Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Observations On The Hydraulic Regime Of The Ridge And Swale Topography Of The Inner Virginia Shelf, Barry W. Holliday

OES Theses and Dissertations

The Virginia inner shelf is dominated by southwest-trending sand ridges. Wavelengths are 2 to 4 km; amplitudes are up to 10 m; crests can be traced for up to 10 cm, Nearshore ridges trend southwest into the shore face and merge with it at depths as shoal as 5 m. The ridges have been examined by bathymetric mapping, grab sampling, coring, seismic profiling, SCUBA diving, and current monitoring. They are hemi-cylindrical sand bodies of recent age, resting on a pre-recent substrate. In troughs a thin, medium- to coarse-gained, pebbly lag veneers the substrate. Crests consist of a better sorted, medium- …

Phytoplankton Composition At Lake Drummond In The Dismal Swamp, Virginia, William Howard Poore Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

A Graphic Analysis Of Current Velocity Salinity Density And Temperature During Periods Of Ebb And Flood In The Entrance To Thimble Shoals Channel, Stanley Hecker

OES Theses and Dissertations

A graphic analysis is presented of the observed patterns of longitudinal current velocity, salinity, density and temperature through a group of tidal cycles in Thimble Shoals Channel. Graphs of the properties indicate that this estuary passes through a sequence of estuarine types during a tidal cycle. In spite of this observation, the net non-tidal profiles of salinity are patterns of a partially mixed estuary.

The most noteworthy observation in this study was that longitudinal velocity was essentially constant throughout the water column at any increment of a tidal cycle as well as in the net non-tidal profile of the water …

Concept Of Adjacency, Kenneth L. Wright Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Adjacency, as used in the Law of the Sea, implies a defined area beyond the territorial sea applying to the superadjacent waters, the seabedand the subsoil. It also implies a relationship to the land. This paper is an examination of adjacency as a concept with particular emphasis placed on the possibilities of establishing the outer limits of an adjacent area. The concept of adjacency is addressed from historical,oceanographic, biological, geological and legal perspectives. An investigation into the State practice of projecting limited jurisdiction from shore into the sea by Britain and America is made to determine a possible genesis concerning …

The Impact On The Navy Of Public Concern With Control Of Pollution Of The Seas By Oil, Robert Augustus Fisher

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is difficult at best to evaluate the biological and chemical damages of oil pollution, but the physical effects are graphically evident in the blackened beaches and coastlines around the world and in the floating "tar-balls" found in mid-ocean. It is this dramatically visible effect that has stirred public concern. Thus, prevention of such damage is high on the list of priorities for both national and international concern. In the face of the ever increasing potential for pollution, President Nixon has pledged that federal agencies will take the lead in pollution abatement programs.

Role Of Transition Metals In Nitrite Decomposition In Soil, J. S. Bajwa

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Iron and copper increased the decomposition of nitrite significantly during the first two hours of reaction when 150 parts per million (ppm) of nitrite and nitrogen was added to an acidic soil. Manganese was found to have a slight effect. There was no additional effect of the added metals after two hours reaction time.

The higher concentration of metals was not effective in catalyzing the decomposition of the added nitrite in nitrogen. All the added nitrite nitrogen was not recovered and the deficit could be due to the formation of nitrogen gas.

The Open Ocean Hydrofoil Ship: Will It Come Of Age?, Stephen W. Mcganka

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Problems encountered during development of the hydrofoil ship have restricted exploitation of its unique characteristics in an open ocean environment. An examination of pertinent physical and technical constraints is undertaken to assess their impact upon the future. The focus of this examination is centered upon the evolution of the fully submerged foil type ship during the past decade with emphasis upon the commitment directed toward its development by the United States Government. The developmental process induced by this commitment is found to be impeded by physical and technical factors, but organizational and traditional constraints are also instrumental in retarding progress. …

The Role Of Compulsory Sealanes In Resolving Multiple-Use Conflict On The Continental Shelf, Alfred P. Manning

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

An analysis of the nature of multiple-use conflict on the continental shelf developed with particular emphasis on the involvement of ocean transportation and offshore oil recovery. The wide-ranging effects which offshore marine accidents may have on coastal residents is discussed. Trends indicate a growth in the level of conflict stemming from competition between those wishing to use the same ocean space for the same purpose, the same ocean space for different purposes, and different but related ocean space for incompatible purposes. Ocean transportation is identified as the single common element in all three conflict categories. Restriction on traditional concepts of …

The United States Navy And An International Seabed Regime (U), Theodore E. Newark

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The paper proposes to briefly outline the Navy's general role as one element of this nation's overall seapower. The expanding sources of conflicting interest in uses of the sea are examined along with the barely visible form which debates are presently giving toward the creation of an international regime for the peaceful exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed and its subsoil, located beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Naval adjustment to the requirements expected to derive from new aspects of the evolving changes to present law of the sea are analyzed and recommendations are drawn in …

Oceanic Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes: Effects And Proposals, Billy M. Ervin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

An investigation of the effects of radioactive waste disposal into the oceans pursued by an examination of the hazards involved, the present sources of radioactive wastes and future prospects. The longevity of many radioactive elements, coupled with the awesome consequences to which even a slight miscalculation may lead, are convincing arguments for the most conservative approach to the problem of disposal of radioactive wastes. Present day disposal of radioactive wastes in the oceans, while significant, have not yet had major discernible effects on man or marine life. However, with the worldwide explosion of electrical power demand and the increasing use …

A Functional Analysis Of The Naval Weather Service System, Charles P. Pfarrer Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Naval Weather Service system by defining its functions; for the available literature does not convey the concept of interacting elements contributing to the operation of the larger whole. This paper concentrates on articulating the contributions of the related actions to the Naval Weather Service system. The aim is for clarity of exposition. The purpose is to get across the big picture. Int introspective format ensues formally from the rational foundations of the conceptual mode of inquiry. This paper addresses the Naval Weather Service system and not the scientific and technological process …

A Conceptual Draft Of A Dynamic Hydro-Biological Model For Lake Mead, L. G. Everett, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Food and energy transformation in an aquatic system must be understood in order to develop a simulation approach. This report provides a comprehensive study of an aquatic ecosystem. The objectives of this report are to show:

(1) the biological relationships in an aquatic system

(2) the role of nutrients in the biological cycle

(3) the role of abiotic factors in a limnetic environment

(4) the status of the art of "Eutrophication modeling".

1971 Field Experimental Results, T. O. Albertsen

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Maintenance P and S for pastures in low rainfall areas

66MO6, 67MO1, 68NO5, 68TS1, 65A1, 65C5, 69WH1,66KA7, 66LG1, 68LG1, 65N5, 67GE2, 67NO5, 66NA3, 66ME3, 66NO9.

Stocking rate and rate of super on Cyprus barrel Medic pasture

66M30.

Continuous cropping with N.P.S.

69NO1, 60NA1, 69ME1,69TS1.

Super rates for wheat

71GE5, 71GE6, 71GE40, 71J22, 71N15

Gypsum rates on rape

71GE31, 71TS24, 71TS25, 71NO22, 71NA22,71NA23, 71KA1, 71KA14, 71BY1, 71BR15, 71AL9.

Rates of phosphorus and sulphur on rape and wheat

71A16

Investigations On The Gray Snapper, Lutjanus Griseus, Walter A. Starck Ii, Robert E. Schroeder

Studies in Tropical Oceanography

No abstract provided.

Trial Results 1971, M L. Poole

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

This report summarizes data for the following trials:

Trial 1. Rape varieties x time of seeding - Mt Barker R.S.

Trial 2. Rape varieties x time of seeding - Gibson

Trial 3. Rape varieties x time of seeding - Badgingarra R.S.

Trial 4. Rape harvesting trial-moisture content - Mt. Barker R.S.

Trial 5. Time of seeding x rates of seeding safflower

Trial 6. Time of seeding x rates of seeding sunflower

Trial 7. Depth control drill trial on rape.

Trial 8. Method of seeding trial on rape.

Trial 9. Sandblast trial - EDRS - Failed.

Trial 10. Rape varieties x …

Recent Sediments Of Humboldt Bay, Eureka, California, Robert Wayne Thompson

Special Collections Archived Publications

Humboldt Bay is a coastal lagoon, 14 mi. long and a maximum of 4 mi. wide. The bay has three distinct segments, South, Entrance, and Arcata Bays, each of which occupies the seaward end of one or more stream valleys cut into Plio- Pleistocene paralic sediments. The segments are linked by narrow tidal channels which are bounded by a barrier spit on the west and by high valley interfluves on the east. Climate of the area is rainy temperate . Tides are of the mixed type with a mean range of 6.5 ft.

Textural variations of the surface sediments in …

Groundwater Flow In A Sandy Tidal Beach 1. One-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis, W. Harrison, C. S. Fang, S. N. Wang

VIMS Articles

A 31-day time series of observations of beach water table and tidal fluctuations was obtained from 13 wells along a profile perpendicular to the shoreline at Virginia Beach, Virginia. Finite element techniques were applied to solve the one-dimensional, unsteady state, nonlinear equation for groundwater movement. For the finite element analysis, the semi-infinite mass (unconfined aquifer) had to be replaced by a finite mass. The boundary conditions were found from the field data by directly solving the flow equation with a finite difference technique. The finite element method, using the variational principle, provided a reasonable solution and afforded economy in computer …

Vertical Distribution Of Estuarine Phytoplankton In The Surface Microlayer And At One Meter, And Fluctuations In Abundance Caused By Surface Adsorption Of Monomolecular Films, Victoria R. Gibson

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A quantitative comparison of the phytoplankton in the surface microlayer of an estuary and that a depth of one meter was made using a Garrett-type screen and a Frautschy bottle for sample collection. Results showed that the surface microlayer contained a significantly greater number of phytoplankton cells than the water at one meter. Species diversity at the surface tended to be somewhat lower than one meter, due to a greater number of individuals of the dominant species. Investigation revealed that the presence of a monomolecular film of slick material absorbed onto the water surface resulted in a decrease in the …

Micronutrients And Biological Patterns In Lake Mead, Hasan K. Qashu, Lorne G. Everett, J. S. Carlson, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Progressive increases in concentration of dissolved solids in the Colorado River water from Lake Powell to Imperial Dam seem to alter plankton dynamics and biological productivity of the river. Also, changes in biological productivity and micronutrients concentrations occur within the same reservoir. Development of a digital simulation model to predict micronutrients concentrations and biological productivity is necessary for diagnosing changes in plankton population and effluent-carrying capacity of the system.

The objectives of the study are: (1) to determine trace metal balance at different locations in Lake Mead, (2) to measure biological productivity and conduct plankton population counts at each sampling …

The Effect Of Las Vegas Wash Effluent Upon The Water Quality In Lake Mead, D. A. Hoffman, P. R. Tramutt, F. C. Heller, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

This study developed from observations made during an earlier study on Lake Mead which was reported in CHE-70, Water Quality Study of Lake Mead. Results from that study indicated that poor-quality water was flowing into the Las Vegas Bay reach of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead. Also reports of deteriorating water quality, resulting in taste and odors in domestic water supplies taken from Boulder Basin as well as a reduction in the attractiveness of Las Vegas Bay for recreational uses caused by aquatic plants and algae blooms, indicated a need for a concentrated study concerning the effects of flows from Las …

Environmental Changes Produced By Cold-Water Outlets From Three Arkansas Reservoirs, Carl E. Hoffman, Raj V. Kilambi

Technical Reports

Water qualities of two natural streams (Buffalo and Kings Rivers), one new coId-tailwater (Beaver), and two old coId-tailwaters (Norfork and Bull Shoals) in northwestern Arkansas were studied from July 1965 through October 1968. The essential difference between the old cold-tailwaters and natural streams is a change in water quality which allows the development of a new productive ecological environment. Features which typify the old tailwaters are as follows: (1) relatively homioithermal temperatures; (2) stream beds scoured by strong hydoelectric power generation currents; (3) abundant phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates; and (4) absence of warm water game fishes. Environmental factors characterizing natural …

Impoundment Effects On Water Quality As Reflected In Parasitism Of Reservoir Basses, David A. Becker

Technical Reports

Our aquatic environments are rapidly becoming useless as natural resources through pollution from various sources. It is therefore necessary for us to further understand the various means which relate to this process. The interrelationships between the physico-chemical and biological water qualities undergo marked changes during the ageing of a reservoir. Eutrophication of these impoundments render them rela-tively useless as natural resources. It thus becomes apparent that we must gain further knowledge of these processes if we are to devise methods for proper reservoir management.

Analysis Of Morone Saxatilis And Morone Americanus Spawning And Nursery Area In The York-Pamunkey River, Virginia, Ronald Gilbert Rinaldo

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Age And Growth Of The Silver Perch (Bairdiella Chrysura), Scott F. Rhodes

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Thermal Shock On Larvae Of The Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Robert J. Diaz

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Larvae of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) were subjected to thermal shocks of varying magnitude at different larval ages. The effects were assessed in terms of mortality, growth, and setting success. Growth of larvae acclimated at 25 C and 20% salinity was not affected by a thermal shock of 10 C or 15 C, but a 20 C thermal shock had detrimental effect on growth. Mortality of oyster larvae increased significantly following thermal chocks of 10, 15, and 20 C, and was higher for older than for younger larvae. Setting rates of the control and 10 C shocked larvae …

The Feeding Of Cornstarch To Clams And Mussels, Kathleen Rapier Harleston

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Three concentrations of cornstarch, 0 . 6 ppm, l.l ppm, 4.0 ppm, were fed to clams and mussels during the spring, summer, and fall of 1970 . Parameters measured were shell length, shell thickness, total weight, wet meat weight, and percentage glycogen based on wet meat weight. Starch had no effect on size parameters but did influence glycogen content of meats . Mussels showed an increase of glycogen in all three seasons . Clams showed an increase only in the fall. This dissertation is from the Joint Program Degree from the College of William & Mary and University of Virginia …

The Virginia Flood Of 1969 : The Effects Of Hurricane Camille In The James River Basin Of Virginia, Donovan Kelly

Reports

No abstract provided.

Hydroids And Hydromedusae Of Southern Chesapeake Bay, Dale Calder

Reports

A survey was made in southern Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries from April 1965 through March 1968 to determine the species of hydrozoans present, their seasonality and reproductive periodicities. This report discusses 43 hydroid and 27 medusa species known from the study area, of which 23 hydroids and 11 medusae have not previously been found in Chesapeake Bay. Clytia paulensis and the hydroid of Moerisia lyonsi have not been reported before in North American waters, and the hydroid of Amphinema dinema is recorded for the first time from the western Atlantic. The present records extend the northern range of one …

The Effects Of Thermal Shock And Chlorine On The Estuarine Copepod Acartia Tonsa, David Michael Dressel

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Acute bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of thermal shock and chlorine exposure on the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa. Laboratory conditions simulated power plant conditions using 8 C elevated temperatures and slug chlorination. A factorial design having temperatures at two levels and multiple chlorine additions, showed isolated effects of temperature and chlorine and their interaction. Adult Acartia tonsa withstood thermal shocks of 8 C above ambient summer temperatures of 20 to 25 C. No adverse effects were noted after 96 hours following an 8 ⃤ T over 5 seconds, holding at the elevated temperature for 5 minutes, and slowly …

Age, Growth, And Mortality Of The White Perch, Morone Americana (Gmelin), In The James And York Rivers, Virginia, Richard Alan St. Pierre

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

More than 750 white perch, Morone americana, were collected from each of two major tributaries of southern Chesapeake Bay to compare the age structures, growth rates, and mortality rates of the two populations.The James River is characterized by heavy domestic and industrial pollution, whereas the York River is only slightly polluted. Maximum ages determined by scale analysis were 7 and 10 years for males and females respectively in each river. Males and females from the James River were larger than those from the York up to ages IV and V, respectively. Older fish were larger in the York . Females …