Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Study On The Corrosion & Electrochemical Properties Of Alloy Aa5083 And The Effect Of Active Chlorine In Seawater, Hong-Ren Wang, Jian-Hua Wu, Jun-Tao Wang, Hong-Bin Wang, Zhi-Gang Fang

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper potentiodynamic technique, cyclic polarization technique and immersion corrosion method were used to study the corrosion and electrochemical properties of AA5083 alloy in quiescent seawater, the effect of active chlorine on its properties was also studied. The results obtained indicate that the active chlorine has no remarkable impact on the corrosion and electrochemical properties of AA5083 alloy in area of design concentration which range from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/L, and it has favorable influence on the improvement of pitting corrosion resistance. While the pH value of seawater has evident influence on the corrosion resistance of AA5083 alloy.

Study For The Cathodic Behavior Of Active Chlorine On 316l Ss Electrode Surface, Hui Yu, Ming-Xian Sun, Yan Ma, Xiao-Bin Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The cathodic reducing reactions of active chlorine on 316L SS electrode surface have been investigated by electrochemical techniques. The open circuit potential shifted positively and the limited diffusion current density increased significantly with the increasing content of active chlorine in the 3.5%sodium chloride solution. The two cathodic reduction processes of HClO and ClO- exhibited on the surface of electrode with the active chlorine added to the 3.5%sodium chloride solution and the corresponding potentials of the two reducing reactions were confirmed. The linear relationship of the mass transport_limited Faradaic current, Id vs. the square root of the angular velocity of the …

Development And Study Of The (Ag)-Ni/Cr Composite Plating With Antibacterial Properties And Corrosion Resistance, Ya-Ping Zhao, Jin-Hua Wang, Ren-He Yin, Jin Zheng, Le-Shu Yu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The 3_factor and 3_level orthogonal experiment was designed and through the comparison of the different films' antibacterial properties measured by bacterial colony counting and the corrosion resistance studied with the AC impedance method. The optimal plating conditions of the (Ag)_Ni/Cr composite plating, a novel functional plating, were determined.The results have indicated that the (Ag)_Ni/Cr composite plating is characterized by both antibacterial and corrosion resisting properties and has its wide applied prospect.

Synthesis By Complexation Processes And Characterization Of Lini_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 Cathode Materials, Jing Liu, Zhao-Yin Wen, Zhong-Hua Gu, Xiu-Jian Zhu, Zu-Xiang Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The layered LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 compound, which has been of great interest for lithium ion batteries, was prepared at low temperatures by calcining a complex precursor at different temperatures. The physical properties of the synthesized cathode materials were discussed in the light of structural (XRD). The charge and discharge cycling of the cells containing the synthesized oxide as the positive electrode in conjunction with lithium metals and employing a non_aqueous electrolyte showed that LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 treated at 900 ℃ exhibited excellent performances. The first discharge capacity of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 is 142 mAh/g and its capacity loss is 8%. The mechanisms of capacity degradation are …

Investigations Of Smooth Function Of Polyethylene Glycol Surfactants On The Electrolessly Deposited Silver Film, Hao Tong, Zhi-Qing Qiao, Fen-Ning Jing, Meng-Ke Li, Chun-Ming Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Some non_ionic surfactants of Polyethylene Glycol 2000,6000 and 20000 were used to estimate the smooth affection on the electrolessly deposited silver film. The adsorption state of the surfactants about Si/solution interface was investigated by using open circuit potential_time technology (Op_t).As comparative experiments, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) was also performed to study the surface smooth effection of the surfactants. It was found that with the increasing of the carbon chain in the surfactants, the smooth effection is getting great. PEG 20000 showed the best smooth function.

Fabrication Of Sncu_X/Cms Composite Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Yu Liu, Jing-Ying Xie, Jun Yang, Ke Wang, Bao-Feng Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The composite material were prepared by sub_micro SnCux, particles depositing on the surface of Carbonaceous Mesophase Spherules(CMS).Electrochemical cycling tests showed that coulombic efficiency of the electrodes prepared by the composite materials was near 100 % after second cycle and the capacity dropped less than 5% after the 30th cycle, versus 390 mAhg-1 special capacity, improving 26 % special capacity of pure CMS electrode. The electrochemical performance of the composite materials is depended strongly on the alloy content in the composite, the addhesive strength between alloy particles and CMS matrix, the distribution of particles on the surface of CMS and the …

Fenton Reagent Produced In Electrolysis Cell And Its Using In Degradation And Decolourization Of Dye, Xi Zheng, Ri-Yao Chen, Rui-Fang Lan, Xiao Chen, Zhen Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electro_chemical processing to produce Fenton reagent has been described.Fenton reagent having a high redox potential has been used as an oxidant in treatment of dye wastewater.Results show that both of the degradation and decolourization of dyes are efficient.The decolourization of dye wastewater reaches 100%.The COD removing rate is about 80%.

Electroreduction Of Cd(Ⅱ) In Dmso And Complexation Of Cd(Ⅱ) With Coumarin Derivates, Ji-Guo Song, Hua-Can Song, Qi-Qin Yang, Yi-Wen Chen, Zun-Le Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cadmium p_toluenesulfonate was synthesized and tested electrochemically for the first time. This salt can lose all the hydrated water easily and the dehydrated salt do not deliquesce in the air.Hence,the cadmium p_toluenesulfonate is suitable for the electrochemical studies in organic solvents.When the Cd(Ⅱ) reduced on Pt electrode in Cd(pCH3C6H4SO3)2+TBAP+DMSO, underpotential deposition of cadmium occurred at first, and then cadmium deposited. 4_Methyl_7_hydroxylcoumarin and 3_aminocoumarin coordinate with Cd(Ⅱ) respectively, as a result the reductive potentials of Cd(Ⅱ) moved to the negative direction.

An Eqcm Study Of Water Adsorption And Oxidation On Pt Electrodes In Sulfate Acid Sulotions, Heng Lin, Sheng-Pei Chen, Jin-Mei Lin, Ai-Lan Lin, Guo-Liang Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Simultaneous frequency and current responses during potential cycling of Pt electrode were measured in 0.1 mol·L-1 H2SO4 solution by using EQCM.Quantitative analysis of the mass change revealed that the increase of mass in the hydrogen and double_layer regions in a positive_going potential scan was due to water adsorption on the Pt electrode,further calculation indicated that water molecules adsorbed on Pt electrode in the double_layer regions through a low discharge quomodo .The EQCM studies provided quantitative results of surface mass variation during water adsorption and oxidation,and have thrown new light in elucidating the structure of double_layer between electrode and solution.

Pure Iron Electrolyzed From Scrap Iron Chips And Its Corrosion Characteristics, Wei-Min Cao, Ren-He Yin, Hui-Ceng Yan, Zhi-Qiang Ye

Journal of Electrochemistry

The high purity electrolytic iron was made from scrap iron chips. Electrolytic conditions of pure iron were determined in chloride baths and the highest purity was 99.983% by chemical analysis. Pure iron had very compact texture and high mechanical strength by SEM figures of cross section. In deaerated 0.5 kmol·m-3H2SO4 and 0.5 kmol·m-3NaCl solutions, the corrosion rate of iron decreased with increasing purity.

Alfalfa Disease Management, Paul Vincelli

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa can be a vigorous and productive forage crop for Kentucky farmers. Like all farm crops, however, alfalfa is subject to infectious diseases that can limit forage production. Managing these diseases is an important part of economical alfalfa production.

Weed Management In Alfalfa, Jonathan D. Green

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The importance of weed control in forage production should not be overlooked, especially when you consider the high investment associated with alfalfa and other legume forages. Weed management strategies in forage legumes should first focus on cultural practices and then on chemical weed control options. Vigorous, densely growing forage legume stands tend to have fewer weed problems. Thus, cultural and management practices that promote a highly competitive forage stand help prevent many weed problems. These practices include: 1) liming and fertilizing fields based on soil test recommendations; 2) seeding well-adapted, vigorous, and long-lived varieties; 3) buying weed-free seed; 4) cutting …

Alfalfa Haylage And Silage, Michael Collins

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Even with extended grazing systems, typical winter weather conditions in Kentucky necessitate the production of some stored forage for livestock during winter. Hay has traditionally been the way of storing this forage. However, when rain occurs during haymaking operations, the losses can be severe both in yield and in forage quality. Harvest losses are greatest for very dry forage and are low for very wet material like direct cut silage. Silage offers an opportunity to avoid most of the rain damage during harvest because the crop only needs to be left out overnight in most cases to be ready to …

Buying And Selling Alfalfa Hay, Garry D. Lacefield, Jimmy C. Henning

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa hay is an important agricultural product. Although often fed on the farms where it is produced, much alfalfa hay is also sold as a cash crop. It often constitutes a major source of income for those who sell it, or a major expense for those who buy it. Such transactions involve billions of dollars nationwide each year.

Forage Testing & Marketing Program, Allen Johnson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Two thousand and three marks the 141^th year for the Kentucky Department of Agriculture for testing forages. We continue to strive to offer a quality service to producers at the very least cost possible. After all these years we continue to charge only $10.00 per lot or cutting and have expanded our services to try to meet the needs of our forage and livestock producers. In January 2002, we introduced the testing of haylages and have expanded this to cover most of the haylage crops harvested in Kentucky. In cooperation with The University of Kentucky Extension Service, the department …

Producing Quality Alfalfa Hay, Jimmy C. Henning, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Hay is one of the most versatile of stored forages in that (1) it can be kept for long periods of time with little loss of nutrients if protected from weather; (2) a large number of crops can be successfully used for hay production; (3) it can be produced and fed in small or large amounts; (4) it can be harvested, stored and fed by hand or the production and feeding can be completely mechanized; and (5) hay can supply most nutrients needed by many classes of livestock. Hay is, therefore, the most commonly used stored feed on most farms.

Alfalfa And Mrls: What We Know After One Year Of Testing, Jimmy C. Henning, Wayne Long

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The onset of mare reproductive loss syndrome in April 2001 in Kentucky lead to much speculation about its cause. Some of these initial 'suspects' included the ergot alkaloids of tall fescue, potential cyanide content of white clover, wide Calcium/Potassium ratios in pasture, fungal mycotoxins and the presence of certain poisonous plants. Certain consultants also indicated that no one should purchase or feed any Kentucky hay in 2001. However, these statements were not based on any hard information, just one person's opinion. But great damage was done to the confidence in Kentucky grown hay.

Alfalfa, The Queen Of Forage Crops — Reflections After Sixty Years Experience With The Crop, Warren C. Thompson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Yes, it is true I have been involved with alfalfa for 60 years and then some. Fact is I was fortunate enough to pick the World's best forage on which to base much of my career about the same time I fell in love with and married the best lady I ever knew. Betty has stuck with me through these crazy wonderful years. She was largely responsible for matters at home and raising the family. She managed our family and home while I was on the move trying to encourage maybe even coerce farmers in Kentucky and then over the …

Alfalfa For Summer Grazing, Jason Sandefur

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Jason manages the Berle Clay Farm in Paris, Kentucky. The farm has been in the Clay family since the 1770's. The Homestead was built in 1778.

The farming operation consist of approximately 680 acres of orchardgrass-clover, 300 acres of orchardgrass-alfalfa, 210 acres of tall fescue-clover, 100 acres of crops, 13 acres of tobacco and 70 acres in roads, buildings, etc.

Advances In Developing Better Alfalfa Varieties, Jim Moutray

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa breeders continue to actively pursue the development of varieties that will bring more benefits to farmers. Yield and better persistence are our highest priorities. Other traits under selection can make alfalfa easier and cheaper to grow, better and safer for livestock and more attractive to livestock.

The goal of this paper is to update you on the types of alfalfa research going on in the U.S., time tables on when you may expect to see these new developments and how they may help you in your operation.

Alfalfa Hay Quality: Terms And Definitions, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

At the 22^nd Kentucky Alfalfa Conference we discussed the relationship among Alfalfa - Yield-Quality-Persistence. In our presentation, we indicated that all three components must be considered for best management of alfalfa stands. Over the past week, I have looked through the past twenty-two years of Alfalfa Conference Proceedings. It's interesting, but not surprising that we have focused far more attention on yield than on quality and/or persistence.

Alfalfa yield (quantity) and quality are both important; however, it is easier for producers to recognize problems associated with quantity than quality because quantity can be easily assessed visually. Thus, forage quantity …

Foreword [2003], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Stratospheric Influence On The Northern North American Free Troposphere During Topse: 7be As A Stratospheric Tracer, Jack E. Dibb, R. Talbot, Eric Scheuer, Garry Seid, Linsey J. Debell, Barry Lefer, Brian Ridley

Earth Sciences

We use ⁷Be, with HNO₃ and O₃, to identify air masses sampled from the NCAR C-130 during TOPSE that retained clear evidence of stratospheric influence. A total of 43 such air masses, spread fairly evenly across the February to May sampling period, and 40°N–86°N latitude range, were encountered. South of 55°N, nearly all clear stratospheric influence was restricted to altitudes above 6 km. At higher latitudes stratospherically influenced air masses were encountered as low as 2 km. Approximately 12% of all TOPSE sampling time at altitudes above 2 km was spent in stratospherically impacted air, above …

Microscopic Theory Of Network Glasses, Randall W. Hall, Peter G. Wolynes

Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship

A theory of the glass transition of network liquids is developed using self-consistent phonon and liquid state approaches. The dynamical transition and entropy crisis characteristic of random first-order transitions are mapped as a function of the degree of bonding and density. Using a scaling relation for a soft-core model to crudely translate the densities into temperatures, theory predicts that the ratio of the dynamical transition temperature to the laboratory transition temperature rises as the degree of bonding increases, while the Kauzmann temperature falls explaining why highly coordinated liquids are “strong” while van der Waals liquids without coordination are “fragile.”

An Estimate Of The Stratospheric Contribution To Springtime Tropospheric Ozone Maxima Using Topse Measurements And Beryllium-7 Simulations, Dale J. Allen, Jack E. Dibb, Brian Ridley, Kenneth E. Pickering, R. Talbot

Earth Sciences

Measurements of tropospheric ozone (O₃) between 30°N and 70°N show springtime maxima at remote locations. The contribution of seasonal changes in stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) to these maxima was investigated using measurements from the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox Experiment (TOPSE) campaign and the beryllium-7 (⁷Be) distribution from a calculation driven by fields from the Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System (GEOS DAS). Comparison with TOPSE measurements revealed that upper tropospheric model-calculated ⁷Be mixing ratios were reasonable (a change from previous calculations) but that lower tropospheric mixing ratios were too low most likely …

Coupled Evolution Of Brox-Clox-Hox-Nox Chemistry During Bromine-Catalyzed Ozone Depletion Events In The Arctic Boundary Layer, M J. Evans, D J. Jacob, E L. Atlas, C A. Cantrell, Fred Eisele, F Flocke, A Fried, R L. Mauldin, Brian Ridley, B Wert, R. Talbot, D R. Blake, B J. Heikes, J Snow, J Walega, Andrew Weinheimer, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

Extensive chemical characterization of ozone (O₃) depletion events in the Arctic boundary layer during the TOPSE aircraft mission in March–May 2000 enables analysis of the coupled chemical evolution of bromine (BrO_x), chlorine (ClO_x), hydrogen oxide (HO_x) and nitrogen oxide (NO_x) radicals during these events. We project the TOPSE observations onto an O₃ chemical coordinate to construct a chronology of radical chemistry during O₃ depletion events, and we compare this chronology to results from a photochemical model simulation. Comparison of observed trends in ethyne (oxidized by Br) and ethane …

Investigations Into Free Tropospheric New Particle Formation In The Central Canadian Arctic During The Winter/Spring Transition As Part Of Topse, R J. Weber, D A. Orsini, B Wang, Eric Scheuer, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Garry Seid, Linsey J. Debell, R L. Mauldin, E Kosciuch, C A. Cantrell, Fred Eisele

Earth Sciences

In this paper, we investigate the role of in situ new particle production in the central Canadian sub-Arctic and Arctic as part of the TOPSE experiment. Airborne measurements conducted primarily in the free troposphere were made from 50° to 90°W longitude and 60° to 85°N latitude during the period from February to May 2000. Data pertinent to this paper include 3–4 nm diameter (Dp) particles, ultrafine condensation nuclei (Dp > 3 nm), fine particles (0.2 < Dp < 3 μm), and the possible nucleation precursor, sulfuric acid, and its precursor, sulfur dioxide. For data averaged over this period, most species showed little evidence for a latitudinal trend. Fine aerosol number concentrations, however, showed a slight increase with latitude. The evolution of various species concentrations over the period of the study show that fine particles also had a consistent temporal trend, increasing at all altitudes from February to May, whereas sulfur dioxide at the surface tended to peak in late March. Ultrafine condensation nuclei and 3–4 nm particles showed no temporal trends. Little evidence for in situ new particle production was observed during the study, except for one atypical event where SO₂concentrations were 3.5 ppbv, 2 orders of magnitude higher than typical levels. This paper cannot address the question of whether the observed condensation nuclei were …

Ozone Depletion Events Observed In The High Latitude Surface Layer During The Topse Aircraft Program, Brian Ridley, Elliot Atlas, D Montzka, Edward V. Browell, C A. Cantrell, D R. Blake, N J. Blake, L Cinquini, Michael T. Coffey, L K. Emmons, Ronald C. Cohen, Russell J. Deyoung, Jack E. Dibb, Fred Eisele, F Flocke, A Fried, F E. Grahek, William B. Grant, Jonathan Hair, James W. Hannigan, B J. Heikes, Barry Lefer, R L. Mauldin, Jennie Moody, R E. Shetter, J Snow, R. Talbot, J A. Thornton, J Walega, Andrew Weinheimer, B Wert, Anthony Wimmers

Earth Sciences

During the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) aircraft program, ozone depletion events (ODEs) in the high latitude surface layer were investigated using lidar and in situ instruments. Flight legs of 100 km or longer distance were flown 32 times at 30 m altitude over a variety of regions north of 58° between early February and late May 2000. ODEs were found on each flight over the Arctic Ocean but their occurrence was rare at more southern latitudes. However, large area events with depletion to over 2 km altitude in one case were found as far south as …

Seasonal Distributions Of Fine Aerosol Sulfate In The North American Arctic Basin During Topse, Eric Scheuer, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Garry Seid, Linsey J. Debell, Barry Lefer

Earth Sciences

We used the mist chamber/ion chromatography technique to quantify fine aerosol SO₄⁼(<2.7 μm) in the Arctic during the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox Experiment (TOPSE) with about 2.5 min time resolution. Our effective sample area ranged from 50° to 86°N and 53° to 100°W. The seasonal evolution of fine aerosol sulfate in the Arctic troposphere during TOPSE was consistent with the phenomenon of Arctic haze. Arctic haze has been attributed to pollution from sources in the Arctic and pollution transported meridionally along stable isentropes into the Arctic in geographically broad but vertically narrow bands. These layers became more prevalent at higher altitudes as the season progressed toward summer, and the relevant isentropes are not held so close to the surface. Mean fine particle SO₄⁼ mixing ratios during TOPSE in February below 1000 m were elevated (112 pptv) and highly variable (between 28 and 290 pptv) but were significantly lower at higher altitudes (about 40 pptv). As the season progressed, elevated mixing ratios and higher variability were observed at higher altitudes, up to 7 km. In May, mixing ratios at the lowest altitudes declined but still remained higher than in February at all altitudes. The high variability in our measurements likely reflects the vertical heterogeneity of the wintertime …

Steady State Free Radical Budgets And Ozone Photochemistry During Topse, C A. Cantrell, Lee Mauldin, M Zondlo, Fred Eisele, E Kosciuch, R E. Shetter, Barry Lefer, S R. Hall, T L. Campos, Brian Ridley, J Walega, A Fried, B Wert, F Flocke, Andrew Weinheimer, James W. Hannigan, Michael T. Coffey, Elliot Atlas, S Stephens, B J. Heikes, J Snow, D R. Blake, N J. Blake, A Katzenstein, J Lopez, Edward V. Browell, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Garry Seid, R. Talbot

Earth Sciences

A steady state model, constrained by a number of measured quantities, was used to derive peroxy radical levels for the conditions of the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) campaign. The analysis is made using data collected aboard the NCAR/NSF C-130 aircraft from February through May 2000 at latitudes from 40° to 85°N, and at altitudes from the surface to 7.6 km. HO₂ + RO₂ radical concentrations were measured during the experiment, which are compared with model results over the domain of the study showing good agreement on the average. Average measurement/model ratios are 1.04 (σ …