Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Removing Sets From Connected Spaces While Preserving Connectedness, Melvin Henriksen, Amir Nikou

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

As per the title, the nature of sets that can be removed from a product of more than one connected, arcwise connected, or point arcwise connected spaces while preserving the appropriate kind of connectedness is studied. This can depend on the cardinality of the set being removed or sometimes just on the cardinality of what is removed from one or two factor spaces. Sometimes it can depend on topological properties of the set being removed or its trace on various factor spaces. Some of the results are complicated to prove while being easy to state. Sometimes proofs for different kinds …

Primary Decomposition Of Ideals In A Ring, Sola Oyinsan

Theses Digitization Project

The concept of unique factorization was first recognized in the 1840s, but even then, it was still fairly believed to be automatic. The error of this assumption was exposed largely through attempts to prove Pierre de Fermat's, 1601-1665, last theorem. Once mathematicians discovered that this property did not always hold, it was only natural for them to try to search for the strongest available alternative. Thus began the attempt to generalize unique factorization. Using the ascending chain condition on principle ideals, we will show the conditions under which a ring is a unique factorization domain.

Frobenius Problem And The Covering Radius Of A Lattice, Lenny Fukshansky, Sinai Robins

CMC Faculty Publications and Research

Abstract. Let N ≥ 2 and let 1 < a(1) < ... < a(N) be relatively prime integers. The Frobenius number of this N-tuple is defined to be the largest positive integer that cannot be expressed as Sigma(N)(i=1) a(i) x(i) where x(1),..., x(N) are non-negative integers. The condition that gcd(a(1),..., a(N)) = 1 implies that such a number exists. The general problem of determining the Frobenius number given N and a(1),..., a(N) is NP-hard, but there have been a number of different bounds on the Frobenius number produced by various authors. We use techniques from the geometry of numbers to produce a new bound, relating the Frobenius number to the covering radius of the null-lattice of this N-tuple. Our bound is particularly interesting in the case when this lattice has equal successive minima, which, as we prove, happens infinitely often.

Generalized Geologic Map For Land-Use Planning: Lincoln County, Kentucky, Daniel I. Carey, Sally Sloan

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.

S-Toeplitz Composition Operators, Valentin Matache

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Operators on function spaces acting by composition to the right with a fixed selfmap φ of some set are called composition operators of symbol φ.

Polymorphism Of Four Enantiotropic Crystalline Systems Containing Ni(Ii), H2O, 15-Crown-5 And No3-, Maxime Andre Siegler

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The series of compounds [M(H₂O)₂(15-crown-5)](NO₃)₂, M = Mg, Mn, Co, Cu and Zn, has been extended to include two new phases for M = Fe and two new phases for M = Ni. The system [M(H₂O)₂(15-crown-5)](NO₃)₂ is remarkable for having many high-Z’ phases (Z’ > 1) with similar packing and for having solid-solid phase transitions through which there is no significant loss of crystallinity. The synthesis of the analogous Ni complex was carried out. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed …

Computer Simulation And Modeling Of Physical And Biological Processes Using Partial Differential Equations, Wensheng Shen

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Scientific research in areas of physics, chemistry, and biology traditionally depends purely on experimental and theoretical methods. Recently numerical simulation is emerging as the third way of science discovery beyond the experimental and theoretical approaches. This work describes some general procedures in numerical computation, and presents several applications of numerical modeling in bioheat transfer and biomechanics, jet diffusion flame, and bio-molecular interactions of proteins in blood circulation.

A three-dimensional (3D) multilayer model based on the skin physical structure is developed to investigate the transient thermal response of human skin subject to external heating. The temperature distribution of the skin is …

Economic Analysis Of Cellulase Production Methods For Bio-Ethanol, Jun Zhuang, Mary A. Marchant, Sue E. Nokes, Herbert J. Strobel

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The cost of cellulase enzymes has limited the feasibility of producing ethanol from fibrous biomass. Traditional submerged fermentation (SmF) was compared to an alternative method of producing cellulase, solid state cultivation (SSC). Results from an economic analysis indicated that the unit costs for cellulase enzyme production were $15.67 (The prices are all 2004 prices in this article, except otherwise stated. We deflated newer prices to 2004 prices using a deflation factor 0.9 per year and inflated older prices to 2004 prices using an inflation factor 1.1.) per kilogram ($/kg) and $40.36/kg, for the SSC and SmF methods, respectively, while the …

Emergence Of Singular Structures In Oldroyd-B Fluids, Becca Thomases, Michael Shelley

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

Numerical simulations reveal the formation of singular structures in the polymer stress field of a viscoelastic fluid modeled by the Oldroyd-B equations driven by a simple body force. These singularities emerge exponentially in time at hyperbolic stagnation points in the flow and their algebraic structure depends critically on the Weissenberg number. Beyond a first critical Weissenberg number the stress field approaches a cusp singularity, and beyond a second critical Weissenberg number the stress becomes unbounded exponentially in time. A local approximation to the solution at the hyperbolic point is derived from a simple ansatz, and there is excellent agreement between …

Agroecología: Promoviendo Una Transición Hacia La Sostenibilidad, Stephen R. Gliessman, Francisco J. Rosado-May, Carlos Guadarrama-Zugasti, Julie Jedlicka, Anais Cohn, Victor Ernesto Méndez, Roseann Cohen, Laura Trujillo, Christopher M. Bacon, Roberta Jaffe

Environmental Studies and Sciences

En este artículo se define agroecología como la aplicación de los conceptos y prinicipios ecológicos al diseño y manejo de los sistemas alimentarios sostenibles. Se presentan los argumentos principales que sostienen la validez, importancia y pertinencia del enfoque agroecológico, no solo para entender los procesos involucrados en la producción de alimentos, sino para proponer alternativas que conduzcan a esos procesos para operar en sistemas sostenibles. El concepto clave, que guía el razonamiento metodológico y epistemológico en este an álisis, es el de sostenibilidad. Para alcanzar sostenibilidad la metodología agroecológica no solo se ancla en la Ecología, lo cual se describe …

Parallelizing A Nondeterministic Optimization Algorithm, Sammy Raymond D'Souza

Theses Digitization Project

This research explores the idea that for certain optimization problems there is a way to parallelize the algorithm such that the parallel efficiency can exceed one hundred percent. Specifically, a parallel compiler, PC, is used to apply shortcutting techniquest to a metaheuristic Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), to solve the well-known Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) on a cluster running Message Passing Interface (MPI). The results of both serial and parallel execution are compared using test datasets from the TSPLIB.

Minimal Surfaces, Maria Guadalupe Chaparro

Theses Digitization Project

The focus of this project consists of investigating when a ruled surface is a minimal surface. A minimal surface is a surface with zero mean curvature. In this project the basic terminology of differential geometry will be discussed including examples where the terminology will be applied to the different subjects of differential geometry. In addition the focus will be on a classical theorem of minimal surfaces referred to as the Plateau's Problem.

Multi-Core Processors And The Future Of Parallelism In Software, Ryan Christopher Youngman

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this thesis is to examine multi-core technology. Multi-core architecture provides benefits such as less power consumption, scalability, and improved application performance enabled by thread-level parallelism.

Multi-User Game Development, Cheng-Yu Hung

Theses Digitization Project

This project included the development of a multi-user game that takes place in a 3 dimensional world of the computer science department. Basically, the game allows prospective students to meet existing students and faculty in a virtual open house that takes place within the third floor of Jack Brown Hall. Users can walk around Jack Brown Hall and type text messages to chat with each other.

An Upperbound On The Ropelength Of Arborescent Links, Larry Andrew Mullins

Theses Digitization Project

This thesis covers improvements on the upperbounds for ropelength of a specific class of algebraic knots.

Web Based Entry Level Mathematics Test, Okbun Baek

Theses Digitization Project

The primary purpose of the project is to develop a web site where students can practice entry level mathematics questions.

Ground-Water Age And Quality In The High Plains Aquifer Near Seward, Nebraska, 2003-2004, Jennifer S. Stanton, Matthew K. Landon, Michael J. Turco

United States Geological Survey: Publications

The U.S. Geological Survey, In cooperation with the City of Seward, Nebraska, conducted a study of ground-water age and quality to improve understanding of: (1) travel-times from recharge areas to public-supply wells, (2) the effects of geochemical reactions in the aquifer on water quality, and (3) how water quality has changed historically in response to land-use practices. Samples were collected from four supply wells in the Seward west well field and from nine monitoring wells along two approximate ground-water flow paths leading the well field.

Hydrogeologic Setting And Ground-Water Flow Simulations Of The Eastern High Plains Regional Study Area, Nebraska, Matthew K. Landon, Michael J. Turco

United States Geological Survey: Publications

The transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells was evaluated in a part of the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The aquifer in the Eastern High Plains regional study area is composed of Quaternary alluvial deposits typical of the High Plains aquifer in eastern Nebraska and Kansas, is an important water source for agricultural irrigation and public water supply, and is susceptible and vulnerable to contamination. A six-layer, steady-state ground-water flow model of the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, was constructed and calibrated to average …

Temporal Differences In The Hydrologic Regime Of The Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1895–2006, Daniel Ginting, Ronald B. Zelt, Joshua I. Linard

United States Geological Survey: Publications

In cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District for a collaborative study of the cumulative effects of water and channel management practices on stream and riparian ecology, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) compiled, analyzed, and summarized hydrologic information from long-term gaging stations on the lower Platte River to determine any significant temporal differences among six discrete periods during 1895-2006 and to interpret any significant changes in relation to changes in climatic conditions or other factors. A subset of 171 examined hydrologic indices (HIs) were selected for use as indices that (1) included most of the variance in the …

Simulations Of Ground-Water Flow, Transport, Age, And Particle Tracking Near York, Nebraska, For A Study Of Transport Of Anthropogenic And Natural Contaminants (Tanc) To Public-Supply Wells, Brian R. Clark, Matthew K. Landon, Leon J. Kauffman, George Hornberger

United States Geological Survey: Publications

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to providing the Nation with credible scientific information that helps to enhance and protect the overall quality of life and that facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov/). Information on the Nation’s water resources is critical to ensuring long-term availability of water that is safe for drinking and recreation and is suitable for industry, irrigation, and fish and wildlife. Population growth and increasing demands for water make the availability of that water, now measured in terms of quantity and quality, even more essential to the long-term sustainability of our …

Land Capability Potential Index (Lcpi) For The Lower Missouri River Valley, Robert B. Jacobson, Kimberly A. Chojnacki, Joanna M. Reuter

United States Geological Survey: Publications

The Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) was developed to serve as a relatively coarse-scale index to delineate broad land capability classes in the valley of the Lower Missouri River. The index integrates fundamental factors that determine suitability of land for various uses, and may provide a useful mechanism to guide land-management decisions. The LCPI was constructed from integration of hydrology, hydraulics, land-surface elevations, and soil permeability (or saturated hydraulic conductivity) datasets for an area of the Lower Missouri River, river miles 423-670. The LCPI estimates relative wetness based on intersecting water-surface elevations, interpolated from measurements or calculated from hydraulic models, …

The Influence Of Sublacustrine Hydrothermal Vent Fluids On The Geochemistry Of Yellowstone Lake, Laurie S. Balistrieri, Wayne C. Shanks Iii, Russell L. Cuhel, Carmen Aguilar, J. Val Klump

United States Geological Survey: Publications

The geochemical composition of Yellowstone Lake water is strongly influenced by sublacustrine hydrothermal vent activity. The evidence for this conclusion is twofold. First, mass-balance calculations indicate that the outflow from Yellowstone Lake is enriched in dissolved As, B, Cl, Cs, Ge, Li, Mo, Sb, and W relative to inflowing waters. Calculations involving stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (δD and δ18O, respectively) and mass-balances indicate about 13 percent evapoconcentration in the lake, which is inadequate to account for the enrichment of these elements in the water column. Second, linear relationships between the concentration of Cl and many other elements in …

Movement Of A Large Landslide Block Dated By Tree-Ring Analysis, Tower Falls Area, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Paul E. Carrara

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Tree-ring analysis can be a valuable tool to date geomorphic events in regions lacking long historical records. In this study, the latest detectable movement of a section of a large landslide block in the Tower Falls area of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, is dated by tree-ring analysis of Douglas fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) damaged by the event. The movement tilted many of the trees and damaged their root systems. Thirteen old, tilted Douglas fir trees, at three sites, were sampled within the section of the landslide block that moved during the life of these trees. In …

Is Yellowstone Losing Its Steam?— Chloride Flux Out Of Yellowstone National Park, Irving Friedman, Daniel R. Norton

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Chloride flux, a surrogate for heat flow, was determined for the four rivers draining Yellowstone National Park (the Park) for the water years (October 1 through September 30) 1983 through 2003, with the exception of 1995 and 1996. The chloride emitted by the geothermal system underlying Yellowstone Park is designated “thermal chloride,” and it constitutes 94 percent of the total chloride exiting the Park. The remainder of the chloride is contributed by rainfall, rock weathering, and a minor amount due to human impact.

Of this 94 percent, the Fall, Madison, Snake, and Yellowstone Rivers have been determined to discharge 93 …

Environmental Geochemistry In Yellowstone National Park—Natural And Anthropogenic Anomalies And Their Potential Impact On The Environment, Maurice A. Chaffee, Robert R. Carlson, Harley D. King

United States Geological Survey: Publications

In cooperation with the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a stream-sediment-based environmental geochemical study in and near Yellowstone National Park (the Park). The main goals of the study were to (1) determine background concentrations for as many as 49 elements in samples of rock and stream sediment, (2) establish a geochemical baseline during the 1990s for future reference, (3) identify the source(s) of anomalies for selected elements, and (4) identify potential chemical impacts on the Park environment, especially on wildlife.

Two areas of the Park containing identified environmental geochemical problems were selected for detailed study: (1) an …

Geochemical Data For Selected Rivers, Lake Waters, Hydrothermal Vents, And Subaerial Geysers In Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming And Vicinity, 1996–2004, Pamela A. Gemery-Hill, Wayne C. Shanks Iii, Laurie S. Balistrieri, Gregory K. Lee

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Analyses of more than 400 water samples collected from creeks and rivers draining into Yellowstone Lake, hydrothermal vents and water-column profiles within Yellowstone Lake, and subaerial hot springs and geysers throughout Yellowstone National Park (the Park) are reported. The samples were collected from 1996 to 2004. All of the water samples were collected and analyzed as part of the USGS Mineral Resources Program Project, Integrated Geoscience Studies of the Greater Yellowstone Area. Goals of this study are to provide state-of-the-art chemical determinations of more than 45 elements and species to help understand the influences of hydrothermal processes within Yellowstone National …

Spectral Analysis Of Absorption Features For Mapping Vegetation Cover And Microbial Communities In Yellowstone National Park Using Aviris Data, Raymond F. Kokaly, Don G. Despain, Roger N. Clark, K. Eric Livo

United States Geological Survey: Publications

This report summarizes the application of imaging spectroscopy to the study of biotic components of Yellowstone National Park ecosystems. Maps of vegetation cover and hot-spring microorganisms were generated using spectral-feature analysis of data from the airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). AVIRIS data were calibrated to surface reflectance using a radiative-transfer model and a ground-calibration target. A spectral library of canopy-reflectance signatures was created by averaging pixels of reflectance data over known occurrences of 27 vegetation cover types in Yellowstone. Distributions of these vegetation types were determined by comparing absorption features of the vegetation in the spectral library with …

Hydrothermally Altered Rock And Hot-Spring Deposits At Yellowstone National Park—Characterized Using Airborne Visible- And Infrared-Spectroscopy Data, K. Eric Livo, Fred A. Kruse, Roger N. Clark, Raymond F. Kokaly, W. C. Shanks Iii

United States Geological Survey: Publications

The hydrothermal system in Yellowstone National Park has created altered rock and hot-spring deposits that were mapped using AVIRIS (airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometer) data. The mapped minerals are indicative of the geologic processes and environments that controlled their formation. Ongoing volcanic activity is expressed at the surface by geothermal features, earthquakes, and geologically recent caldera formation. Precipitated minerals such as siliceous sinter and travertine on the surface are derived from chloride-rich alkaline solutions that are leaching silica and calcite from the underlying country rock. Siliceous sinter and montmorillonite are associated with hydrothermal systems abundant in hot water, whereas …

Monitoring Changes In Geothermal Activity At Norris Geyser Basin By Satellite Telemetry, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Irving Friedman

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Instrumentation on a weir on Tantalus Creek, which captures 98 percent of the surface discharge of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (the Park), records discharge and water temperature every 10 minutes and telemeters recorded data every hour via GOES satellite. Plots of discharge from June 1998 through mid-November 2003 record frequent—and often large—changes in
discharge.

Data recorded during five eruptions of Steamboat Geyser (May 2000, April 2002, September 2002, April 2003, and October 2003) allow calculation of the time and duration of the eruptions, as well as amounts of water released by each eruption.

Water discharge at the weir …

Reconnaissance Study Of Pleistocene Lake And Fluvial Deposits In And Near Ancestral Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, J. D. Love, John M. Good, D. G. Browne

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Seven sequences of Pleistocene strata, five of them predominantly lacustrine, are described from outcrops north of Yellowstone Lake. These are (1) Turbid Lake sequence, 30–50 feet of white pumiceous claystone and tuff with carbonaceous partings and a distinctive compositional pattern of excesses and deficiencies of many elements; (2) Yellowstone Falls sequence, 75 feet or more of varved white claystone and tuff containing pollen and diatoms, overlain by gray conglomerate and sandstone; (3) Hayden Valley sequence, 200 feet or more of gray and white silt and claystone containing sparse diatoms; (4) Alum Creek sequence, 30 feet or more of bedded sand …