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Articles 6121 - 6150 of 10319
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Optical And Magnetic Properties Of (Er, F) Co-Doped Sno_2 Nanocrystals, Vinod Kumar, Sitharaman Uma, Rajamani Nagarajan
Optical And Magnetic Properties Of (Er, F) Co-Doped Sno_2 Nanocrystals, Vinod Kumar, Sitharaman Uma, Rajamani Nagarajan
Turkish Journal of Physics
Uniformly (Er, F) co-doped SnO_2 nanocrystals, obtained by a low-temperature solution-based method, were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques. The structure, morphology, and ratio of the elements were confirmed by PXRD, SEM, and TEM analysis, respectively. From XPS analysis, atomic concentrations of Sn, O, and F were quantified. Interparticle pore size increased significantly (with a mean pore diameter of 25.82 nm) in the co-doped sample. Higher in-plane oxygen vacancies and bands due to multiphonon scattering were observed in the Raman spectrum of the sample. The defect traps in the sample were experimentally determined using TL spectroscopy. A broad intense …
Processing Of Germanium For Integrated Circuits, Ray Duffy, Maryam Shayesteh, Ran Yu
Processing Of Germanium For Integrated Circuits, Ray Duffy, Maryam Shayesteh, Ran Yu
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this review paper the authors will focus on Ge processing for integrated circuits. The key areas that require the most attention are substrates and integration, gate dielectrics, and access resistance. We will discuss each of these topics in turn, while also reviewing the most scaled Ge field-effect-transistor devices, and consider how modelling activities have matured for Ge in recent years.
Device Architectures In Organic Photovoltaics, James T. Mcleskey Jr
Device Architectures In Organic Photovoltaics, James T. Mcleskey Jr
Turkish Journal of Physics
The various device structures used in organic polymer solar cells are reviewed. The operating principles behind these devices are explained in order to provide the reasoning behind the different structures. The incorporation of nanostructures into both bilayer and bulk heterojunction devices to improve exciton separation, charge transport, and light absorption is discussed. Novel ideas such as electrospun fibers and supramolecules are also covered. Finally, the impact of these structures on overall efficiency is evaluated.
Nh-Acidities And Hammett Correlation Of 3-Para Substituted Phenyl-1,2,4-Oxadiazol-5(4h)-Ones And 1,2 \Lambda^43,5-Oxathiadiazole 2-Oxides In Nonaqueous Media, Nedi̇me Dürüst, Yaşar Dürüst, Emi̇ne Özge Gözlükaya
Nh-Acidities And Hammett Correlation Of 3-Para Substituted Phenyl-1,2,4-Oxadiazol-5(4h)-Ones And 1,2 \Lambda^43,5-Oxathiadiazole 2-Oxides In Nonaqueous Media, Nedi̇me Dürüst, Yaşar Dürüst, Emi̇ne Özge Gözlükaya
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
NH acidities of some 3-(p-substitutedphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones and 4-(p-substitutedphenyl)-1,2 \lambda^43,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides were determined in methanol by means of potentiometric titration with sodium methoxide. pK_a values of the title compounds calculated from the potentiometric data were interpreted on the basis of structural effects caused by para-substituted groups on the phenyl ring by plotting pK_a values versus Hammett \sigma_p^+ constants, which gave excellent linear correlations.
Semi-Cotangent Bundle And Problems Of Lifts, Furkan Yildirim, Arif Salimov
Semi-Cotangent Bundle And Problems Of Lifts, Furkan Yildirim, Arif Salimov
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Using the fiber bundle M over a manifold B, we define a semi-cotangent (pull-back) bundle t^{\ast}B, which has a degenerate symplectic structure. We consider lifting problem of projectable geometric objects on M to the semi-cotangent bundle. Relations between lifted objects and a degenerate symplectic structure are also presented.
On Generalized Robertson--Walker Spacetimes Satisfying Some Curvature Condition, Kadri̇ Arslan, Ryszard Deszcz, Ridvan Ezentaş, Marian Hotlos, Cengi̇zhan Murathan
On Generalized Robertson--Walker Spacetimes Satisfying Some Curvature Condition, Kadri̇ Arslan, Ryszard Deszcz, Ridvan Ezentaş, Marian Hotlos, Cengi̇zhan Murathan
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for warped product manifolds (M,g), of dimension \geqslant 4, with 1-dimensional base, and in particular, for generalized Robertson--Walker spacetimes, to satisfy some generalized Einstein metric condition. Namely, the difference tensor R . C - C . R, formed from the curvature tensor R and the Weyl conformal curvature tensor C, is expressed by the Tachibana tensor Q(S,R) formed from the Ricci tensor S and R. We also construct suitable examples of such manifolds. They are quasi-Einstein, i.e. at every point of M rank (S - \alpha g) \leqslant 1, for some \alpha \in R, …
Some Rings For Which The Cosingular Submodule Of Every Module Is A Direct Summand, Derya Keski̇n Tütüncü, Ni̇l Orhan Ertaş, Patrick F. Smith, Rachid Tribak
Some Rings For Which The Cosingular Submodule Of Every Module Is A Direct Summand, Derya Keski̇n Tütüncü, Ni̇l Orhan Ertaş, Patrick F. Smith, Rachid Tribak
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The submodule \overline{Z}(M) = \cap {N M/N is small in its injective hull} was introduced by Talebi and Vanaja in 2002. A ring R is said to have property (P) if \overline{Z}(M) is a direct summand of M for every R-module M. It is shown that a commutative perfect ring R has (P) if and only if R is semisimple. An example is given to show that this characterization is not true for noncommutative rings. We prove that if R is a commutative ring such that the class {M \in Mod-R \overline{Z}_{R}(M) = 0} is closed under factor modules, then …
Half-Lightlike Submanifolds With Planar Normal Sections In R_2^4, Feyza Esra Erdoğan, Rifat Güneş, Bayram Şahi̇n
Half-Lightlike Submanifolds With Planar Normal Sections In R_2^4, Feyza Esra Erdoğan, Rifat Güneş, Bayram Şahi̇n
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We investigate half-lightlike submanifolds with planar normal sections of 4-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a half-lightlike submanifold of R_2^4 such that it has degenerate or nondegenerate planar normal sections.
\Xi^{\Perp}-Submanifolds Of Para-Sasakian Manifolds, Selcen Yüksel Perktaş, Mukut Mani Tripathi, Erol Kiliç, Sadik Keleş
\Xi^{\Perp}-Submanifolds Of Para-Sasakian Manifolds, Selcen Yüksel Perktaş, Mukut Mani Tripathi, Erol Kiliç, Sadik Keleş
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Almost semiinvariant \xi^{\perp}-submanifolds of an almost paracontact metric manifold are defined and studied. Some characterizations of almost semiinvariant \xi^{\perp}-submanifolds and semiinvariant \xi^{\perp}-submanifolds are presented. A para-CR-structure is defined and it is proven that an almost semiinvariant \xi^{\perp}-submanifold of a normal almost paracontact metric (and hence para-Sasakian) manifold with the proper invariant distribution always possesses a para-\textit{CR}-structure. A counter example is also given. Integrability conditions for certain natural distributions arising on almost semiinvariant \xi^{\perp} -submanifolds are obtained. Finally, certain parallel operators on submanifolds are investigated.
On The Continued Fraction Expansion Of Some Hyperquadratic Functions, Khalil Ayadi, Fatma Taktak
On The Continued Fraction Expansion Of Some Hyperquadratic Functions, Khalil Ayadi, Fatma Taktak
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper, we consider continued fraction expansions for algebraic power series over a finite field. Especially, we are interested in studying the continued fraction expansion of a particular subset of algebraic power series over a finite field, called hyperquadratic. This subset contains irrational elements \alpha satisfying an equation \alpha = f(\alpha^r), where r is a power of the characteristic of the base field and f is a linear fractional transformation with polynomials coefficients. The continued fraction expansion for these elements can sometimes be given fully explicitly. We will show this expansion for hyperquadratic power series satisfying certain types of …
Monomial Ideals Of Linear Type, Monica La Barbiera, Paola Lea Stagliano'
Monomial Ideals Of Linear Type, Monica La Barbiera, Paola Lea Stagliano'
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let S=K[x_1,…,x_n;y_1,…,y_m] be the polynomial ring in 2 sets of variables over a field K. We investigate some classes of monomial ideals of S in order to classify ideals of the linear type.
Two-Weighted Norm Inequality On Weighted Morrey Spaces, Xiaofeng Ye, Tengfei Wang
Two-Weighted Norm Inequality On Weighted Morrey Spaces, Xiaofeng Ye, Tengfei Wang
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let u and \omega be weight functions. We shall introduce the weighted Morrey spaces L^{p,\kappa} (\omega) and investigate the sufficient condition and necessary condition about the 2-weighted boundedness of the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator.
On Density Theorems For Rings Of Krull Type With Zero Divisors, Başak Ay Saylam
On Density Theorems For Rings Of Krull Type With Zero Divisors, Başak Ay Saylam
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let R be a commutative ring and I(R) denote the multiplicative group of all invertible fractional ideals of R, ordered by A \leqslant B if and only if B \subseteq A. If R is a Marot ring of Krull type, then R_{(P_i)}, where {P_i}_{i \in I} are a collection of prime regular ideals of R, is a valuation ring and R = \bigcap R_{(P_i)}. We denote by G_i the value group of the valuation associated with R_{(P_i)}. We prove that there is an order homomorphism from I(R) into the cardinal direct sum \coprod_{i \in I} G_i and we investigate the …
Degenerate Hopf Bifurcations, Hidden Attractors, And Control In The Extended Sprott E System With Only One Stable Equilibrium, Zhouchao Wei, Irene Moroz, Anping Liu
Degenerate Hopf Bifurcations, Hidden Attractors, And Control In The Extended Sprott E System With Only One Stable Equilibrium, Zhouchao Wei, Irene Moroz, Anping Liu
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper, we introduce an extended Sprott E system by a general quadratic control scheme with 3 arbitrary parameters for the new system. The resulting system can exhibit codimension-one Hopf bifurcations as parameters vary. The control strategy used can be applied to create degenerate Hopf bifurcations at desired locations with preferred stability. A complex chaotic attractor with only one stable equilibrium is derived in the sense of having a positive largest Lyapunov exponent. The chaotic attractor with only one stable equilibrium can be generated via a period-doubling bifurcation. To further suppress chaos in the extended Sprott E system coexisting …
Seiberg--Witten-Like Equations On 5-Dimensional Contact Metric Manifolds, Nedi̇m Deği̇rmenci̇, Şenay Bulut
Seiberg--Witten-Like Equations On 5-Dimensional Contact Metric Manifolds, Nedi̇m Deği̇rmenci̇, Şenay Bulut
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper, we write Seiberg--Witten-like equations on contact metric manifolds of dimension 5. Since any contact metric manifold has a Spin^c-structure, we use the generalized Tanaka--Webster connection on a Spin^c spinor bundle of a contact metric manifold to define the Dirac-type operators and write the Dirac equation. The self-duality of 2-forms needed for the curvature equation is defined by using the contact structure. These equations admit a nontrivial solution on 5-dimensional strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds whose contact distribution has a negative constant scalar curvature.
On 4-Dimensional Almost Para-Complex Pure-Walker Manifolds, Murat İşcan, Hi̇lmi̇ Sarsilmaz, Si̇bel Turanli
On 4-Dimensional Almost Para-Complex Pure-Walker Manifolds, Murat İşcan, Hi̇lmi̇ Sarsilmaz, Si̇bel Turanli
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
This paper is concerned with almost para-complex structures on Walker 4-manifolds. For these structures, we study some problems of Kähler manifolds. We also give an example of a flat almost para-complex manifold, which consists of a nonintegrable almost para-complex structure on Walker 4-manifolds.
Hd-Mr: A New Algorithm For Number Recognition In Electrical Meters, Miguel Rodriguez, Geovanni Berdugo, Daladier Jabba, Maria Calle, Miguel Jimeno
Hd-Mr: A New Algorithm For Number Recognition In Electrical Meters, Miguel Rodriguez, Geovanni Berdugo, Daladier Jabba, Maria Calle, Miguel Jimeno
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Utility companies in developing countries employ analog electrical meters to determine consumption and bill their customers accordingly. Obtaining an accurate reading is an expensive and time-consuming process. High consumption levels of water, energy, or gas are fined by the government; thus, it is necessary to develop tools that allow users to be informed about their consumption in real time. This paper proposes a new number recognition algorithm named the Hausdorff distance for meter reading (HD-MR). Experiments prove that HD-MR can achieve a 99.9% recognition rate, even when recognized numbers are under rotation. The maximum recognition time is 31 ms; hence, …
A Learning Method To Evaluate A Generation Company's Bidding Strategy In The Electricity Market, Shengjie Yang, Jiangang Yao
A Learning Method To Evaluate A Generation Company's Bidding Strategy In The Electricity Market, Shengjie Yang, Jiangang Yao
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In the electricity market, generation companies (GenCos) are usually faced with the problem of choosing a better bidding strategy. They often have to evaluate each possible strategy according to its potential reward. In a competitive market environment, the electricity price is stochastic and volatile, and the GenCo's mixed strategies also make the problem more complicated. In this paper, we model the market price with a Markov regime-switching model and propose the temporal difference learning method in the Markov decision process to approximate the expected reward over an infinite horizon. The simulations based on this method have achieved the evaluation of …
Inverse Covariance Principal Component Analysis For Power System Stability Studies, Abdullah Alodienat, Tauseef Gulrez
Inverse Covariance Principal Component Analysis For Power System Stability Studies, Abdullah Alodienat, Tauseef Gulrez
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The dominant poles (eigenvalues) of system matrices are used extensively in determining the power system stability analysis. The challenge is to find an accurate and efficient way of computing these dominant poles, especially for large power systems. Here we present a novel way for finding the system stability based on inverse covariance principal component analysis (ICPCA) to compute the eigenvalues of large system matrices. The efficacy of the proposed method is shown by numerical calculations over realistic power system data and we also prove the possibility of using ICPCA to determine the eigenvalues closest to any damping ratio and repeated …
A Novel Sms Application With Gsm Control On Numerator Systems, Ali̇ Sarikaş, Zi̇ya Ekşi̇, Cüneyt Yücelbaş, Ali̇ Buldu
A Novel Sms Application With Gsm Control On Numerator Systems, Ali̇ Sarikaş, Zi̇ya Ekşi̇, Cüneyt Yücelbaş, Ali̇ Buldu
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Numerator systems are widely used in various fields, sorting, and structures to ensure regular functioning. They are used today in places such as banks and hospitals to minimize the time spent waiting in a queue, and various studies have been undertaken to achieve efficiency in the workplace. At the beginning of these studies, numerator systems, which have been integrated into the short message service (SMS) application, have been used efficiently. With this application, to supply the required information to the user in the fastest way, a numerator system is developed by utilizing radio frequency communications and the SMS message structure. …
Rfid And Communication Technologies For An Intelligent Bus Monitoring And Management System, Mahammad Abdul Hannan, Aishah Mustapha, Abdulla Al Mamun, Aini Hussain, Hassan Basri
Rfid And Communication Technologies For An Intelligent Bus Monitoring And Management System, Mahammad Abdul Hannan, Aishah Mustapha, Abdulla Al Mamun, Aini Hussain, Hassan Basri
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper highlights the implementation of an intelligent bus monitoring system based on current challenges and problems. In this system, radio frequency identification and integrated sensing technologies, such as a global positioning system, general packet radio service, and geographic information system, are used to monitor the movement of a bus. A new theoretical framework and ruled-based decision algorithms are developed for the system. An experimental setup is developed for the prototype implementation. The results show that the choice of integrated technologies used in the system is suitable to monitor and manage a vehicle transportation system.
A Methodology For Memristance Calculation, Reşat Mutlu, Ertuğrul Karakulak
A Methodology For Memristance Calculation, Reşat Mutlu, Ertuğrul Karakulak
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
A memristor is a newly found fundamental circuit element whose behavior can be predicted using either the charge-dependent function called memristance or the flux-dependent function called memductance. Therefore, it is important to find the memristance or memductance function of a memristor. To the best of our knowledge, there is no methodology describing how to obtain the memristance function or memristor characteristic in the literature for this purpose as of yet. In this work, a methodology is suggested to find the memristance or memductance functions. The methodology suggests first doing several experiments with a memristor using a square-wave signal to acquire …
Analysis Of A Rule-Based Curriculum Plan Optimization System With Spearman Rank Correlation, Di̇dem Abi̇di̇n, Hafi̇ze Şen Çakir
Analysis Of A Rule-Based Curriculum Plan Optimization System With Spearman Rank Correlation, Di̇dem Abi̇di̇n, Hafi̇ze Şen Çakir
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In corporations, accurate planning should be applied to manage the in-service training task within an optimum time period and without hindering the working tempo of the employees. For this reason, it is better to consider the curriculum planning task as a timetabling problem. However, when the timetables are prepared manually, it may turn out to be a complicated and time-consuming problem. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the results of software introduced previously, which seeks to find a solution to the curriculum planning problem of in-service training programs in corporations using a rule-based genetic algorithm (GA). The input …
Concurrently Attuned Design Of A Wadc-Based Upfc Psdc And Multiinput Pss For Improving Power System Dynamic Performance, Yashar Hashemi, Rasool Kazemzadeh, Mohammad Reza Azizian, Ahmad Sadeghi Yazdankhah
Concurrently Attuned Design Of A Wadc-Based Upfc Psdc And Multiinput Pss For Improving Power System Dynamic Performance, Yashar Hashemi, Rasool Kazemzadeh, Mohammad Reza Azizian, Ahmad Sadeghi Yazdankhah
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
A new controller design for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) for damping of power system swings, focusing on interarea modes, is described in this paper. The proposed controller is a dual-layer controller, where the first layer is derived from local signals and the second layer is supplied by global signals, as additional measuring information from suitable remote network locations, where swings are well observable. For damping of low-frequency swing in wide-area operation, since there is little system information in the active power as input of the conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS), the effectiveness of the CPSS is low. For …
Design And Implementation Of A Programmable High-Voltage Impulse Measurement System, Serkan Dedeoğlu, Serhat Yilmaz
Design And Implementation Of A Programmable High-Voltage Impulse Measurement System, Serkan Dedeoğlu, Serhat Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
High-voltage impulses (HVIs) are produced under laboratory conditions in order to emulate actual internal (switching) and external (lightning, thunderbolt) voltages. HVI resistance tests are essential to meet national and international standards on the production of electromechanical devices and materials, such as switchgears, and transformers that operate under these actual conditions. Accurate measurement of HVI is excessively difficult since the voltage level is so high, while the time parameters are relatively constricted. In this study, a reliable automatic HVI measuring and recording system, which accommodates a series of hardware and software designs in order to satisfy the constraints of the standards, …
Design Of A Double-Stator Linear Switched Reluctance Motor For Shunting Railway Channels, El Manaa Barhoumi, Mansour Hajji, Boujemaa Ben Salah
Design Of A Double-Stator Linear Switched Reluctance Motor For Shunting Railway Channels, El Manaa Barhoumi, Mansour Hajji, Boujemaa Ben Salah
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper presents the design and modeling of a double-stator linear switched reluctance motor for motorizing a railway channels' shunting system. The magnetic behavior of this actuator is nonlinear due to the saturation and nonlinear magnetization curves of the materials used in this actuator. For this reason, the electromagnetic quantities such as force, flux linkage, and inductance are calculated with the finite element method using the Maxwell tool. The obtained results are presented and discussed. In order to elaborate some control strategies, a new model for the proposed actuator, based on the flux and force characteristics, is validated by the …
Observer-Based Controller For Current Mode Control Of An Interleaved Boost Converter, Shenbaga Lakshmi, Sree Renga Raja
Observer-Based Controller For Current Mode Control Of An Interleaved Boost Converter, Shenbaga Lakshmi, Sree Renga Raja
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
A state feedback control method for an interleaved boost power converter is designed, which, in turn, can achieve interleaved current sharing among parallel-connected converters. The state feedback control in the continuous time domain is derived using the pole placement technique and linear quadratic optimal method. The load estimator is designed by deriving a full-order state observer to ensure the robustness and optimality of the state feedback control and an observer-based controller (control law plus full-order state observer) is designed using the separation principle. The adopted control strategies achieve effective output voltage regulation, good dynamic stability, and reject disturbances. Extensive simulation …
Luenberger Observer-Based Sensor Fault Detection: Online Application To Dc Motor, Alkan Alkaya, İlyas Eker
Luenberger Observer-Based Sensor Fault Detection: Online Application To Dc Motor, Alkan Alkaya, İlyas Eker
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) are very important for engineering systems in industrial applications. One of the most popular approaches is model-based fault detection. Recently, many techniques have been proposed in the FDD area. However, there are still very few reported applications or real-time implementations of the schemes. This paper presents online sensor FDD based on the model-based approach using a Luenberger observer and experimental application on a permanent magnet DC motor. Different kinds of faults are simulated on the motor and experiments are performed to detect the faults. The experimental results demonstrate that this approach could significantly detect the …
A Convergent Algorithm For A Cascade Network Of Multiplexed Dual Output Discrete Perceptrons For Linearly Nonseparable Classification, İbrahi̇m Genç, Cüneyt Güzeli̇ş
A Convergent Algorithm For A Cascade Network Of Multiplexed Dual Output Discrete Perceptrons For Linearly Nonseparable Classification, İbrahi̇m Genç, Cüneyt Güzeli̇ş
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this paper a new discrete perceptron model is introduced. The model forms a cascade structure and it is capable of realizing an arbitrary classification task designed by a constructive learning algorithm. The main idea is to copy a discrete perceptron neuron's output to have a complementary dual output for the neuron, and then to select, by using a multiplexer, the true output, which might be 0 or 1 depending on the given input. Hence, the problem of realization of the desired output is transformed into the realization of the selector signal of the multiplexer. In the next step, the …
Early Wakeup: Improving The Drowsy Cache Performance, Sunghoon Shim, Sungwoo Chung, Hongjun Choi, Cheol Hong Kim
Early Wakeup: Improving The Drowsy Cache Performance, Sunghoon Shim, Sungwoo Chung, Hongjun Choi, Cheol Hong Kim
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
As process technology scales down, leakage power consumption becomes comparable to dynamic power consumption. The drowsy cache technique is known as one of the most popular techniques for reducing the leakage power consumption in the data cache. However, the drowsy cache is reported to degrade the processor performance significantly. In this paper, to maintain the performance of the processor with the drowsy cache technique, we propose an early wakeup technique, which predicts the next cache line to be requested by utilizing the way-prediction information. The proposed technique efficiently reduces the number of accesses to the cache lines in drowsy mode. …