Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Satellite-Derived Maps Of Snow Cover Frequency For The Northern Hemisphere, Kenneth F. Dewey

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A satellite imagery-based Northern Hemisphere snow cover data archive was mapped for the period 1966-84: The maps were digitized in order to create the first hemispheric, spatially data-continuous climatologies of snow cover. Annual and monthly climatologies were created and compared to several standard or frequently referenced climatologies. Results of this analysis indicate that the satellite-based climatology provides a much more detailed climatology for the higher latitude and highland regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The satellite imagery-based maps, when compared to the historical snow cover climatologies, indicated more extensive high-latitude snow cover concurrent with a northward shift in the southern extent …

A Preliminary Investigation Of A Relationship Between South American Snow Cover And The Southern Oscillation, Randall S. Cerveny, Brent R. Skeeter, Kenneth F. Dewey

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A ten-year (1974-83) satellite record of snow cover is compared to a standard index of the Southern Oscillation. South American snow cover area during the May-October snow season is found to be correlated significantly with the winter SOI values of the same year. The relationship is inverse; periods of low SOI values are associated with extensive South American snow cover while periods of high SOI values occur during years of diminished snow cover. The movements of the Pacific anticyclone and the midlatitude westerlies and subsequent changes in precipitation and temperature patterns are discussed in an analysis of this relationship.

Windbreaks And Crop Production, James R. Brandle

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Paleogeomorphic Significance Of Two Paleosols In The Dakota Formation (Cretaceous), Southeastern Nebraska, R. M. Joeckel

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Tao How? Asian Religions And The Problem Of Environmental Degradation, Philip Novak

Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship

"Twenty-five years ago, Huston Smith wrote an article called Tao Now ¹ to enlist the help of traditional Chinese attitudes toward nature in expanding the West's environmental awareness. If my interrogative betrays a greater diffidence than his imperative, it is only because China, the land of the Tao, lacks an enviable environmental record. Sadly, it seems that the existence of noble cultural ideals regarding the environment, in India as well as China, have not been a sufficient gurantee of good stewardship." ~ from the article

Effects Of Fire In The Northern Great Plains, Kenneth F. Higgins, Arnold D. Kruse, James L. Piehl

SDSU Extension Circulars

Fire has been used inconsistently to manage native and tame grasslands in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) of the north-central U.S. and south-central Canada, particularly the grasslands found in prairies, plains, agricultural land retirement programs, and moist soil sites. This has happened for three primary reasons: (1) the reduction of American Indian use of fire after 1875, (2) fire suppression and land use changes that put increasingly more acres under annual tillage since about the same time, and (3) a growing resistance to the use of fire since about 1940, largely due to media overemphasis of its harmful effects (e.g., …

Fish Acute Toxicity Syndromes And Their Use In The Qsar Approach To Hazard Assessment, Steven P. Bradbury, James M. Mckim, Gerald J. Niemi

Steven P. Bradbury

Implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1977 creates the need to reliably establish testing priorities because laboratory resources are limited and the number of industrial chemicals requiring evaluation is overwhelming. The use of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models as rapid and predictive screening tools to select more potentially hazardous chemicals for in-depth laboratory evaluation has been proposed. Further implementation and refinement of quantitative structure-toxicity relationships in aquatic toxicology and hazard assessment requires the development of a "mode-of-action" database. With such a database, a qualitative structure-activity relationship can be formulated to assign the proper mode of action, and …

Physiological Response Of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) To Acute Fenvalerate Lntoxication, Steven P. Bradbury, James M. Mckim, Joel R. Coats

Steven P. Bradbury

The physiological responses of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to fenvalerate intoxication during aqueous exposure were examined to provide information about the pyrethroid mode of action in fish. Trout (n = 4) were exposed to 412 ± 50 μg/liter fenvalerate and died in 10.9 ± 1.5 hr. Brain, liver, and carcass fenvalerate concentrations associated with mortality were 0.16 ± 0.05, 3.62 ± 0.57, and 0.25 ± 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Visible signs of intoxication included elevated cough rate, tremors, and seizures. Histopathological examination of gill tissue showed damage consistent with irritation. An evaluation of respiratory-cardiovascular and blood chemistry responses indicated an elevated …

Estimating The Value Of Water Quality Improvements In A Recreational Demand Framework, Nancy E. Bockstael, Catherine Kling, W. Michael Hanemann

Catherine Kling

With the advent of Executive Order 12291, policymakers involved in water quality regulation are increasingly interested in assessing the benefits of their programs. Several methods for valuing water quality improvements using recreational demand models have been developed by economists, most of which depend on observing recreationists visiting an array of sites with varying water quality and costs of access. In this paper, three general types of models are described: systems of demands, discrete choice models, and the hedonic travel cost approach; the latter two models are demonstrated using a common data set on water quality and swimming behavior in the …

Transmountain Diversions In Colorado, James S. Lochhead, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Books, Reports, and Studies

25 p. ; 28 cm

Genesis Of Marine Terrace Soils, Barbados, West Indies: Evidence From Mineralogy And Geochemistry, Daniel R. Muhs, Russell C. Crittenden, John N. Rosholt, Charles A. Bush, Kathleen C. Stewart

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Well-developed, clay-rich soils dominated by interstratified kaolinite-smectite are found on the uplifted coral reef terraces on the island of Barbados. The reef limestone is unlikely to have been the soil parent material however, because it is 98 per cent CaCO, and geomorphic evidence argues against the 20 m of reef solution required to produce the soils by this process. The mineralogy of the sand, silt, and clay fractions of the soils, and trace element geochemistry, suggest that aeolian materials carried on the trade winds from Africa, volcanic ash from the island of St. Vincent, and quartz from Tertiary bedrock on …

Sexing Field-Dressed Mallards, Daryl R. Meints, David Oates

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are the most preferred species in the Central Flyway. About 40 percent of all ducks harvested there between 1971 and 1980 were mallards (Carney et al. 1983). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has tried to maintain a spring breeding population of about 9 million mallards, although the estimate for 1985 was 5.5 million birds. In an attempt to alleviate the pressure on this popular species, the point system was raised and the hunting season shortened. The point value for the drake was increased to 35, while the hen went to 100 points. Under conventional …

1987 File Geodatabase Containing Photo Point Locations, Aerial Photos, And Flight Maps, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers Bay Study Group, Pete Reehling, Richard Mckenzie

Data Sets

The Bay Study Group was created by the City of Tampa in 1976 to monitor the effects of pollution abatement that occurred in Hillsborough Bay when the city’s wastewater treatment plant was upgraded from primary to advanced treatment in 1979. The Bay Study Group documented a remarkable restoration of water quality parameters and biological indicators in Hillsborough Bay from the mid 1980s until 2009, when it was disbanded. This zip Geodatabase file contains the photo point locations, aerial photos, and flight maps for the year 1987.

Effect Of Agronomic Practices On Wheat Protein Levels, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

High grain protein levels are preferred for many end-uses of wheat. However, there has been little or no incentive for farmers to use practices which would increase protein levels, because wheat payments are made without a price differential for proteinlevel, except where wheat could qualify for the Australian Hard grade.

Blackbird And Starling Feeding Behavior On Ripening Corn Ears, Glen E. Bernhardt, Lynda Van Allsbur, Richard A. Dolbeer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The behavior of red-winged blackbirds {Agelaius phoemcei/s), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and juvenile European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) feeding on ears of corn was studied in an aviary. The species differed significantly in their propensity to attack (penetrate the husk and feed on kernels) ears of corn. Redwings and starlings were more active attackers than grackles and cowbirds. Female redwings were generally more active attackers than males, but less efficient at opening husks and damaging ears. Redwings and starlings used primarily the gaping technique to penetrate husks and expose kernels. Redwings more commonly penetrated the side of …

The Probe, Issue 69 - January 1987

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
January 1987
NADCA Election
Resuscitation to a Goldfish
The National Pest Control Association
Cliff Swallow Nesting
Pest Control
APHIS-ADC
Letters to Ye Ed

Sorption Of Nonpolar Organics On Minerals And Aquifer Materials, Thomas B. Stauffer

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The sorption of nonpolar organic chemicals on hydrous oxides, clay minerals, and subsurface aquifer materials was studied using the batch isotherm technique. Radiolabeled (&\sp{lcub}14{rcub}&C) trichloroethylene, orthodichlorobenzene, naphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene were sorbed on mineral sorbents, subsurface aquifer materials, and a surface soil at six different equilibrium concentrations over a concentration range from 0.001 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L. A knowledge of the sorption coefficients of these fuel components and solvents is necessary to predict the transport of these chemicals through groundwater systems and ultimately to rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Sorption on oxides and surface soils was found to be pH-dependent with decreased …

Scarcity-Induced Conflict: The Lebanese-Israeli Conflict Over Water, Hussein A. Amery

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis sets out to determine possible links between the depleting water resources in Israel and the country’s hegemony over the water-rich area of south Lebanon. The early Zionist and later Israeli leaders have coveted the Litani river of Lebanon, to which Israel has had access since 1978. Israel’s replenishable water stock is being fully utilized. This fact is the basis of the theoretical motif of the thesis, namely the state conflict induced by resource scarcity. Thus conflict theory is discussed and a model of conflict process is derived.

Also discussed are 1) the reasons for the high water consumption …

The Incorporation Of Environmental Perception Information Into Wilderness Park Safety Planning, Thomas Craig Waldichuk

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The park safety planning process currently in use limits users’ inputs to accident statistics. It would be better to more accurately anticipate accident-prone locations and to take preventative measures. A planning methodology is proposed which integrates the safety perceptions of park users into the decision-making for locating facilities and services: the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) serves as a systematic planning guide for such decision-making and is compatible with park policy and objectives. Applications to Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia, and statistical and cartographic analyses of 273 questionnaires returned from there, indicate that park users’ perceptions can be advantageously incorporated into …

Contaminant Effects On Chesapeake Bay Finfishes, Ronald J. Klauda, Michael E. Bender

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Habitat deterioration is consistent with perceived population declines for several resident and anadromous finfish species in Chesapeake Bay that are subjected to different levels of fishing pressure (e.g., striped bass versus blueback herring). Diminution of habitat quality has natural and anthropogenic roots that are difficult to separate. Recent contaminant effects studies focused on Chesapeake Bay fishes can be grouped as follows: (a) mathematical and statistical modeling studies aimed at elucidating contaminant and stock trend relationships using extant data and theoretical insights, (b) biological and chemical field surveys in selected areas to demonstrate spatio-temporal associations between levels of toxic organic and …

Contaminants In Chesapeake Bay: The Regional Perspective, George R. Helz, Robert J. Huggett

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Industrial and municipal point sources of contaminants are scattered along the shores of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, but reach especially high density at Norfolk, Va., and Baltimore, Md. Sedimentation and various chemical processes in many cases conspire to restrict the water-borne transport of contaminant away from point source . Kepone, residual chlorine, volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, and anthropogenic trace metals are well-studied example of point-source contaminants. For the most part, their concentration in water and sediment drop to nearly immeasurable values within a distance of a few kilometers, or sometimes a few tens of kilometers, from their source .

On …

Abundance Of Virginia Shellfish And Finfish, Herb Austin

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Water temperature, which has been measured from the pier at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) since 1946, has shown a steady upward trend since 1975-1976. This trend has been most dramatic during the fall-winter period, with October and November of 1984 and 1985 being two of the warmest periods in the 30-year record. The fall of 1985 was the warmest in 30 years. Winter (January-March) temperatures have also shown a steady rise since the record cold January-February of 1977-1978.

Ware Creek Reservoir Release Study : Final Contract Report Submitted To James City County, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

In Summer, 1986 a field program was conducted in Ware Creek from its mouth at the York River to the dam at Richardson's Millpond. The data collected was combined with flow data from USGS and a tide record from NOAA and was used to calibrate and verify a one-dimensional, real-time, hydrodynamic and salinity intrusion model. The model has been applied to study the effect of the proposed dam and reservoir on the salinity distribution in Ware Creek.

Evaluation Of Largemouth Bass And Bluegill Stocking Strategies In South Dakota Ponds, David M. Gilbraith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three fish-stocking methods were evaluated to determine the effects of stocking density and chronology on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) survival, growth, and reproductive success during 1983-1985. Two densities of split-stocking largemouth bass with bluegills were compared to the simultaneous introduction of both species. First-year largemouth bass survival was low and variable among treatments. Survival of largemouth bass ranged from 0-85% and averaged 25% among treatments. Bluegill survival, for the first and second years combined, ranged from 0-60% and averaged 22% among two split-stocking treatments. Thirty-six percent of study ponds experienced at least partial winterkill during the …

Effects Of Contaminants On Estuarine Zooplankton, Brian P. Bradley, Morrris H. Roberts Jr.

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The objectives of the chapter are (1) to evaluate laboratory studies concerning effects of heavy metals, pesticides and oxidants on copepods, mysids, bivalve and decapod larvae (2) access field studies (mainly with copepods) on these and other contaminants which when coupled with laboratory data provide information on known and potential hazards of contaminants to zooplankton and (3) briefly review some bioassay methods used in these studies.

Mercury is the most toxic heavy metal by weight, followed by copper, silver and cadmium. Pesticides have been tested much less extensively than heavy metals. In general, bivalve larvae seem less sensitive than the …

Mollusk Culture For The Chesapeake Bay, Michael Castagna

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The water quality of the Chesapeake Bay has suffered a decline over the last 5 decades due to anthropomorphic activities. Insidious additions of industrial and farm pollutant to the Bay have created a situation where in many areas there are periodic sub lethal levels of chemicals. Although the juveniles and adults seem to survive these levels, they are obviously interfering with some early life stage of the living organisms that make up the bay fauna. Species whose early life history takes place out of the Bay (i.e. Cal!inectes sapidus) are less affected by this problem than those species whose eggs, …

Contaminant Effects On Chesapeake Bay Shellfish, Michael E. Bender, Robert J. Huggett

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The paper reviews contaminant effects on Chesapeake Bay shellfish from two avenues (1) adverse biological effects on the organisms and (2) fisheries closures due to bacterial and chemical contamination. The use of shellfish to monitor anthropogenic inputs of chemical contaminants is also discussed. Fisheries closures due to bacterial contamination account for the greatest economic loss due to man's activities. Kepone contamination in the James River, Virginia caused fisheries closures but has not appeared to cause biological damage to the resources. Organotin compounds from antifouling paints appear to pose a threat to Chesapeake Bay shellfish.

Factors Affecting The Distribution And Abundance Of The Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, W. A. Van Engel

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

That environmental conditions in the Chesapeake Bay are optimal for the blue crab population is suggested by the fact that hard crab landings by Virginia and Maryland watermen accounted for almost 48% of the total of East and Gulf coast landings in 1985. Estimates of total mortality from the egg to the adult stage range from 0.999973 to 0.999996. Commercial fishing removes an additional 0.0000031 to 0.0000251, leaving 0.0000024 to 0.000001 as the rates of removal by other sources. Physical and chemical pollutants, predators, and plants and animals symbiotic with the blue crab are part of the environment that must …

Products Tanker Shipping And Shipbuilding, Di Jin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

First the entire products tanker market system, including the petroleum products market, products tanker shipping market and the products tanker shipbuilding market, is introduced. The relationship among principal elements is discussed. General information about petroleum products and products tankers is described. Then, the world petroleum products market and products tanker shipping market are examined referring to 1985 Drewry report. Finally, the analysis of products tanker shipbuilding market is made by analyzing the statistics of the products tankers ordered between 1980 and 1986 according to Fairplay orderbook. Major aspects, such as flag, owner, shipbuilder, vessel tonnage, dimensions, speed and engine, are …

Study Of The Ocean Transportation Of Chemicals, Joseph A. Meyertholen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The growth of the chemical industry over the past 30 years has contributed significantly to the increased volume of hazardous cargo transported by ocean vessel. The properties of some chemicals in commerce, particularly intermediate products, are such that their movement represents a risk to society in terms of environmental damage, bodily injury, and carcinogenic effects that may not surface for years. This study traces the development of the ocean chemical transportation system with emphasis on the technology, management and regulatory regime that has evolved to control these risks. Selected incidents involving hazardous chemical cargoes are reviewed, highlighting the industry and …