Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Multiscale Approach To High-Resolution Ocean Profile Observations Within A 4dvar Analysis System, Matthew J. Carrier, John J. Osborne, Hans E. Ngodock, Scott R. Smith, Innocent Souopgui, Joseph M. D'Addezio

Faculty Publications

Most ocean data assimilation systems are tuned to process and assimilate observations to constrain features on the order of the mesoscale and larger. Typically this involves removal of observations or computing averaged observations. This procedure, while necessary, eliminates many observations from the analysis step and can reduce the overall effectiveness of a particular observing platform. Simply including these observations is not an option as doing so can produce an overdetermined, ill-conditioned problem that is more difficult to solve. An approach, presented here, aims to avoid such issues while at the same time increasing the number of observations within the assimilation. …

Diagonalization Of 1-D Differential Operators With Piecewise Constant Coefficients Using The Uncertainty Principle, Sarah D. Long, Somayyeh Sheikholeslami, James V. Lambers, Carley Walker

Faculty Publications

A highly accurate and efficient numerical method is presented for computing the solution of a 1-D time-dependent partial differential equation in which the spatial differential operator features a piecewise constant coefficient defined on n" role="presentation"> pieces, in either self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint form, on a finite interval with periodic boundary conditions. The Uncertainty Principle is used to estimate the eigenvalues of the operator. Then, these estimates are used to construct a basis of eigenfunctions for use with a spectral method. The solution is presented as a truncated eigenfunction expansion, where each eigenfunction is a wave function that changes frequencies at the …

Functional Polymers Through Mechanochemistry, Stephen Schrettl, Diedrik W.R. Balkenende, Céline Calvino, Marc Karman, Ana Lavrenova, Laura N. Neumann, Yoshimitsu Sagara, Ester Verde-Sesto, Michela Di Giannantonio, Yoan C. Simon, Katharina M. Fromm, Marco Lattuada, Christoph Weder

Faculty Publications

While coupling mechanical and chemical processes is widespread in living organisms, the idea to harness the mechanically induced dissociation of weak covalent and non-covalent bonds to create artificial materials that respond to mechanical stimulation has only recently gained attention. Here we summarize our activities that mainly revolve around the exploitation of non-covalent interactions in (supramolecular) polymeric materials with the goal to translate mechanical stresses into useful, pre-defined events. Focusing on mechano- chromic polymers that alter their optical absorption or fluorescence properties, several new operating principles, mechanosensitive entities, and materials systems were developed. Such materials are expected to be useful for …

Applications Of Information Theory In Solar And Space Physics, Jay R. Johnson, Simon Wing

Faculty Publications

Characterizing and modeling processes at the sun and space plasma in our solar system are difficult because the underlying physics is often complex, nonlinear, and not well understood. The drivers of a system are often nonlinearly correlated with one another, which makes it a challenge to understand the relative effects caused by each driver. However, entropy-based information theory can be a valuable tool that can be used to determine the information flow among various parameters, causalities, untangle the drivers, and provide observational constraints that can help guide the development of the theories and physics-based models. We review two examples of …

Extra-Mitochondrial Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1) Is Dispensable For Protection Against Oxidative Stress But Mediates Peroxide Signaling In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Claudia Montllor-Albalate, Alyson E. Colin, Bindu Chandrasekharan, Naimah Bolaji, Joshua L. Andersen, Franklin W. Outten, Amit R. Reddi

Faculty Publications

Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1) is a highly conserved and abundant metalloenzyme that catalyzes thedisproportionation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. As a consequence, Sod1serves dual roles in oxidative stress protection and redox signaling by both scavenging cytotoxic superoxideradicals and producing hydrogen peroxide that can be used to oxidize and regulate the activity of downstreamtargets. However, the relative contributions of Sod1 to protection against oxidative stress and redox signaling arepoorly understood. Using the model unicellular eukaryote, Baker's yeast, we found that only a small fraction ofthe total Sod1 pool is required for protection against superoxide toxicity and that …

Sensitivity Analysis Of Computations Of The Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Of Methane + Methanol Or Glycols At Gas Hydrate Formation Conditions, Christopher E. Ozigagu, Anthony J. Duben

Faculty Publications

The Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK-EOS) and Peng-Robinson (PR-EOS) equations of state are used often to describe the behavior of pure substances and mixtures despite difficulties in handling substances, like water, with high polarity and hydrogen bonding. They were employed in studying the binary vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) of methane + methanol, monoethylene glycol (MEG), and triethylene glycol (TEG). These liquids are used to inhibit the formation of gas hydrates. The investigation focused on the conditions at which methane-water clathrates can form 283.89 K to 323.56 K and 5.01 MPa to 18.48 MPa. The pressure of methane in methanol is overestimated by a factor …

Restoration Of Soil Microbial Function Following Degradation On Department Of Defense Lands: Mediating Biological Invasions In A Global Change Context, Kristina Stinson, Serita D. Frey

Faculty Publications

This project was designed to better understand the roles of soil biota in 1 mediating native species-NIS interactions and 2 facilitating the recovery of degraded ecosystems. The associated Research Needs were listed as follows 1. To quantify the functional diversity of soil biota and the role of key taxa in maintaining desired functional ecosystem attributes 2. To identify processes by which desired soil properties and associated soil biotic communities are degraded by NIS invasion and test potential mechanisms to restore them 3. To examine the role of disturbance in determining the functional attributes of the soil community 4. To test …

Immobilization Adjusted Clock Reaction In The Urea-Urease-H+ Reaction System, John A. Pojman

Faculty Publications

The bell-shaped reactivity-pH curve is the fundamental reason that the temporal programmable kinetic switch in clock reactions can be obtained in bio-competitive enzymatic reactions. In this work, urease was loaded on small resin particles through ionic binding. Experimental results reveal that the immobilization not only increased the stability of the enzyme and the reproducibility of the clock reaction, but also shifted the bell-shaped activity curve to lower pHs. The latter change enables the clock reaction to occur from an initial pH of 2.3, where the free enzyme had already lost its activity. Two mechanisms explain the influence of the immobilization …

Short Communication: The Topographic Analysis Kit (Tak) For Topotoolbox, Adam M. Fortes

Faculty Publications

Quantitative analysis of digital topographic data is an increasingly important part of many studies in the geosciences. Initially, performing these analyses was a niche endeavor, requiring detailed domain knowledge and programming skills, but increasingly broad, flexible, open-source code bases have been developed to increasingly democratize topographic analysis. However, many of these analyses still require specific computing environments and/or moderate levels of knowledge of both the relevant programming language and the correct way to take these fundamental building blocks and conduct an efficient and effective topographic analysis. To partially address this, we have written the Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK), which leverages …

A Variable Nonlinear Splitting Algorithm For Reaction Diffusion Systems With Self- And Cross-Diffusion, Matthew Beauregard, Joshua L. Padgett

Faculty Publications

Self- and cross-diffusion are important nonlinear spatial derivative terms that are included into biological models of predator-prey interactions. Self-diffusion models overcrowding effects, while cross-diffusion incorporates the response of one species in light of the concentration of another. In this paper, a novel nonlinear operator splitting method is presented that directly incorporates both self- and cross-diffusion into a computational efficient design. The numerical analysis guarantees the accuracy and demonstrates appropriate criteria for stability. Numerical experiments display its efficiency and accuracy

Enso-Induced Co-Variability Of Salinity, Plantkton Biomass And Coastal Currents In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Fabian A. Gomez, Sang-Ki Lee, Frank J. Hernandez Jr., Luciano M. Chiaverano, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Yanyun Liu, John T. Lamkin

Faculty Publications

The northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is a region strongly influenced by river discharges of freshwater and nutrients, which promote a highly productive coastal ecosystem that host commercially valuable marine species. A variety of climate and weather processes could potentially influence the river discharges into the northern GoM. However, their impacts on the coastal ecosystem remain poorly described. By using a regional ocean-biogeochemical model, complemented with satellite and in situ observations, here we show that El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a main driver of the interannual variability in salinity and plankton biomass during winter and spring. Composite analysis …

Β-Decay Half-Lives Of Neutron-Rich Nuclides In The A = 100 – 110 Mass Region, A. C. Dombos, A. Spyrou, F. Naqvi, S. J. Quinn, S. N. Liddick, A. Algora, T. Baumann, J. Brett, B. P. Crider, P. A. Deyoung, T. Ginter, J. Gombas, E. Kwan, S. Lyons, W.-J. Ong, A. Palmisano, J. Pereira, C. J. Prokop, D. P. Scriven, A. Simon, M. K. Smith, C. S. Sumithrarachchi

Faculty Publications

β-decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclides in the A = 100–110 mass region have been measured using an implantation station installed inside of the Summing NaI(Tl) (SuN) detector at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Accurate half-lives for these nuclides are important for nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure, and nuclear technology. The half-lives from the present work are compared with previous measurements, showing overall good agreement.

The Microbiome Stress Project: Toward A Global Meta-Analysis Of Environmental Stressors And Their Effects On Microbial Communities, Jennifer D. Rocca, Marie Simonin, Joanna R. Blaszczak, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Sean M. Gibbons, Firas S. Midani, Alex D. Washburne

Faculty Publications

Microbial community structure is highly sensitive to natural (e.g., drought, temperature, fire) and anthropogenic (e.g., heavy metal exposure, land-use change) stressors. However, despite an immense amount of data generated, systematic, cross-environment analyses of microbiome responses to multiple disturbances are lacking. Here, we present the Microbiome Stress Project, an open-access database of environmental and host-associated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing studies collected to facilitate cross-study analyses of microbiome responses to stressors. This database will comprise published and unpublished datasets re-processed from the raw sequences into exact sequence variants using our standardized computational pipeline. Our database will provide insight into general response patterns …

Role Of The Atchafalaya River Basin In Regulating Export Fluxes Of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Nutrients, And Trace Elements To The Louisiana Shelf, Dongjoo Joung, Laodong Guo, Alan M. Shiller

Faculty Publications

The abundance and fluxes of selected dissolved trace elements (TE), nutrients, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were quantified in the Atchafalaya River Basin to better understand its influence on the chemical regime of the Louisiana Shelf, a region where bottom water hypoxia occurs annually during late spring to early fall. Water samples were collected from throughout the entire Atchafalaya River Basin including from the Mississippi and Red Rivers as well as basin swamp waters during April and November 2010, and June 2011, which represent “typical” high and low, and “unusual” high river discharges, respectively. Within the total dissolved (< 0.45 µm) pool, most of the TEs were mainly partitioned to the < 0.02 µm dissolved phase with the exception of Cr, Cs, Fe, Pb and Zn which were dominantly in the colloidal (0.02-0.45 µm) phase. In the Atchafalaya River, seasonal concentration variations in nutrients, DOC and most TEs were similar to those in the Mississippi River, reflecting a major contribution of water from the Mississippi River. Contributions of the Red River to the Atchafalaya River’s DOC and nutrients were estimated to be 1-35%, similar to previous estimates for this system. The Red River contribution to the fluxes of Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Mn, Pb, Rb, and Zn was generally disproportionally high (>20%), …

A Perfect Tool For Comprehensive Evaluation Of Myocardial Perfusion And Function: Stress Pet Imaging, Guang-Uei Hung, Weihua Zhou, Ji Chen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Results From The Cuore Experiment, Alessio Caminata, Douglass Adams, Chris Aldunio, Krystal Alfonso, Frank Avignone Iii, Oscar Azzolini, Giacomo Bari, Fabio Bellini, Giovanni Benato, Andrea Bersani, Matteo Biassoni, Antonio Branca, Chiara Brofferio, Carlo Bucci, Alice Campani, Lucia Canonica, Xi-Guang Cao, Silvia Capelli, Luigi Cappelli, Laura Cardani, Paolo Carniti, Nicola Casali, Davide Chiesa, Nicholas Chott, Massimiliano Clemenza, Simone Copello, Carlo Cosmelli, Oliviero Cremonesi, Richard Creswick, Jeremy Cushman, Antonio D’Addabbo, Damiano D'Aguanno, Ioan Dafinei, Christopher Davis, Stefano Dell’Oro, Milena Deninno, Sergio Di Domizio, Valentina Dompè, Alexey Drobizhev, De-Qing Fang, Guido Fantini, Marco Faverzani, Elena Ferri, Fernando Ferroni, Ettore Fiorini, Massimo Alberto Franceschi, Stuart Freedman, Brian Fujikawa, Andrea Giachero, Luca Gironi, Andrea Giuliani, Paolo Gorla, Claudio Gotti, Thomas Gutierrez, Ke Han, Karsten Heeger, Roger Huang, Huan Zhong Huang, Joe Johnston, Giorgio Keppel, Yury Kolomensky, Alexander Leder, Carlo Ligi, Yu-Gang Ma, Laura Marini, Maria Martinez, Reina Maruyama, Yuan Mei, Niccolo Moggi, Silvio Morganti, Tommaso Napolitano, Massimiliano Nastasi, Claudia Nones, Eric Norman, Valentina Novati, Angelo Nucciotti, Irene Nutini, Thomas O’Donnell, Jonathan Ouellet, Carmine Pagliarone, Marco Pallavicini, Luca Pattavina, Maura Pavan, Gianluigi Pessina, Valerio Pettinacci, Cristian Pira, Stefano Pirro, Stefano Pozzi, Ezio Previtali, Andrei Puiu, Carl Rosenfeld, Claudia Rusconi, Michinari Sakai, Samuele Sangiorgio, Benjamin Schmidt, Nick Scielzo, Vivek Singh, Monica Sisti, Danielle Speller, Luca Taffarello, Francesco Terranova, Claudia Tomei, Marco Vignati, Sachinthya Wagaarachchi, Barbara Wang, Bradford Welliver, Jeffrey Wilson, Kevin Wilson, Lindley Winslow, Tom Wise, Luigi Zanotti, Sergio Zimmermann, Stefano Zucchelli

Faculty Publications

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first bolometric experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay that has been able to reach the 1-ton scale. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals arranged in a cylindrical compact structure of 19 towers, each of them made of 52 crystals. The construction of the experiment was completed in August 2016 and the data taking started in spring 2017 after a period of commissioning and tests. In this work we present the neutrinoless double beta decay results of CUORE from examining a total TeO2 exposure of 86.3kgyr …

Results From The Cuore Experiment †, Alessio Caminata, Douglas Adams, Chris Alduino, Krystal Alfonso, Frank Avignone Iii, Oscar Azzolini, Giacomo Bari, Fabio Bellini, Giovanni Benato, Andrea Bersani, Matteo Biassoni, Antonio Branca, Chiara Brofferio, Carlo Bucci, Alice Campani, Lucia Canonica, Xi-Guang Cao, Silvia Capelli, Luigi Cappelli, Laura Cardani, Paolo Carniti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first bolometric experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay that has been able to reach the 1-ton scale. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO₂ crystals arranged in a cylindrical compact structure of 19 towers, each of them made of 52 crystals. The construction of the experiment was completed in August 2016 and the data taking started in spring 2017 after a period of commissioning and tests. In this work we present the neutrinoless double beta decay results of CUORE from examining a total TeO₂ exposure …

Betting & Hierarchy In Paleontology, Leonard Finkelman

Faculty Publications

In his Rock, Bone, and Ruin: An Optimist’s Guide to the Historical Sciences, Adrian Currie argues that historical scientists should be optimistic about success in reconstructing the past on the basis of future research. This optimism follows in part from examples of success in paleontology. I argue that paleontologists’ success in these cases is underwritten by the hierarchical nature of biological information: extinct organisms have extant analogues at various levels of taxonomic, ecological, and physiological hierarchies, and paleontologists are adept at exploiting analogies within one informational hierarchy to infer information in another. On this account, fossils serve the role …

Crossed Tracks: Mesolimulus, Archaeopteryx, And The Nature Of Fossils, Leonard Finkelman

Faculty Publications

Organisms leave a variety of traces in the fossil record. Among these traces, vertebrate and invertebrate paleontologists conventionally recognize a distinction between the remains of an organism’s phenotype (body fossils) and the remains of an organism’s life activities (trace fossils). The same convention recognizes body fossils as biological structures and trace fossils as geological objects. This convention explains some curious practices in the classification, as with the distinction between taxa for trace fossils and for tracemakers. I consider the distinction between “parallel taxonomies,” or parataxonomies, which privileges some kinds of fossil taxa as “natural” and others as “artificial.” The motivations …

Effects Of Shoal Margin Collapses On The Morphodynamics Of A Sandy Estuary, M. R. Hiatt

Faculty Publications

Shoal margin collapses of several million cubic meters have occurred in the Western Scheldt estuary, the Netherlands, on average five times a year over the last decades. While these collapses involve significant volumes of material, their effect on the channel-shoal morphology is unknown. We hypothesize that collapses dynamicize the channel-shoal interactions, which could impact the ecological functioning, flood safety, and navigation in the estuary. The objective is to investigate how locations, probability, type, and volume of shoal margin collapse affect the channel-shoal dynamics. We implemented an empirically validated parameterization for shoal margin collapses and tested its effect on simulated estuary …

Fluorescence-Based Ratiometric Nanosensor For Selective Imaging Of Cancer Cells, Isiah M. Warner, Kelsey E. Mcneel, Noureen Siraj, Nimisha Bhattarai

Faculty Publications

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a nanosensor developed from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). This sensor is composed of three ionic species, namely, fluorescein, rhodamine B, and tetradecyltrihexyl phosphonium (P-66614) ions. Nanoparticles prepared from this three-component GUMBOS, termed nanoGUMBOS, exhibited increased fluorescence at two wavelengths with increases in pH values. The ratio of fluorescence emission corresponding to FL and RhB components of these nanoGUMBOS also changed with pH, allowing ratiometric analysis of pH through fluorescence measurements. Peak ratios were significantly different at pH 5 and pH 7, indicating potential applications of this …

Synthesis And Investigation Of Phthalocyanine-Biotin Conjugates, M. Graca H. Vicente, Elizabeth A. Okoth, Zehua Zhou, Benson Ongarora

Faculty Publications

An isothiocyanato-functionalized phthalocyanine (Pc) was synthesized in good yield from the corresponding amine-substituted Pc. This Pc reacted with ethanolamine, biotin hydrazine, and biotin diethylamine under mild conditions (room temperature in DMF or DMSO in the presence of TEA) to produce the corresponding thiourea products in 60-75% yields. All Pcs showed intense Q absorptions in DMF around 677 nm, emissions centered at 683 nm, and fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.18-0.27. The Pcs were phototoxic to human carcinoma HEp2 cells (IC50 similar to 7 at 1.5 J/cm(2)) and localized in multiple organelles, including the lysosomes, Golgi and ER. One biotin-Pc …

Effectiveness Of Plant Species For Removing Atmospheric Ammonia, Marife B. Anunciado, Sheryll B. Jerez, Hans Williams, Joey Bray, Dean W. Coble, Rena Saito

Faculty Publications

Six plant species of Yaupon, Eastern red cedar, American holly, Arizona cypress, Arborvitae and Roughleaf dogwood were utilized to determine their effectiveness in the removal of atmospheric ammonia. All species were exposed to three ammonia levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm) in an environmental chamber. Foliar ammonia content was quantified using an enzymatic technique. The effects of exposure to ammonia on the physiological responses (e.g. photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) of plants in ambient condition were also determined using an open design photosynthetic gas exchange system. Foliar ammonia content was significantly different among the six plant species (p<0.0001) with Eastern red cedar exhibiting the highest content. The physiological responses differed significantly depending on the plant species and the ammonia treatment level. The photosynthetic response of plants to the presence of ammonia was mixed. At low exposure level, all species except Arborvitae had decreased photosynthetic activity, reducing by as much as 44.5% for Yaupon. At the highest concentration, however, Yaupon’s photosynthetic activity improved by about 10%. Exposure to ammonia caused increased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate on American holly and Arizona cypress, making them more susceptible to water loss.

Case–Control Research Study Of Auto-Brewery Syndrome, Barbara Jean Cordell, Anup Kanodia, Gregory K. Miller

Faculty Publications

Background: Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS), also known as Gut Fermentation Syndrome and Endogenous Ethanol Fermentation, is afflicting people worldwide, but little is known about ABS patients’ demographics, health history, lifestyle factors, and diet.

Method: We conducted a broad-based case–control survey study on 52 patients known to have a diagnosis of ABS and their household members. The research compares the symptomatic group (N ¼ 28) to the asymptomatic group (N ¼ 18) regarding lifestyle and health, diet, and medical history.

Results: With a response rate of 88% and using rank-sum tests, the data demonstrate that patients with ABS have …

Recovering A Random Variable From Conditional Expectations Using Reconstruction Algorithms For The Gauss Radon Transform, Jeremy Becnel, Daniel Riser-Espinoza

Faculty Publications

The Radon transform maps a function on n-dimensional Euclidean space onto its integral over a hyperplane. The fields of modern computerized tomography and medical imaging are fundamentally based on the Radon transform and the computer implementation of the inversion, or reconstruction, techniques of the Radon transform. In this work we use the Radon transform with a Gaussian measure to recover random variables from their conditional expectations. We derive reconstruction algorithms for random variables of unbounded support from samples of conditional expectations and discuss the error inherent in each algorithm.

A Limiting Process To Invert The Gauss-Radon Transform, Jeremy Becnel

Faculty Publications

In this work we extend the finite dimensional Radon transform [23] to the Gaussian measure. We develop an inversion formula for this GaussRadon transform by way of Fourier inversion formula. We then proceed to extend these results to the infinite dimensional setting.

A Student Led Investigation Of The Landscape Dynamics Of Campus Recycling, Brandon Mcbride, Cheryl L. Scott, David L. Kulhavy, I-Kuai Hung, Daniel Unger

Faculty Publications

Two senior undergraduate students within the environmental science division at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) quantitatively diagnosed the environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic dynamics involved in plastic recycling. This study incorporated actively collecting recycled plastic bottles on campus to produce an enumerated analysis of recycling on campus; and to gain an understanding of the socioeconomics of recycling via an anonymous survey used to determine the recycling knowledgebase of natural resource students at SFASU. Undergraduate students, via their incorporation into a campus wide environmental site assessment of recycling plastic bottles, were able to apply their classroom knowledge to a real-world environmental …

Move It Or Lose It: Interspecific Variation In Risk Response Of Pond-Breeding Anurans, Philip Matich, Christopher M. Schalk

Faculty Publications

Changes in behavior are often the proximate response of animals to human disturbance, with variability in tolerance levels leading some species to exhibit striking shifts in life history, fitness, and/or survival. Thus, elucidating the effects of disturbance on animal behavior, and how this varies among taxonomically similar species with inherently different behaviors and life histories is of value for management and conservation. We evaluated the risk response of three anuran species—southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus), Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris blanchardi), and green tree frog (Hyla cinerea)—to determine how differences in microhabitat use (arboreal vs …

Correlates Of Snake Entanglement In Erosion Control Blankets, Sarah E. Ebert, Kasey L. Jobe, Christopher M. Schalk, Daniel Saenz, Cory K. Adams, Christopher E. Comer

Faculty Publications

In road construction projects across the United States, erosion control methods (e.g., erosion control blankets [ECBs]), are mandated to stimulate seedbed regeneration and prevent soil loss. Previous reports have suggested that snakes are vulnerable to entanglement in ECBs. We conducted a literature review, field surveys, and an entanglement experiment to examine what factors increase a snake’s risk of ECB entanglement. Our literature review produced reports of 175 reptiles entangled in mesh products, 89.1% of which were snakes, with 43.6% of snake entanglements occurring in erosion control products. During our field surveys, we found 10 entangled snakes (n = 2 alive; …

Cyber Security Awareness Among College Students, Abbas Moallem

Faculty Publications

This study reports the early results of a study aimed to investigate student awareness and attitudes toward cyber security and the resulting risks in the most advanced technology environment: the Silicon Valley in California, USA. The composition of students in Silicon Valley is very ethnically diverse. The objective was to see how much the students in such a tech-savvy environment are aware of cyber-attacks and how they protect themselves against them. The early statistical analysis suggested that college students, despite their belief that they are observed when using the Internet and that their data is not secure even on university …