Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Construction Of A Lithium Vapor Oven For Electron Capture And Multiple Ionization Experiments, Oliver Woitke

Masters Theses

A Li vapor oven, to be used as a source of Li target atoms in electron capture and multiple ionization experiments, was designed and installed in the beamline of the Van de Graaff accelerator at Western Michigan University. The oven was tested using two different projectile beams, protons and He+. The test results indicate that Li evaporated from the oven in the form of a cloud rather than as a jet spray. For He+ colliding with Li it was found that the projectile single-electron loss yield is about three orders of magnitude larger than the single-electron capture yield, as expected …

Charge Conservation In The Incommensurate-Commensurate Transition Of Charge Density Waves, Jörg Kastrup

Masters Theses

W ith the complex continuation method, introduced by Gupta and Sutherland (1976), the grand partition function for the sine-Gordon model of charge density waves may be calculated without violation of charge conservation. Contrary to previous works by Okwamoto, Takayama and Shiba (1979) and Turkevich and Doniach (1982) the chemical potential becomes temperature dependent. By direct comparison of numerical results with those of the above mentioned authors it is shown that the incommensurate-commensurate transition does not occur in the previously predicted temperature range.

A Study Of The Transfer Matrix Method For The Classical Statistical Mechanics Of One Dimensional Systems, Dietmar R.A. Johlen

Masters Theses

Two formalisms using the transfer matrix technique, the first one by Gupta and Sutherland (1976) and the second one by Guyer and Miller (1979), are investigated and a proof is given for their equivalence.

Furthermore, it is pointed out that previous studies neglected the difficulties that arise from nonhermitian pseudo Hamiltonian. This work proves that the same results are obtained by taking into account the nonhermiticity of the pseudo Hamiltonian.

Thus, the transfer integral technique is extended to nonhermitian pseudo Hamiltonians.

Localization Of Light In One Dimensional Randomly Disordered Dielectric Medium, K. Balaji

Masters Theses

The concept of localization of electrons in semiconductors has been known ever since the 1960's when P. W. Anderson and N. F. Mott made detail investigations on the transport properties of alloys. At the end of the last decade, however, physicist started looking for localization in other systems. Specifically, they looked at the localization of light and acoustic waves in disordered systems. Localization is a property which arises for all wavelike excitations in disordered media.

In this study we analyze the localization of light in one dimensional randomly disordered dielectric medium using computer simulation (numerical integration method) technique. The results …

Late Proterozoic Rifting Of Laurentia: Source And Deposition Of Conglomerate Units Of The Grandfather Mountain Formation, North Carolina Blue Ridge, Michael J. Neton

Masters Theses

Crustal extension and initiation of rifting of Laurentia during the Late Proterozoic resulted in formation of a northeast-trending system of discontinuous to continuous, half-graben basins situated cratonward of the Iapetus Ocean spreading ridge. Thick accumulations of sandstone, siltstone, bimodal volcanic rocks, conglomerate, diamictite, and minor limestone were deposited largely in response to rifting and relief formation on the basin margins.

The Grandfather Mountain Formation contains five stratigraphically and compositionally distinct conglomerate/diamictite units and one pebbly sandstone unit which cap coarsening-upward, basin-fill sequences. The progradational sequences average 1300 m thick and are composed of a succession of volcanic flows (basalt/rhyolite) and/or …

Sequential And Parallel Discrete Event Simulation On Computer Communication Networks, Tao Zhou

Masters Theses

This thesis presents the discrete event simulation technique on the network design, focusing on the methodology, modeling and implementation. The developed technique is suitable for the analysis of any store-and-forward computer communication networks with any level of complexity. The proposed generic simulation model can be used to test the architectures and protocols of existing networks and networks being designed. In implementation of the sequential discrete event simulation, an object-oriented programming strategy is applied to the network simulation using the C++ language. The parallel discrete event simulation is introduced to solve the problem of long time execution of the sequential simulation …

Double Differential Cross Sections For State-Selective Electron Capture By Low-Energy Ar4+ And Ar5+ Ions From He And Ar, Serefettin Yaltkaya

Masters Theses

Doubly differential cross sections, in angle and energy, for state-selective single-electron capture from He and Ar by Ar⁴⁺ and Ar⁵⁺ ions have been studied experimentally at laboratory impact energies of 25q, 50q, and lOOq eV (q = 4 and 5, where q is the ion charge state) and at laboratory scattering angles between 0° and 5.5°, by means of translational energy spectroscopy. The translational energy-gain spectra show that only a few final states are selectively populated. Final-state transition probabilities were found to depend strongly on the charge state of the projectile ion and the ionization potential of the …

Synthesis Of Organometallic Polymers, Po-Chang Chiang

Masters Theses

By the middle of the nineteenth century, organic chemists found high molecular weight compounds as by-products of some of their experiments. These compounds were thought of as products of a failed reaction. It was not until sixty years ago that the first polymers were deliberately synthesized. Today polymers are used in almost every facet of life and they are becoming more important with each passing day.

This research project focused on synthesizing conducting organometallic polymers. By linking aromatic rings with transition metals, the resultant polymers should have good electrical conductivity because of the interaction of (a) the p electrons on …

Prediction Of Paper Color: A Process Simulation Approach, Mayank Chaturvedi

Masters Theses

A simulation model was developed for a dye mixing process and for the prediction of the optical properties of the paper. The model was integrated with the MAPPS (Modular Analysis of Pulp and Paper Systems) simulation software package. The model was validated using dyed handsheets made in a laboratory and dyed paper made on a pilot papermachine. Validation comprised of prediction of the optical properties of the handsheets and the machine-made paper which contained various combinations of three non-fluorescent dyes. Sheet reflectances were predicted at 20 nanometer intervals for discrete light wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers and verified …

Optimal Control Of A Heat Flux In A Parabolic Partial Differential Equation, Katherine Renee Deaton

Masters Theses

We consider the problem of controlling the solution of a parabolic partial differential equation with non-homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, taking the flux as the control. We take as our cost functional the sum of the L² norms of the control and the difference between the temperature distribution attained and the desired temperature profile. We establish the existence of an optimal control that minimizes the cost functional. The optimal control is characterized in a constructive way through the solution to the optimality system, which is the original problem coupled with an adjoint problem. We establish existence and uniqueness of the …

The Development And Application Of Testing Techniques In An Object-Oriented Paradigm, Robert F. Kozal

Masters Theses

This thesis is the study of testing object-oriented programs. Aspects of object-oriented programs for which testing techniques are developed include classes, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. The application of these techniques are illustrated, and a comparison between traditional testing techniques and object-oriented techniques is also drawn.

Single And Double Ionization Of Helium By Highly Charged Sulfur Ions, Karen M. Lifrieri

Masters Theses

Single and double ionization of helium by highly charged sulfur projectiles is investigated over an energy range of 0.16 to 1.6 MeV/u. Absolute cross sections for the processes of pure ionization, ionization associated with single capture, and ionization associated with single loss by S^6,13+ projectiles were experimentally determined and compared with previous results and theories. Ratios of double-tosingle ionization for each outgoing projectile charge state were also determined and compared with theory. The pure ionization ratios for S⁶⁺ at the highest energies investigated show the q²/E dependence predicted by Knudsen et al. (1984). For S^{13+ …}

Calcite Cementation Of Pleistocene Glacial Deposits In Southwest Michigan, Robert Lee Tolliver

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Graph Theory Based Routing Algorithms, Bo Wu

Masters Theses

In this thesis, we study two VLSI layout problems.

We investigate the Minimum-Bend Single Row Routing Problem in which the objective function is to minimize the number of doglegs (or blends) per net. Our approach uses a graph theoretic representation in which an instance of the Single Row Routing Problem is represented by three graphs, an overlap graph, a containment graph and an interval graph. Using this graph representation, we develop three algorithms for minimum-bend single row routing problem.

We present a three-layer over-the-cell router (ICR-3) for the standard cell design style based on a new cell model which assumes …

Algorithms For Incomplete Hypercubes, Venkata K. Prabhala

Masters Theses

Networked multiprocessing architectures for parallel com putation offer an alternative to high cost supercomputing. Recently hypercube has emerged as the most versatile architecture for parallel com putations. However, the number of nodes m in a hypercube is a power of 2, 2^d, where d is the dimension of the hypercube. In practice, it m ay not be possible to have a complete hypercube because the cost of upgradation is proportional to the num ber of nodes. Incomplete and Composite hypercubes help remove the exponential node(and hence cost) constraint.

In this thesis we establish the equality of m-node …

A Survey Of Computer Use In Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Sites, Martha E. Parks

Masters Theses

Eighty-three Western Michigan University occupational therapy fieldwork sites were surveyed to determine: (a) extent of computer use, (b) diagnostic categories with which computers are used, (c) extent of computer knowledge of registered occupational therapists (OTRs), and (d) adequacy of computer knowledge of fieldwork students. Forty-seven (56.6%) of the 83 surveys were returned. OTRs at 36 (76.6%) of the 47 sites currently use computers. Word processing is the most common way in which these OTRs use computers. The most common clinical use of computers is perceptual/motor assessment and treatment, while the most common research use of computers is for report writing. …

The Application Of A Statistical Trend Analysis Program To Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Data From Eight Western Michigan Solid Waste Landfills, Amy Decosta Lachance

Masters Theses

A statistical analysis and interpretation of ground-water chemistry data from eight landfills in Western Michigan was performed. Data were collected over approximately the past ten years, pursuant to the requirements of Michigan's Solid Waste Management Act. A statistical regression model was used to reduce the data to identifiable trends and estimated magnitudes. These results were analyzed with respect to each landfill's characteristics and hydrogeological setting. Comparisons were made concerning the landfills' relative potential for environmental harm. Also, the effectiveness and applicability of this model to the analysis of ground-water monitoring data was assessed.

It was concluded that this analysis and …

Hydrogeologic Characterization Of A Multi-Aquifer System At Station 11 In Kalamazoo, Michigan, Linda G. Jones

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the hydraulic connection between the upper and lower confined glacial drift aquifers. The results of this study are based primarily upon the geologic profiles, a comparison of the head differences within each aquifer, potentiometric surfaces and different lag times for precipitation to reach each aquifer.

Results of the aquifer test showed that the upper confining layer pinches out in the western part of the well field. This area also provided significant recharge to the well field during the aquifer test. Data collected during the aquifer test and the increases in water levels …

On Planar Routing Of Multi-Terminal Nets In Vlsi Physical Design, Jahangir A. Hashmi

Masters Theses

In this thesis, we study two problems related to the physical design of VLSI circuits. One problem is related to the VLSI global routing and the other is related to the detailed routing in a bounded region.

We consider the routing of multiple multi-terminal nets on a single layer. We suggest a new approach for this problem. Our approach is based on simultaneously finding a forest of k non-intersecting spanning trees. We present an O(n^3) algorithm for finding two spanning trees corresponding to two nets on a single layer.

We also study the problem of finding a minimum Steiner tree …

Groundwater Studies Near The Dowagiac Landfill Area, Dowagiac, Michigan, Using Seismic Resistivity Methods, Saiful B. Baharom

Masters Theses

Groundwater contamination has occurred in the vicinity of the Dowagiac landfill, Dowagiac, Michigan. The groundwater has been degraded by the presence of organic hydrocarbons, trichloroethylene in particular. At least two aquifers are thought to be present in the area with the upper unconfined aquifer being contaminated while a lower confined aquifer remains uncontaminated. This lower aquifer is thought to be protected from above by a clay layer. A combined geophysical survey consisting of seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys was conducted to determine the continuity and thickness of this clay layer as well as the extent of the contamination. A …

Studies On Improving The Regioselectivity Of Reactions Of Sucrose: The Role Of Molecular Recognition And Polymer Supported Syntheses, Ran Jiang

Masters Theses

The world economy is critically dependent upon natural resources. Because sucrose can be inexpensively produced in large quantities and refined to a purity unequalled by almost all other natural products, it has been exploited as an industrial raw material for many years, primarily as a sweetener. A major difficulty in utilizing sucrose as an industrial feedstock is the lack of regioselectivity in synthetic reactions due to its eight hydroxyl groups of similar reactivity.

The long range goal in this work is to apply the technique of molecular recognition by template imprinting to the creation of a material that will bind …

The Effects Of Beaver-Created Wetlands On Surface Water Quality Of Streams And Rivers In Dupage County, Illinois, Brian Conklin

Masters Theses

Dam construction by beavers creates wetlands which have the potential to improve water quality, especially in areas near urban centers. However, beaver dams may also cause flooding problems which can result in the removal of the beaver(s) and the destruction of their dam. A further understanding of how beaver-created wetlands affect water quality will provide additional data which can be utilized in beaver management decisions.

In this study, 41 chemical parameters were examined from water taken above and below beaver-created wetlands that existed in DuPage County, Illinois between May and September 1991. This study was designed to examine the effects …

Iron Tricarbonyl Derivatives Of Ditertiary Phosphines, Xi Chen

Masters Theses

In this work we have explored reactions of coordinated diphenylvinylphosphine with coordinated diphenylphosphine. Starting materials, (OC)₄FePPh₂CH=CH₂, trans- (OC)₃Fe(PPh₂CH=CH₂)₂, (OC)₄FePPh₂H, and trans- (OC)₃Fe(PPh₂H)₂ were successfully prepared from known procedures. The bimetallic complex, (OC)₄FePPh₂CH₂CH₂PPh₂Fe(CO)₄, was obtained in 69% yield from the reaction of ((OC)₄FePPh₂CH=CH₂ with (OC)₄FePPh₂H. The trimetallic complex, (OC)₄FePPh₂CH₂CH_{2 …}

The First Documentation Of A Lower Middle Pennsylvanian Upland Flora From The Eastern Margin Of The Eastern Interior Basin (Illinois Basin), Vicki J. Comer

Masters Theses

The primary objective of this study is to reconstruct the paleofloristics of an unnamed shale of lower Middle Pennsylvanian age. The shale is periodically exposed in the highwall of the Ashboro Pit, Log Cabin Coal Company, Clay County, Indiana. This will be the first upland fossil flora to be described from the eastern margin of the Eastern Interior Basin (Illinois Basin). The gray shale containing the upland flora lies directly above the Upper Block Coal (SW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec. 17, T. 11N., R. 6W.)

Two collections, collected on three different occasions were made available for analysis: Smithsonian Natural …

Butenolide Synthesis Via Cation-Initiated Ring Expansion/Elimination Of Β-Lactones, Jianhua Huang

Masters Theses

An area of recent research in the Black research group is an exploration of the potential of cation-initiated β-lactone ring expansions, accompanied by the elimination of a proton or other electrofuge, as a protocol for the synthesis of multisubstituted butenolides.

Γ-Bromo β-lactones were prepared via bromolactonization of the appropriate β,Γ-unsaturated acids under basic conditions. The nucleofugal bromine atom on the Γ-carbon was then employed to effect carbocation formation adjacent to the lactone ring oxygen atom; the most efficacious reagent combination was found to be silver nitrate in refluxing acetic acid. Generation of this cation initiated a migration of the β-lactone …

New Reagents And Reactions For Desulfurization Of Coal, Shan Wang

Masters Theses

Searching for new reagents and reactions for pre-combustion desulfurization of coal was the goal of this work. In this study, modifications of mild desulfurization reactions, which were found to work with organosulfur model compounds, have been investigated systemetically for improvements in sulfur removal and reduction of reagent cost. The screening of reagents and new reactions utilized substituted thiophenes plus aryl sulfides as the initial models for organosulfur compounds in coal. Tetrahydrofuran extracts of Illinois Basin Coals were also used as second generation targets for desulfurization reactions.

Dibenzothiophene was converted to biphenyl using potassium metal/tetrahydrofuran without the addition of electron transfer …

Selected Studies On Certain Iron Sandwich Complexes, Mashitah M. Yusoff

Masters Theses

In these studies, the synthesis of [2.3](1,3)cyclopentadiendoparacyclophane was attempted. Like ferrocene and [2.2]paracyclophane, it is expected to exhibit transannular π-electronic interaction throughout its molecular structure and therefore, one dimensional semiconductivity.

The preparation of dialkylferrocenes had resulted in complex inseparable mixtures. Due to the fluxional nature of its intermediates, their conversion to stable Diels-Alder adducts would facilitate analysis. In this project, certain Diels-Alder adducts of bis-cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl intermediates were prepared for analysis.

Very few transition metal complexes of pyrrole are currently known. [2.2](2,5)Pyrroloparacyclophane was perceived to be stable especially as a part of an iron sandwich complex. The final phase …

Reductive Cleavage Of Cyclopentadienylmanganese Tricarbonyl, Mani S. Iyer

Masters Theses

Since the isolation of ferrocene in 1951, it has been shown to behave like benzene and may be acylated, sulfonated, metalated, and arylated. Like benzene, it also resists hydrogenation.

Daniel Trifan and Louis Nicholas (1957) were the first to show that ferrocene can be smoothly degraded by lithium and ethylamine. The isolation of free cyclopentadienyl ion on hydrolysis of the reaction mixture indicates that the cleavage leads initially to cyclopentadienyl lithium salt. A similar procedure applied to cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl also resulted in the formation of cyclopentadienyl lithium salt. This, when added to ferrous chloride, gave ferrocene. This technique can be …

Structural, Depositional, And Diagenetic Controls On Reservoir Development: St. Peter Sandstone, Newaygo County, Michigan, Mark S. Caldwell

Masters Theses

Enhanced reservoir quality in the Middle Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone is observed in gas bearing zones in wells located on domal structures. Geometry and degree of this enhanced porosity development is the result of the interplay of structural, depositional, and diagenetic controls. An integrated subsurface study of the Woodville/Goodwell field area was performed in order to document controls on hydrocarbon accumulation.

Recurrent structural growth of domal features throughout the Paleozoic is well documented by isopach mapping. Burial and thermal history studies indicate that hydrocarbons were generated in Ordovician aged source rocks during late Devonian to early Mississippian time, and accumulated …

Resonant Electron Transfer And K-Shell Excitation Of Lithiumlike Projectiles In Collisions With Molecular Hydrogen, M. Anwar Kamal

Masters Theses

An experimental investigation of resonant transfer and excitation (RTE) for collisions of Mg⁹⁺ (lithiumlike) projectile ions with a molecular hydrogen gas target has been made. The experimental cross sections for projectile K-shell x rays coincident with electron capture in the energy of 33- to 60-MeV are found to be in good agreement with theoretical RTE calculations. The present results confirm the agreement between experiment and theory which has been reported for RTE involving K-shell excitation for projectiles with atomic numbers between 9 and 92 incident on H₂ and He targets.

Cross sections for total K-shell x-ray production and …