectively Possible Or In The Eye Of The Beholder?, Scott T. Allison, George R. Goethals Dec 2014

Defining Heroism: Objectively Possible Or In The Eye Of The Beholder?, Scott T. Allison, George R. Goethals

Scott T. Allison

A number of scholars have attempted to define heroism (see Franco, Blau, & Zimbardo, 2011). We applaud these efforts while also agreeing with Joseph Campbell (1988) that heroism is ultimately in the eye of the beholder.

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Social Work And The Affordable Care Act: Maximizing The Profession’S Role In Health Reform, Christina Andrews, Teri Browne, Heidi Allen, Darla S. Coffey, Sarah Gehlert, Robyn Golden, Jeanne Marsh, Timothy Mcbride, Angelo Mcclain, Edward Woomer Dec 2014

Social Work And The Affordable Care Act: Maximizing The Profession’S Role In Health Reform, Christina Andrews, Teri Browne, Heidi Allen, Darla S. Coffey, Sarah Gehlert, Robyn Golden, Jeanne Marsh, Timothy Mcbride, Angelo Mcclain, Edward Woomer

Teri Browne

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is generating sweeping changes in the financing, organization, and accessibility of health and social services in the United States. In light of these changes, a strategic planning meeting was convened to develop recommendations for how social work can maximize its contributions to the ACA. Participants discussed six areas in which the profession has especially significant potential to contribute to the ACA: care coordination, behavioral health service integration, insurance access, health behavior change, care transition management, and community-based prevention.

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Will Open Access Get Me Cited? An Analysis Of The Efficacy Of Open Access Publishing In Political Science, Amy Atchison, Jonathan Bull Dec 2014

Will Open Access Get Me Cited? An Analysis Of The Efficacy Of Open Access Publishing In Political Science, Amy Atchison, Jonathan Bull

Amy Atchison

The digital revolution has made it easier for Political Scientists to share and access high-quality research online. However, many of these articles are stored in proprietary databases that some institutions cannot afford. High-quality, peer reviewed, top-tier journal articles that have been made open access (freely available online) should theoretically be more easily accessed and cited than articles of similar quality that are only available to paying customers. Research into the efficacy of Open Access (OA) publishing has thus far focused mainly on the natural sciences, and the results have been mixed. Because OA has not been as widely adopted in …

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Internally Buffered Districts: A New Technique To Make Zoning Less Exclusionary, William Leaf, Michael Lewyn Dec 2014

Internally Buffered Districts: A New Technique To Make Zoning Less Exclusionary, William Leaf, Michael Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Proposes creating a new kind of zone called an "internally buffered district." Within these zones, intensive land uses like stores and apartments are allowed, so long as the latter uses are physically separated from nearby residential districts. The article suggests that developers compensate homeowners for rezoning their property to the internally buffered classification, thus allowing for both more compact development and more protection of homeowners' interests.

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Do Payroll Taxes In The United States Create Bunching At Kink Points?, David Powell Dec 2014

Do Payroll Taxes In The United States Create Bunching At Kink Points?, David Powell

David Powell

Much of the literature on labor supply responsiveness to taxes studies the effects of payroll and income taxes together, usually using income tax changes to identify effects. There is less research on how individuals respond to payroll taxes specifically. Given the salience of the payroll tax relative to other income taxes, it is possible that taxpayers respond differentially than income tax elasticities may suggest. Using data from the Social Security Administration, I exploit two recent short-term changes in payroll taxes to study whether labor earnings responded. The Making Work Pay Tax Credit reduced the payroll tax by 6.2 percentage points …

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The Initiation Of Heroism Science, Scott T. Allison Dec 2014

The Initiation Of Heroism Science, Scott T. Allison

Scott T. Allison

In this article I describe the nascent field of heroism science, as part of a broader movement for the promotion of heroism in 21st century societies. I identify several markers of its emergence and offer reasons why the science is now coalescing into an established and autonomous field of inquiry. Moreover, I discuss the importance of maintaining a dynamic symbiotic relationship between the research and activist wings of the heroism movement. The aims and scope of heroism science are discussed, and reasons are offered for producing a science that is inclusive, transdisciplinary, and risk-taking. I examine all these issues within …

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Epistemological Dizziness In The Psychological Laboratory: Lively Subjects, Anxious Experimenters And Experimental Relations, 1950-1970., Jill G. Morawski Dec 2014

Epistemological Dizziness In The Psychological Laboratory: Lively Subjects, Anxious Experimenters And Experimental Relations, 1950-1970., Jill G. Morawski

Jill G. Morawski

Since the demise of introspective techniques in the early twentieth century,
experimental psychology has largely assumed an administrative arrangement between
experimenters and subjects wherein subjects respond to experimenters’ instructions
and experimenters meticulously constrain that relationship through experimental
controls. During the postwar era this standard arrangement came to be questioned,
initiating reflections that resonated with Cold War anxieties about the nature of the
subjects and the experimenters alike. Albeit relatively short lived, these interrogations
of laboratory relationships gave rise to unconventional testimonies and critiques of
experimental method and epistemology. Researchers voiced serious concerns about
the honesty and normality of subjects, the …

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Constrained Choice: Mothers, The State, And Domestic Violence, Rona Kaufman Kitchen Dec 2014

Constrained Choice: Mothers, The State, And Domestic Violence, Rona Kaufman Kitchen

Rona Kaufman Kitchen

Mothers who are the victims of domestic violence face unique challenges in their quest for safety. The legal response to domestic violence requires that mothers respond to abuse in specific state-sanctioned manners. However, when mothers respond accordingly, such as by reporting abuse and leaving the abusive relationship, their safety and the safety of their children is not guaranteed. Moreover, by responding in state-sanctioned manners, mothers risk a host of negative consequences including increased threat to their immediate and long-term safety, the loss of their children, undesired financial, health, and social consequences, and criminal prosecution. On the other hand, when mothers …

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Acting Otherwise: Resistance, Agency And Subjectivities In Milgram’S Studies Of Obedience, Jill G. Morawski Dec 2014

Acting Otherwise: Resistance, Agency And Subjectivities In Milgram’S Studies Of Obedience, Jill G. Morawski

Jill G. Morawski

In this account of the Obedience to Authority experiments, we offer a richer and more dynamic 
depiction of the subjects’ acts and reactions. To paraphrase Milgram, our account tries to examine 
the central elements of the situation as perceived by its research subjects. We describe a model 
of the experimenter–subject system that moves beyond experimentalism and humanism, positing 
instead a model that considers experimenter–subject relations and extends both spatially and 
temporally past the experiment’s traditionally assumed limits: the walls of the laboratory and 
its canonical methods. Following Butler and Krause, we propose an approach that attends to 
quotidian, subtle, and …

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Language-Based Communication Strategies That Support Person-Centered Communication, Marie Y. Savundranayagam, Kelsey Moore-Nielson Dec 2014

Language-Based Communication Strategies That Support Person-Centered Communication, Marie Y. Savundranayagam, Kelsey Moore-Nielson

Marie Y. Savundranayagam

No abstract provided.

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Intra-Household Allocation Of Family Resources And Birth Order: Evidence From France Using Siblings Data, Stéphane Mechoulan, Charles-François Wolff Dec 2014

Intra-Household Allocation Of Family Resources And Birth Order: Evidence From France Using Siblings Data, Stéphane Mechoulan, Charles-François Wolff

Stéphane Mechoulan

No abstract provided.

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For Better Or For Worse: The Impact Of Social Media On Chinese Sports Journalists, Steve Dittmore Dec 2014

For Better Or For Worse: The Impact Of Social Media On Chinese Sports Journalists, Steve Dittmore

Steve Dittmore

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of social media in Chinese sports journalism. After distributing an online survey using a snowball sampling technique, a total of 133 Chinese sports journalists working in print media participated in this study. The results indicated that news gathering was reported as a primary motivation
to use social media. Weibo and WeChat, two localized social networking tools, were the most commonly used tools among participants. Nearly half of participating sports journalists admitted that monitoring information on social media increased their pressure level and created workloads. The majority of sports journalists believed …

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The Hero's Journey, Transformation, And Spirituality, Scott T. Allison Dec 2014

The Hero's Journey, Transformation, And Spirituality, Scott T. Allison

Scott T. Allison

Identifying missing qualities and acquiring them is essential for heroes to succeed with their missions. The discovery (or recovery) of these attributes is the basis for the personal transformation that the hero undergoes during the journey. The most satisfying heroes we encounter in storytelling and in real life are heroes who experience this transformative discovery of their missing quality.

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Active Involvement: Developing An Intervention That Actively Engages Older Adults In Fall Prevention Message Planning, Danielle Catona Ph.D. Dec 2014

Active Involvement: Developing An Intervention That Actively Engages Older Adults In Fall Prevention Message Planning, Danielle Catona Ph.D.

Danielle Catona

Falls are a serious public health issue among adults age 65 and older. More than a third of 
older adults fall each year (Hausdorff, Rios, & Edelber, 2001). Strength and balance 
exercise interventions have been found to reduce the risk of falls (Rand Report, 2003). 
Yet, more than 50% of older adults reject fall-related interventions (Campbell et al., 
1997; Robertson, Devlin, Gardner, & Campbell, 2001; Stevens, Holman, Bennett, & de 
Klerk, 2001). One possible but untested intervention strategy is to have older adults plan 
pro-strength and balance exercise messages for his/her peers. An active involvement 
intervention is promising because older …

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Cahokia's Coles Creek Predecessors, Vincas P. Steponaitis, Megan C. Kassabaum, John W. O'Hear Dec 2014

Cahokia's Coles Creek Predecessors, Vincas P. Steponaitis, Megan C. Kassabaum, John W. O'Hear

Megan C Kassabaum

No abstract provided.

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Pocahontas: The Unknown And Underestimated Hero Of Central Virginia, Meghan N. Dillon Dec 2014

Pocahontas: The Unknown And Underestimated Hero Of Central Virginia, Meghan N. Dillon

Scott T. Allison

The purpose of this chapter is to dispel some of the false perceptions of Pocahontas and elaborate on her many acts of selflessness during the early colonization of Virginia. These actions added up to a meaningful life of heroism. Through the use of various scholarly articles and sources, we can attempt to understand her heroism as it pertains to her relationship with the English colonizers sent by the Virginia Company. Pocahontas’ contributions to the heroic history of Richmond largely go unnoticed, but it is this chapter’s aim to bring her and all of her varied accomplishments into the light. Without …

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Known Library Use And Student Retention: A Methods Case Study, Ashley Ireland Dec 2014

Known Library Use And Student Retention: A Methods Case Study, Ashley Ireland

Ashley Ireland

No abstract provided.

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Optimizing Conservation Strategies For Mexican Free-Tailed Bats: A Population Viability And Ecosystem Services Approach, Ruscena Wiederholt, Laura López-Hoffman, Colleen Svancara, Gary Mccracken, Wayne Thogmartin, Jay E. Diffendorfer, Brady Mattson, Kenneth Bagstad, Paul Cryan, Amy L. Russell, Darius Semmens, Rodrigo A. Medellín Dec 2014

Optimizing Conservation Strategies For Mexican Free-Tailed Bats: A Population Viability And Ecosystem Services Approach, Ruscena Wiederholt, Laura López-Hoffman, Colleen Svancara, Gary Mccracken, Wayne Thogmartin, Jay E. Diffendorfer, Brady Mattson, Kenneth Bagstad, Paul Cryan, Amy L. Russell, Darius Semmens, Rodrigo A. Medellín

Amy L. Russell

Conservation planning can be challenging due to the need to balance biological concerns about population viability with social concerns about the benefits biodiversity provide to society, often while operating under a limited budget. Methods and tools that help prioritize conservation actions are critical for the management of at-risk species. Here, we use a multi-attribute utility function to assess the optimal maternity roosts to conserve for maintaining the population viability and the ecosystem services of a single species, the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana). Mexican free-tailed bats provide ecosystem services such as insect pest-suppression in agricultural areas and recreational viewing …

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Proximity And Journalistic Practice In Environmental Discourse: Experiencing “Job Blackmail” In The News, Barbara Johnstone, Justin Mando Dec 2014

Proximity And Journalistic Practice In Environmental Discourse: Experiencing “Job Blackmail” In The News, Barbara Johnstone, Justin Mando

Barbara Johnstone

The shift from coal to natural gas to fuel electricity generation has positive (environmental) and
negative (economic) consequences for people in the affected areas of the US. Representations
of the situation in the media shape how citizens understand and respond to it. We explore
the role of proximity in media discourse about the closing of a coal-fired power plant near
Waynesburg, a small city in a Pennsylvania coal-mining region. Comparing reporting in smallercirculation
newspapers closer to the site with reporting in larger-circulation regional newspapers,
we find that Waynesburg-area papers simply describe the events leading to the closure while
regional papers …

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Policy Change And Coups: The Role Of Income Inequality And Asset Specificity, Taeko Hiroi, Sawa Omori Dec 2014

Policy Change And Coups: The Role Of Income Inequality And Asset Specificity, Taeko Hiroi, Sawa Omori

Taeko Hiroi

Building on the models developed by Boix, Acemoglu, and Robinson on the relationship between economic structures and regime change, we develop a theory that emphasizes structural characteristics of societies and the effects of policy change in such circumstances. We posit that significant policy change in an unequal or asset-specific society induces coups against the incumbent political leader by the losing faction of the elites seeking to prevent or cut losses associated with the policy shifts. Our empirical analysis indicates that the risk of a coup rises considerably during a period of a significant policy change in a society with a …

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Slow Scholarship.Pdf, Alison Mountz, Anne Bonds, Becky Mansfield, Jenna Loyd, Jennifer Hyndman, Margaret Walton-Roberts, Ranu Basu, Risa Whitson, Roberta Hawkins, Trina Hamilton, Winifred S. Curran Dec 2014

Slow Scholarship.Pdf, Alison Mountz, Anne Bonds, Becky Mansfield, Jenna Loyd, Jennifer Hyndman, Margaret Walton-Roberts, Ranu Basu, Risa Whitson, Roberta Hawkins, Trina Hamilton, Winifred S. Curran

Winifred S Curran

The neoliberal university requires high productivity in compressed time frames. Though the neoliberal transformation of the university is well documented, the isolating effects and embodied work conditions
of such increasing demands are too rarely discussed. In this article, we develop a feminist ethics of care that challenges these working conditions. Our politics foreground collective action and the contention that good scholarship requires time to think, write, read, research, analyze, edit, organize, and resist the growing administrative and professional demands that disrupt these crucial processes of intellectual growth and personal freedom. This collectively written article explores alternatives to the fast-paced, metric-oriented …

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The Phrasal Verb In American English: Using Corpora To Track Down Historical Trends In Particle Distribution, Register Variation, And Noun Collocations, David West Brown, Chris C. Palmer Dec 2014

The Phrasal Verb In American English: Using Corpora To Track Down Historical Trends In Particle Distribution, Register Variation, And Noun Collocations, David West Brown, Chris C. Palmer

Chris C. Palmer

Phrasal verbs, such as "run up" in "They always run up our electric bill," have long been of interest to researchers of English linguistics. Scholars have been particularly focused on the definition and categorization of these multi-word items, as well as their grammatical, pragmatic, and semantic functions. Additionally, phrasal verbs have been examined historically, and recently corpus methods have been used to begin investigating phrasal verb frequency and patterns of variation across registers. But few studies have combined diachronic and register-based approaches to analyze the development of the phrasal verb in American English. This study uses large, monitor corpora--The Corpus …

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The (Somewhat) False Hope Of Comprehensive Planning, Michael Lewyn Dec 2014

The (Somewhat) False Hope Of Comprehensive Planning, Michael Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Some commentators equate municipal comprehensive plans with "smart" growth (that is, development that considers the needs of nondrivers as well as the needs of automobiles). However, comprehensive planning. although desirable, is neither necessary nor sufficient for smart growth. Plans are not necessary because zoning reforms can achieve the same smart growth objectives as plans, and are not sufficient because many comprehensive plans support sprawl rather than smart growth.

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Negotiating Citizenships And Borders Of Political Belonging, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking Dec 2014

Negotiating Citizenships And Borders Of Political Belonging, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking

Paul W Nesbitt-Larking

No abstract provided.

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The 'Good Enough' Multicultural City: Managing Diversity In Toronto, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking, Neil Bradford Dec 2014

The 'Good Enough' Multicultural City: Managing Diversity In Toronto, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking, Neil Bradford

Paul W Nesbitt-Larking

No abstract provided.

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More Than Images: Postcards And New Reflections On Information Literacy, Rachel Wen-Paloutzian Dec 2014

More Than Images: Postcards And New Reflections On Information Literacy, Rachel Wen-Paloutzian

Rachel Wen-Paloutzian

Focusing on a case study of postcard instruction for an American Culture course in the William H. Hannon Library at LMU, this presentation discusses how library instruction with postcards works within the new ACRL Information Literacy Framework. Specifically, Native Americans postcards are great resources to explore and illustrate one of the Framework concepts, “Authority is constructed and contextual.” Also, this presentation highlights metaliteracy, in particular, the affective engagement with information. Alongside behavioral and cognitive analytic skills, affective value is central to learning with cultural artifacts and visual resources, such as postcards.  

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What Is Your Purpose In Life?, Scott T. Allison Dec 2014

What Is Your Purpose In Life?, Scott T. Allison

Scott T. Allison

Joseph Campbell (1949) did more than outline the stages of the hero's journey; he proposed that all human beings are on such a journey. We show how the hero's path mirrors stages of human lifespan development. This parallel suggests that human beings' life purpose is to live the life of a hero, including (1) embarking on a journey; (2) growing from adversity; (3) assembling a team of allies; and (4) giving back to society.

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The Initiation Of Heroism Science, Scott T. Allison Dec 2014

The Initiation Of Heroism Science, Scott T. Allison

Scott T. Allison

In this article I describe the nascent field of heroism science, as part of a broader movement for the promotion of heroism in 21st century societies. I identify several markers of its emergence and offer reasons why the science is now coalescing into an established and autonomous field of inquiry. Moreover, I discuss the importance of maintaining a dynamic symbiotic relationship between the research and activist wings of the heroism movement. The aims and scope of heroism science are discussed, and reasons are offered for producing a science that is inclusive, transdisciplinary, and risk-taking. I examine all these issues within …

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The Movie Action Hero, Adrian Lam Dec 2014

The Movie Action Hero, Adrian Lam

Scott T. Allison

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that details how to craft a compelling action hero movie based on empirical psychological research. The paper defines a compelling action hero movie as a movie with an action hero protagonist that maximizes narrative transportation, persuasion and enjoyment.

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