Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Crosssections, Summer 2023, University Of Northern Iowa. Department Of Physics.

CrossSections

Contents:

A Message from the Department Head --- 1
Department Happenings --- 2
Faculty Profile: Andrew Stollenwerk --- 7
Student Profile: Lukas Stuelke --- 8
Student Focus: Jenna Heinen --- 11
Physics Education --- 13
Alumni Profile: Sam Prophet --- 14
Alumni News: Shawn Poellet --- 15
New Physics: Quantum Mechanics Must Be Complex --- 17

A Statistical Framework For Automating Resonance Detection: Modelling Pion Proton Collision Activity, Shahnaz Abdul Hameed

2023 REYES Proceedings

In this paper, we analyze π− − p elastic collision data from the Particle Data Group (PDG), by creating a general framework to study resonance activity: automating peak detection, extrapolating, parametrizing thresholds, filtering resonances and further comparing and extracting characteristics, to identify Delta (Δ) baryons. We then analyse experimental Energy vs Phase-Shift (δ) data for the collision π+ +π− → π− +π+, model the T matrix from a curve fitted polynomial representation of the K⁻¹ matrix, simulate its Riemann sheets and analyse it to identify the characteristics of ρ⁰(770) meson, as well as estimate their uncertainties. …

Analyzing The On Source Window Of Supernova Sn2019ejj With A Multi Layered Signal Enhancement Algorithm With Coherent Waveburst And A Convolutional Neural Network, Michael Gale Benjamin

Theses and Dissertations

Core collapse supernovae (CCSN) are highly anticipated sources of gravitational waves during the fourth observation run (O4). CCSN signals are weak and unmodeled and the rate of occurrence in our galaxy is very low. Because of this, they provide a greater challenge to detect than previously detected GW sources. CCSN simulations are used to test the detection pipeline in the event a CCSN is detected. CCSN GW signals are often indistinguishable from the noise sources present in GW data. We present a multi layered signal enhancement pipeline which we have applied Machine Learning (ML) techniques. We have used a Convolutional …

Freestanding Graphene Heat Engine Analyzed Using Stochastic Thermodynamics, J. Durbin, J. M. Mangum, M. N. Gikunda, F. Harerimana, P. Kumar, L. L. Bonilla, P. M. Thibado

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present an Ito-Langevin model for freestanding graphene connected to an electrical circuit. The graphene is treated as a Brownian particle in a double-well potential and is adjacent to a fixed electrode to form a variable capacitor. The capacitor is connected in series with a battery and a load resistor. The capacitor and resistor are given separate thermal reservoirs. We have solved the coupled Ito-Langevin equations for a broad range of temperature differences between the two reservoirs. Using ensemble averages, we report the rate of change in energy, heat, and work using stochastic thermodynamics. When the resistor is held at …

Yield Extraction For The Γd → Λ X Reaction, K H P Nishadi Hasarangi Silva

Theses and Dissertations

Improving and adding new experimental measurements of hyperon-nucleon (YN) and hyperon-deuteron (Yd) cross sections is an active area in nuclear physics research. Scientists use such cross-section data to understand the composition of neutron stars and develop a comprehensive picture of the baryon-baryon interaction. Using high luminosity photon beam incident on a long liquid deuterium target and the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), a sample of hyperon-deuteron elastic scattering events was previously identified. The E06-103 (g13) experiment was originally designed to address the scarcity of experimental data on hyperon photoproduction off the neutron …

Measurement Of The Total Cross-Section Of Muon Neutrino Charged-Current Coherent Pion Production In Nova Near Detector, Kuruppumullage Don Chatura Dilshan Kuruppu

Theses and Dissertations

Charged Current (CC) coherent neutrino-nucleus pion production is characterized by small momentum transferred to the nucleus, which is left in its ground state. Despite the relatively large uncertainties on the production cross-section, coherent production of mesons by neutrinos represents an important process, as it can shed light on the structure of the weak current and can also constitute a potential source of background for modern neutrino oscillation experiments and searches for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics. This Ph.D. thesis presents a new measurement of CC coherent pion production in the NOvA near detector at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). …

Computational Model Of Twisted Elastic Ribbons, Madelyn Leembruggen, Jovana Andrejevic, Arshad Kudrolli, Chris H. Rycroft

Physics

We develop an irregular lattice mass-spring model to simulate and study the deformation modes of a thin elastic ribbon as a function of applied end-to-end twist and tension. Our simulations reproduce all reported experimentally observed modes, including transitions from helicoids to longitudinal wrinkles, creased helicoids and loops with self-contact, and transverse wrinkles to accordion self-folds. Our simulations also show that the twist angles at which the primary longitudinal and transverse wrinkles appear are well described by various analyses of the Föppl-von Kármán equations, but the characteristic wavelength of the longitudinal wrinkles has a more complex relationship to applied tension than …

Density-Mediated Spin Correlations Drive Edge-To-Bulk Flow Transition In Active Chiral Matter, Alexander P. Petroff, Christopher Whittington, Arshad Kudrolli

Physics

We demonstrate that edge currents develop in active chiral matter due to boundary shielding over a wide range of densities corresponding to a gas, fluid, and crystal. The system is composed of spinning disk-shaped grains with chirally arranged tilted legs confined in a circular vibrating chamber. The edge currents are shown to increasingly drive circulating bulk flows with area fraction as percolating clusters develop due to increasing spin-coupling between neighbors mediated by frictional contacts. Edge currents are observed even in the dilute limit. While, at low area fraction, the average flux vanishes except within a distance that is of the …

Size Effect On The Optical Response Of Cylindrical Palladium Nanoparticles, Salem Marhaba, Mohammed Khalaf

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

In this work, a computational study is carried out to investigate the optical response of palladium nano-cylinders. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed using the COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS simulation program to calculate the scattering, absorption, and extinction cross-sections. The influence of the size of the cylindrical nanoparticles on their optical properties is discussed. The results are plotted for a broad spectral range of wavelengths from ultra-violet to infra-red of the incident electromagnetic wave on the cylindrical nanoparticles.

Adaptive Plasmonic Metasurfaces For Radiative Cooling And Passive Thermoregulation, Azadeh Didari-Bader, Nooshin M. Estakhri, Nasim Mohammadi Estrakhri

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

In this work, we investigate a class of planar photonic structures operating as passive thermoregulators. The radiative cooling process is adjusted through the incorporation of a phase change material (Vanadium Dioxide, VO₂) in conjunction with a layer of transparent conductive oxide (Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide, AZO). VO₂ is known to undergo a phase transition from the “dielectric” phase to the “plasmonic” or “metallic” phase at a critical temperature close to 68°C. In addition, AZO shows plasmonic properties at the long-wave infrared spectrum, which, combined with VO₂, provides a rich platform to achieve low reflections across the …

Climate Of A Cave Laboratory Representative For Rock Art Caves In The Vézère Area (South-West France), Delphine Lacanette, Léna Bassel, Fabien Salmon, Jean-Christophe Portais, Bruno Bousquet, Rémy Chapoulie, Faten Ammari, Philippe Malaurent, Catherine Ferrier

International Journal of Speleology

Leye Cave (Dordogne, France) is a laboratory cave in the Vézère area, a region that contains some of the most famous rock art caves in the world such as Lascaux, Font-de-Gaume and Combarelles, and is listed as Human World Heritage by UNESCO. Leye Cave was selected because it is representative of painted caves, with respect to parameters such as its geological stage, the presence of water and carbon dioxide, the geological state of its walls, and the size of the cave. These wall states are studied to better understand the conditions of conservation of rock art caves without damaging them. …

Fractional Charge Concept Opened Gates For New Ideas On Composition Of Matter, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

Before the concept of quarks with fractional electric charges was introduced, the electron charge magnitude e was considered as the smallest amount of charge in nature so the charge of any object could be only an integer number of ± e. Then it was suggested that the proton and neutrons are composed of quarks with the fractional charges, combined in such a way that the total charge of a proton occurred to be that same known charge +e, and the charge of a neutron was zero. We suggest expanding that fruitful concept of fractional charges to build structural models of …

New Reaction Of Neutron-Proton Conversion, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

Using our models of composite particles as consisting just of two types of elementary basic charges, +e/3 and -e/3, we suggest that in any nuclear reaction the total numbers of basic charges of each of the two types are conserved. That means that in any nuclear reaction, the basic elementary charges present in the reactants can join in different combinations to form the products of the reaction. This is like a balanced chemical equation where the number of atoms of each element is conserved. We apply this suggested principle of conservation of basic elementary charges in any nuclear reaction to …

Adaptive Quantum Information Processing In Non-Equilibrium Environments, Arshag Danageozian

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Solid state and condensed matter systems, such as diamond impurities, superconductors, quantum dots, and ion traps, constitute important physical platforms for various applications in quantum information processing (QIP). However, it has consistently been shown that all such modern platforms suffer from non-equilibrium behavior on timescales that are relevant for many important QIP tasks. The causes range from intrinsic non-equilibrium dynamics (e.g. in diamond) to the presence of various impurities with their own internal dynamics (e.g. in superconductors and quantum dots) or variations in the control fields used to stabilize the quantum matter (e.g. in ion traps). When reserving degrees of …

Intrinsic Point Defects (Vacancies And Antisites) In Cdgep2 Crystals, Timothy D. Gustafson, Nancy C. Giles, Peter G. Schunemann, Kevin T. Zawilski, Kent L. Averett, Jonathan E. Slagle, Larry E. Halliburton

Faculty Publications

Cadmium germanium diphosphide (CdGeP₂) crystals, with versatile terahertz-generating properties, belong to the chalcopyrite family of nonlinear optical materials. Other widely investigated members of this family are ZnGeP₂ and CdSiP₂. The room-temperature absorption edge of CdGeP₂ is near 1.72 eV (720 nm). Cadmium vacancies, phosphorous vacancies, and germanium-on-cadmium antisites are present in as-grown CdGeP₂ crystals. These unintentional intrinsic point defects are best studied below room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption. Prior to exposure to light, the defects are in charge states that have no unpaired spins. Illuminating a CdGeP_{2 …}

Dataset Of Optical And Electronic Properties For Mos Browzine Journal Cover 2-Graphene Vertical Heterostructures And Mos2-Graphene-Au Heterointerfaces, Sanju Gupta, Panagiota Pimenidou, Miguel Garcia, Shivanshi Das, Nicholas Dimakis

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The computational and experimental data presented in this paper refer to the research article "First-Principles Calculations Integrated with Experimental Optical and Electronic Properties for MoS2-graphene Heterostructures and MoS2-graphene-Au Heterointerfaces". The computational data includes structural information, electronic and optical properties, and data to calculate the work functions for various molybdenum disulfide and graphene heterostructures and their heterointerfaces with gold. The optical properties calculations include the frequency-dependent dielectric function, the refractive index, the reflectivity, the extinction coefficient, and the energy loss function. These properties were calculated using the independent particle approximation (IPA). As for the experimental optoelectronic properties, we measured photoluminescence spectra …

Application Of Photoacoustic Imaging For Pneumonia Detection, Caesarany Maqfiroh, Rini Widyaningrum, Ahmad Mujtahid Anas, Mitrayana Mitrayana

Makara Journal of Science

We used photoacoustic imaging (PAI) to visualize and compare acoustic intensity levels in pneumonia-affected and healthy chicken lungs. After histological confirmation of pneumonia, the samples were scanned and subjected to a 532-nm diode laser in a photoacoustic imaging system. The acoustic intensity level of pneumonia-affected tissue was examined and compared with that of healthy lung samples. The optimum laser frequency and duty cycle for imaging the samples were 17 kHz and 30%, respectively. The acoustic intensity levels of pneumonia-affected tissue and healthy lungs were −82.5 ± 1.8 dB and −79.9 ± 1.3 dB, respectively. We found that a simple PAI …

Measurements Of Jet Multiplicity And Jet Transverse Momentum In Multijet Events In Proton–Proton Collisions At √S = 13tev, A. Tumasyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Multijet events at large transverse momentum (p_T) are measured at √ s = 13 TeV using data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 fb⁻¹. The multiplicity of jets with p_T > 50 GeV that are produced in association with a high-p_T dijet system is measured in various ranges of the p_T of the jet with the highest transverse momentum and as a function of the azimuthal angle difference Δφ1,2 between the two highest p_T jets in the dijet system. The differential production …

Cauchy-Type Integral Method For Solving The Linearized One-Dimensional Vlasov-Poisson Equation, Frank M. Lee, Bradley A. Shadwick

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We present a method for solving the linearized Vlasov-Poisson equation, based on analyticity properties of the equilibrium and initial condition through Cauchy-type integrals, that produces algebraic expressions for the distribution and field, i.e., the solution is expressed without integrals. Standard extant approaches involve deformations of the Bromwich contour that give erroneous results for certain physically reasonable configurations or eigenfunction expansions that are misleading as to the temporal structure of the solution. Our method is more transparent, lacks these defects, and predicts previously unrecognized behavior.

Comment On “Search For Explanation Of The Neutron Lifetime Anomaly”, F. E. Wietfeldt, R. Biswas, J. Caylor, Bret E. Crawford, M. S. Dewey, N. Fomin, G. L. Greene, C. C. Haddock, S. F. Hoogerheide, H. P. Mumm, J. S. Nico, W. M. Snow, J. Zuchegno

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We respond to issues raised by Serebrov et al. in a recent paper regarding systematic effects in the beam neutron lifetime experiment performed at NIST. We show that these effects were considered in the original analyses and that our corrections and systematic uncertainties were appropriate. We point out some misunderstandings in the analysis of Serebrov et al. None of the issues raised lead us to alter the value of the neutron lifetime reported.

Effect Of Ag2o Nanosheets Thickness On The Performance Of Al/Geo2/Ag2o/Geo2/C Multifunctional Electronic Devices, Atef Fayez Qasrawi Prof. Dr., Hazem Kh Khanfar Prof. Dr.

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

Herein, stacked layers of germanium oxide comprising silver oxide nanosheets are used to fabricate multifunctional electronic devices. The performance of these devices is enhanced by altering the thickness of Ag2O nanosheets. The effect of

Ag2O nanosheets on the electronic performance of stacked layers of GeO2 is reported. The three stacked layers (GeO2/Ag2O/GeO2; named GAG) which are coated onto Al substrates under a vacuum pressure of 10-5 mbar are subjected to measurements by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, X-ray fluorescence, impedance spectroscopy, capacitance –voltage and current-voltage characteristics techniques. The impedance spectroscopy analysis indicates that altering the thickness of the Ag2O layer in …

Influence Of Substitutions On The Structure, Ionic Conductivity, And Phase Transitions In The System Of Na3fe2(1-X)Sc2x(Po4)3 (0≤X≤0.06) Solid Solutions, A.S. Nogai, A.A. Nogai, E.A. Nogai, A.A. Bush, D.E. Uskenbaev

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The article presents data on the study of the effect of substitutions of M-cations in the system of Na₃Fe_2(1-x)Sc_2x(PO₄)₃ solid solutions (in the concentration range 0≤x≤0.06) on the crystal structure, ionic conductivity, and also on the temperature of phase transitions T_a→b, T_b→g. It is shown that samples of Na₃Fe_2(1-x)Sc_2x(PO₄)₃ (0≤x≤0.06) solid solutions are monoclinically distorted, and the structure parameters increase linearly with increasing dopant concentration. Moreover, in the studied samples of solid solutions, an increase in the conductivity …

Non-Destructive Structural Studies Of Ceramic Fragments Of Ancient Tribes Of Kazakhstan, A.Zh. Zhomartova, B.A. Bakirov, S.E. Kichanov, R.S. Zhumatayev, A.T. Toleubayev, S. Shakenov, D.P. Kozlenko

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The phase composition of several fragments of the ancient ceramic of the early medieval settlement of Asusay and burial ground Eleke Sazy in the modern Republic of Kazakhstan has been studied using neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The quartz, calcite, and feldspar minerals are dominant phases in the studied ceramic fragments. The fractions of those phases were obtained. The spatial arrangement of inner components inside volumes of fragments was determined using neutron tomography. The pores in the ceramic fragments were segmented, and the porosity for each sample was obtained. The phase composition and internal pores are discussed within the framework …

Research On Ferroelectric-Piezoelectric Properties And Relaxor Phase Transition Characteristics Of Pslzt-Bmt Ceramics, N.V. Thinh, L.D. Vuong, D.V. On, T.V. Chuong, L.V. Truong Son, T.N. Dat, L.V. Thanh Son, V.T. Tung

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

(1-x)[(Pb_0.94Sr_0.05La_0.01)(Zr_0.54Ti_0.46)_0.9975O₃]-x[Bi(Mn _1/2 Ti_1/2 )O₃] ceramics with x in the range of 0–0.05 mol were successfully synthesized following the conventional solid-phase route. The materials were thoroughly investigated to study their structural phase, microstructure, ferro-piezoelectric characteristics, and dielectric behavior. The addition of BMT to PSLZT contributed to the transition of the tetragonal phase to the rhombohedral phase and an increase in the mechanical quality coefficient Qm of the material. The value of the electromechanical coupling coefficient k_p =0.66, the value of k_t=0.53, …

Electron-Hole Trapping Centers In Alkali Metal Sulfates With Dy3+ Impurities, T.N. Nurakhmetov, T.T. Alibay, R.Z. Bakhtizin, S. Pazylbek, A.Zh. Kainarbay, A.M. Zhunusbekov, B.M. Sadykova, D.A. Tolekov, R.K. Shamieva, A.S. Nurpeissov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The Na₂SO₄ − Dy samples were obtained by slow evaporation method. The spectroscopic methods were used to study the mechanisms of formation of electron and hole trapping centers. Intrinsic recombination emission of 2.9–3.1 eV and impurity emission of 2.55 eV and 2.15 eV are excited at 4.0–4.5 eV. Intrinsic SO³⁻₄− SO⁻₄ and impurity Dy²⁺−SO⁻₄ trapping centers were revealed. The local levels corresponding between the electron and hole trapping center are 4.0–4.5 eV.

Influence Of Surfactants On The Formation And Growth Of Cadmium Telluride Nanoplatelets, A.S. Akhmetova, A.K. Ospanova, B.N. Yussupbekova, T.T. Alibay

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The article presents a comprehensive review of the current research on the use of surfactants in CdTe nanoplatelet synthesis, including a discussion of the various types of surfactants that have been used and their effects on nanoplatelet size, shape, and optical properties. Additionally, the article examines the mechanisms by which surfactants influence the growth and morphology of CdTe nanoplatelets, with a focus on the role of surfactant, size, and structure. Overall, this article provides a detailed analysis of the use of surfactants in the synthesis of CdTe nanoplatelets and highlights the potential for this approach to improve the performance of …

Search For Nonresonant Higgs Boson Pair Production In The Four Leptons Plus Twob Jets Final State In Proton-Proton Collisions At √S = 13 Tev, A. Tumasyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The first search for nonresonant production of Higgs boson pairs (HH) with one H decaying into four leptons and the other into a pair of b quarks is presented, using proton-proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. A 95% confidence level upper limit of 32.4 is set on the signal strength modifier μ, defined as the ratio of the observed HH production rate in the HH ⟶ ZZ*b[] ⟶ 4ℓb[] decay channel to the standard model (SM) …

Search For Nonresonant Higgs Boson Pair Production In The Four Leptons Plus Twob Jets Final State In Proton-Proton Collisions At √S = 13 Tev, Armen R. Tumasyan, Cma Collaboration

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The first search for nonresonant production of Higgs boson pairs (HH) with one H decaying into four leptons and the other into a pair of b quarks is presented, using proton-proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. A 95% confidence level upper limit of 32.4 is set on the signal strength modifier μ, defined as the ratio of the observed HH production rate in the HH ⟶ ZZ*bb[bar] ⟶ 4ℓb[bar] decay channel to the standard model (SM) …

Single-Mode Quasi Pt-Symmetric Laser With High Power Emission, Enes Şeker, Babak Olyaeefar, Khalil Dadashi, Serdar Şengül, Mohammad Hosain Teimourpour, Ramy El-Ganainy, Abdullah Demir

Michigan Tech Publications

Large-area lasers are practical for generating high output powers. However, this often comes at the expense of lower beam quality due to the introduction of higher-order modes. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a new type of electrically pumped, large-area edge-emitting lasers that exhibit a high power emission (∼ 0.4 W) and a high-quality beam (M ∼ 1.25). These favorable operational characteristics are enabled by establishing a quasi PT-symmetry between the second-order mode of a large area two-mode laser cavity and that of a single-mode auxiliary partner cavity, i.e., by implementing a partial isospectrality between the two coupled cavities. This in turn …

Consistency Of Effective Field Theory Analyses Of The Boss Power Spectrum, T. Simon, P. Zhang, V. Poulin, Tristan L. Smith

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We assess the robustness of Λ cold dark matter (Λ CDM) results from the full-shape analysis of BOSS power spectrum using the one-loop prediction of the effective field theory of large-scale structure (EFTofLSS). In former EFT analyses, the two public likelihoods pybird and class-pt lead to results in agreement only at the 1σ level, which may appear unsatisfactory given that they are derived from the same BOSS dataset and the same theory model. To identify the origin of the difference, we perform a thorough comparison of the various analyses choices made between the two pipelines. We find that most …