Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A Note On Mitigating The Adverse Scale Effects Associated With Daily Driving Restrictions, Arthur J. Caplan, Man-Keun Kim

Applied Economics Faculty Publications

This paper investigates the role of additional regulation in mitigating the “adverse scale effect” associated with daily driving restrictions, which has become a popular regulatory tool used to control episodic air pollution internationally, especially in developing countries. We find that although an annual vehicle registration tax reduces the incentive to purchase additional vehicles among households whose sole purpose for doing so is to “cheat” the restriction (i.e., the “adverse scale effect”), it does so with an external cost. The cost occurs because households whose purpose for purchasing an additional vehicle is not to cheat the restriction are given the same …

The Impact Of Premeeting Talk On Group Performance, Michael Yoerger, Joseph A. Allen, John Crowe

Psychology Faculty Publications

Interactions that occur prior to a meeting constitute premeeting talk (PMT). Of the different PMT types, research suggests that small talk PMT is especially meaningful. In this study, meeting participants’ interactions both prior to and during the meeting were video recorded, coded into sense units, and classified by coding schemes. This study investigated the influence of small talk PMT on both perceived and objective group performances, as well as the potential for positive socioemotional and problem-focused statements to serve as mediators. The results supported the mediating influence of both types of statements for only perceived performance. Our results suggest that …

How Do You Like Me Now? An Examination Of College Students’ Use Of Social Media Sites, James D. Wheeler Iii

Honors Program Theses and Projects

The digital era and the rise of new technology within everyday experiences has led young adults to seek out social media sites as a means of socializing, identity building, self-expression, and seeking validation from peers and friends. The previous work of scholars expresses how social media sites have become a predominate form of communication amongst young adults, and are a social hub for establishing communities that foster particular ideals and online behavior of ‘digital natives’ (those born right before and after the general introduction of digital technologies). This research project contextualizes young adults’ use and behaviors on social media by …

Animal Welfare: A Contemporary Understanding Demands A Contemporary Approach To Behavior And Training, E. Anne Mcbride, David J. Montgomery

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Contemporary understanding of One Welfare highlights the intrinsic link between animal and human welfare and ethics, regarding physical and psychological well-being as equally important. These principles apply to all animals we keep, regardless of why we keep them. One factor influencing psychological welfare is how animals are prepared for their life, including how they are taught (trained) to behave. Where such preparation is lacking or inappropriate methods are used, animals will be fearful and/or frustrated, resulting in impaired welfare, problematic behavior, and potential injury to humans and other animals. How animals are trained and by whom are the focus of …

China's Affirmative Action Policy For Ethnic Minority Students.Docx, Caitlin Shea

Caitlin Shea

8.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

End Matter 8.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Getting The Internship

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Internships can be a great opportunity to explore potential areas of interest, make meaningful connections, and gain experience in the workplace. However, even the market for internships can be competitive. Here we present some relevant questions answered by our community of internship hiring professionals from several organizations. These contributing organizations offer internship experiences in a variety of fields and range in location from on-campus to out-of-state. We’re confident that their insight will be an extremely valuable resource to psychology undergraduates and recent graduates hoping to take advantage of some unique opportunities in the internship world.

Women And Eating: Cognitive Dissonance Versus Self-Perception Theory

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Eating attitudes and eating beliefs in females might be explained by cognitive dissonance (conforming beliefs to match behaviors) or self-perception theory (beliefs inferred by behaviors). A sample of 129 female undergraduates, divided into three groups, were taken to see if the food they ate affected their attitude towards food or body image. A healthy food group consisted of low calorie foods, a junk food group consisted of high calorie foods, and a control group was given no food. Participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and Body Image Scale (BIS). There were no differences between groups on BIS (p=0.60), suggesting …

Positive And Negative Effects Of Various Coaching Styles On Player Performance And Development

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This review highlights the important role that coaches play in the physical and psychological development and performance of athletes under their stewardship; it also explores various types of techniques used by coaches to accomplish their goals and objectives and examines the effectiveness of these coaching techniques on the players and their ability to perform on the field. Two main ideals will be considered: the coaching techniques and the effects of those techniques on the athletes. Though there are various methods of coaching, this review will use three examples of coaching methods. The result of this review may prompt coaches to …

Narcissism In Social Interactions: Measurement Design And Validation

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Narcissism, generally defined as selfish egotism, has a derogatory effect on personal relationships.In an effort to help employers and others anticipate and avoid social conflicts arising from narcissistic behavior, we created the Narcissism Sociability Index (NSI). Our hypothesis assessed narcissistic behavior in two domains, grandiose state of mind and severely disturbed social relations, in an attempt to shorten the previously established Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI. Raskin & Hall,1979). The NSI is a 10-question self-report measure using a 6-point Likert scale. We used a convenience sample consisting of 105 Brigham Young University (BYU) students, their families, and friends. The NSI had …

Gender & Visiting Hours: Male And Female Adherence To The Visiting Hours As Stated By The Byu Honor Code

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The intent of this study is to examine how closely males and females attending Brigham Young University report to adhering to The University’s Honor Code regarding visiting hours, which are from 9 a.m. until midnight. Three-hundred-nineteen single students participated in our survey. The survey asked a series of integrity-based questions related to whether or not the participant complied with The University’s strict Honor Code. There was no significant statistical difference between male and female knowledge of the visiting hours as outlined in the Honor Code. However, males reported they were less likely than females to adhere to the visiting hours …

Sexual Violence In South Africa: A Review Of The Literature

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Sexual and nonsexual violence are perpetrated in South Africa at an alarming rate. While the precise rates of these phenomena are unknown, several attempts have been made to estimate these as well as factors that contribute to violence in South Africa, specifically sexual violence. Within the literature there are three probable factors that drive sexual violence in South Africa: gender norms, economic adversity, and age hierarchies. Other factors that may contribute to sexual violence, such as religion, cultural norms, social myths, misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, and a violent national history, may be a result of or contribute to the gender, economic, …

Front Matter 8.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

7.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

The Positive Effects Of Fathering And The Negative Effects Of A Father’S Absence In The Lives Of Children From Infancy To Early Adulthood: A Review Of The Literature

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Paternal involvement is a crucial variable in the development of a child’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The negative effects of a father’s absence present many risk factors for children. This review of the literature seeks to combine the research surrounding the positive effects that paternal involvement yields in the lives of children, the negative effects of a father’s absence, the various variables that impede paternal involvement, and the possible interventions or replacements for fathers in the lives of children. Although many impeding factors have been identified, little research has been done to find a possible intervention. According to the research …

An Overview Of The Nature–Nurture Debate And A Proposed New Paradigm

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The roots of the nature-nurture debate within psychology are briefly reviewed. Nature (that is, genetic influence) and nurture (social-environmental influence) offer two distinct perspectives on human personality and behavior. However, despite their differences, the two perspectives are philosophically identical in that both, when carried to the extreme, result in the disintegration of personal accountability and agency. The arguments for nature and for nurture imply an outward locus of control: either one’s genes or one’s history of social influences may be considered to adequately account for how a person behaves. Neither of these arguments gives an individual control over one’s course …

Self-Esteem

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Although self-esteem is a well-researched topic, there are some aspects of self-esteem that have been left out of the research. The I’ve Got Self-Esteem Questionnaire (IGSEQ), a 10-item measure, seeks to balance the existing research focusing on mother-figure support and inborn aspects of appearance by conversely evaluating self-esteem through the domains of father-figure support and controllable aspects of appearance, such as personal hygiene and grooming. Using a 4-point Likert scale, the IGSEQ was administered to a convenience sample of 101 college-age students (64 female and 37 male). The IGSEQ demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = .73) and had acceptable content …

Latter-Day Saint Religious Media And Perfectionsim

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Links between exposure to religious media and perfectionism were investigated in 121 Latter-day Saint (LDS), Brigham Young University students. Random assignment was given to view an LDS religious video or no video, after which participants filled out a questionnaire assessing the effects of LDS media on perfectionism. The 35- item Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) scored students’ perfectionism. Our hypothesis, that viewing an LDS religious video would increase adaptive perfectionism scores and decrease maladaptive scores, was not supported. However, a post-hoc analysis showed a significant interaction effect between gender and video exposure among single participants. Unmarried males had lower perfectionism …

Notetaking And Recall Of Auditory And Visual Information: A Pilot Study

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Does notetaking affect performance on recall tests? Past research has generally found that notetaking improves performance, but all of these studies have focused on recall of auditory information. The current study was intended as a pilot study to examine the effect of notetaking method on both immediate and delayed recall, as well as both audio and visual recall. Eighteen undergraduate psychology students in the same psychology class at a major, private university watched a 5-minute video clip and then immediately completed a 29-question test. When tested 48 hours later, participants completed a similar 29-question test. Though no significant statistical results …

The Rise Of Single-Child Families: Psychologically Harming The Child?

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The number of single-child families continues to increase yearly due to financial burdens, social contexts, and even governmental restraints (Wong, 2005). While having only one child might be easier financially (Griffin, 2002), what are the psychological costs of single-child families in relation to an only-child? This literature review explains how despite only-children typically being more creative and intellectual, many problems surface due to having no siblings. It is generally found that only-children lack social and emotional ability because of not having siblings with which to interact. Only-children also tend to experience increased parental pressure. These problems typically last throughout an …

Interview With Current Graduate Students

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Race, Socioeconomics, Intelligence, And Criminal Offending: Accounting For Variation In Criminal Justice Outcomes, Elise Marie Ferguson

Sociology ETDs

Racial disparities in arrests and incarceration are well documented and typically considered the result of differences in rates of offending. However, research indicates variation in rates of arrest and incarceration by race is not due entirely to differences in offending. While criminal offending can result in part from differences in economic and social factors, these factors also influence criminal justice outcomes. The focal concerns perspective posits that criminal justice actors develop a schema – a pattern of thought or behavior – which can influence decision making and lead to differential treatment by race in criminal justice outcomes. This schema can …

Seminary Releases Revised Mdiv Program, Samantha Angeles

Andrews Agenda: Campus News

No abstract provided.

Rankings And Enrollment Report, Stephen Payne

Andrews Agenda: Campus News

No abstract provided.

The Power Of Encouraging Conversation, Lisa Hayden

Andrews Agenda: Campus News

No abstract provided.

Board Report: October 2017, Gillian Sanner

Andrews Agenda: Campus News

No abstract provided.

Transcription Activator Like Effector Nucleases (Talens): A New, Important, And Versatile Gene Editing Technique With A Growing Literature, Philip Barnett

Publications and Research

Transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs) is a new and powerful technique in genetic engineering that can delete deleterious genes or add beneficial genes to organisms. It is being widely studied to improve crops and livestock, and is also being investigated clinically. Comparing the details of how both TALENs and its competitor, CRISPR-Cas9, function, reveals the potential advantages of TALENs. The growing literature, besides covering the scientific and technical aspects of TALENs, also includes pertinent information on regulatory aspects and the public’s perception and acceptance of TALENs.

The Behavioural Response Of Migrating Humpback Whales To A Full Seismic Airgun Array, Rebecca A. Dunlop, Michael J. Noad, Robert D. Mccauley, Eric Kniest, Robert Slade, David Paton, Douglas H. Cato

Anthropogenics and Population Decline Collection

Despite concerns on the effects of noise from seismic survey airguns on marine organisms, there remains uncertainty as to the biological significance of any response. This study quantifies and interprets the response of migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) to a 3130 in³ (51.3l) commercial airgun array. We compare the behavioural responses to active trials (array operational; n = 34 whale groups), with responses to control trials (source vessel towing the array while silent; n = 33) and baseline studies of normal behaviour in the absence of the vessel (n = 85). No abnormal behaviours were recorded …

Speech Codes Theory, Tabitha Hart

Faculty Publications

Rooted in the ethnography of communication and based on empirical research, speech codes theory is a theoretical/methodological tool for studying situated communication practices. Two important applications of speech codes theory are to reveal local cultures and to examine the ways in which people make use of communication to accomplish important goals pertaining to communal life. Speech codes theory offers researchers a systematic approach to describing, interpreting, analyzing, and comparing local communicative practices and the cultures which they instantiate.