Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Alfalfa Hay For Horses: Myths Vs. Reality, Laurie Lawrence

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

How Much Hay Does A Horse Need?

A horse owner once described their Quarter Horse gelding as “a hole in the stall that I throw hay into”! This description is certainly accurate… a 1200 lb gelding used for light recreational riding will consume about 700 lbs of hay per month during the winter in Kentucky. If the horse is kept in a place with minimal pasture, yearly hay consumption will be about 4 tons. Restricting hay intake can lead to digestive disturbances and behavior problems, so it is recommended that most horses be allowed access to 1.5 – 2.0 lbs …

Alfalfa Seed Price And Seeding Rate: Impact Of Production Cost, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

I am often asked the question about what is the ideal alfalfa seeding rate, especially with the price of seed for most improved varieties over $4.00 per pound. Before giving the ideal seeding rate or recommended range of seeding rates, let me overview alfalfa seed size, seedling survival, and plant survival. Alfalfa has about 200,000 seeds/lb. If one pound was evenly spread over one acre (43,560 ft²), there would be about five seeds per square foot. Therefore if you take the seeding rate you are using and multiply by five, you will come pretty close to knowing how …

Rfv Vs. Rfq -- Which Is Better?, Tom Keene, Peter Jeranyama, Alvaro D. Garcia

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Determining the value of hay is often times a trying adventure but the rewards can be significant. It begs the question though, what do those numbers really tell me? Do they provide me pertinent information? There are so many numbers…which ones do I need to be concerned with? All of the numbers and information on the results sheets are important. However, certain numbers have greater bearing on some classes of livestock than others. As research continues to give us new parameters regarding, herd health, pounds of gain, pounds of milk, maintenance, etc. the importance of these will also likely change …

A Hybrid Approach Based On Genetic Algorithms In Conjunction With Statistical Methods For The Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer, Brijesh Verma, Ping Zhang, Kuldeep Kumar

Kuldeep Kumar

This chapter reviews and presents genetic algorithms and statistical methods based approach for early detection and classification of breast cancer using digital mammography. A feature selection using genetic algorithms and statistical methods have been combined and a hybrid system has been developed and tested on a benchmark database. A comparative analysis of the results is included in this chapter.

Art And Science Of Haymaking, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

In 2007, Kentucky was chosen as one of three states to participate in the making of a movie on Quality Haymaking. Case IH Agriculture in an effort to better serve their customer base and the forage industry invested resources to produce, edit and distribute a DVD on Quality Haymaking. A national project coordinator was hired who in turn contracted with a film company. When we were contacted and learned it was not going to be a commercial for any one brand or product, we agreed to participate.

Foreword And Recipients Of Kentucky Alfalfa Awards [2009], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

No abstract provided.

Simple Approximations For Condensational Growth, A. B. Kostinski

Department of Physics Publications

A simple geometric argument relating to the liquid water content of clouds is given. The phase relaxation time and the nature of the quasi-steady approximation for the diffusional growth of cloud drops are elucidated directly in terms of water vapor concentration. Spatial gradients of vapor concentration, inherent in the notion of quasi-steady growth, are discussed and we argue for an occasional reversal of the traditional point of view: rather than a drop growing in response to a given supersaturation, the observed values of the supersaturation in clouds are the result of a vapor field adjusting to droplet growth. Our perspective …

Axiomatic Theory Of Equilibrium Selection For Games With Two Players, Perfect Information, And Generic Payoffs, Srihari Govindan, Robert B. Wilson

Robert B Wilson

Three axioms from decision theory are applied to refinements that select connected subsets of the Nash equilibria of games with perfect recall. The first axiom requires all equilibria in a selected subset to be admissible, i.e.\ each player's strategy is an admissible optimal reply to other players' strategies. The second axiom invokes backward induction by requiring a selected subset to contain a sequential equilibrium. The third axiom requires a refinement to be immune to embedding a game in a larger game with additional strategies and players, provided the original players' strategies and payoffs are preserved, viz., selected subsets must be …

Relaxing Latent Ignorability In The Itt Analysis Of Randomized Studies With Missing Data And Noncompliance, L Taylor, Xiao-Hua Zhou

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Abstract: In this paper we consider the problem in causal inference of estimating the local complier average causal effect (CACE) parameter in the setting of a randomized clinical trial with a binary outcome, cross-over noncompliance, and unintentional missing data on the responses. We focus on the development of a moment estimator that relaxes the assumption of latent ignorability and incorporates sensitivity parameters that represent the relationship between potential outcomes and associated potential response indicators. If conclusions are insensitive over a range of logically possible values of the sensitivity parameters, then the number of interpretations of the data is reduced, and …

Multiple Imputation Methods For Treatment Noncompliance And Nonresponse In Randomized Clinical Trials, Leslie Taylor, Xiao-Hua (Andrew) Zhou

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Summary: Randomized clinical trials are a powerful tool for investigating causal treatment effects, but in human trials there are oftentimes problems of noncompliance which standard analyses, such as the intention-to-treat or as-treated analysis, either ignore or incorporate in such a way that the resulting estimand is no longer a causal effect. One alternative to these analyses is the complier average causal effect (CACE) which estimates the average causal treatment effect among a subpopulation that would comply under any treatment assigned. We focus on the setting of a randomized clinical trial with crossover treatment noncompliance (e.g., control subjects could receive the …

High Order Well-Balanced Schemes And Applications To Non-Equilibrium Flow With Stiff Source Terms, Wei Wang, Chi-Wang Shu, H. C. Yee, Björn Sjögreen

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

The stiffness of the source terms in modeling non-equilibrium ow problems containing finite-rate chemistry or combustion poses additional numerical difficulties beyond that for solving non-reacting flows. A well-balanced scheme, which can preserve certain non-trivial steady state solutions exactly, may help minimize some of these difficulties. In this paper, a simple one dimensional non-equilibrium model with one temperature is considered. We first describe a general strategy to design high order well-balanced finite difference schemes and then study the well-balanced properties of the high order finite difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme, modified balanced WENO schemes and various TVD schemes. The advantages …

Isolation And Characterization Of Aromatase Inhibitors From Brassaiopsis Glomerulata (Araliaceae), Marcy J. Balunas, Bin Su, Soedarsono Riswan, Harry H.S. Fong, Robert W. Brueggemeier, John M. Pezzuto, A. Douglas Kinghorn

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The hexane- and ethyl acetate-soluble extracts of the leaves of Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Blume) Regel (Araliaceae), collected in Indonesia, were found to inhibit aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of estrogens from androgens, in both enzyme- and cell-based aromatase inhibition (AI) assays. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of six known compounds of the steroid and triterpenoid classes (1–6) from the hexane extract, of which 6β-hydroxystimasta-4-en-3-one (5), was moderately active in the cell-based AI assay. Fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract afforded seven pure isolates (7–13) of the modified peptide, fatty acid, monoterpenoid, and benzenoid types, including six known compounds …

Woody Plant Invasion Into The Freshwater Marl Prairie Habitat Of The Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow: Final Report, Erin Hanan, Michael Ross, Jay Sah, Pablo L. Ruiz, Susana Stofella, Nilesh Timilsina, David Jones, Jose Espinar, Rachel King

SERC Research Reports

In the fall of 2005, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services (USFWS) contracted with Florida International University (FIU) to study the physical and biological drivers underlying the distribution of woody plant species in the marl prairie habitat of the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (CSSS). This report presents what we have learned about woody plant encroachment based on studies carried out during the period 2006-2008. The freshwater marl prairie habitat currently occupied by the Cape Sable seaside sparrow (CSSS; Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) is a dynamic mosaic comprised of species-rich grassland communities and tree islands of various sizes, densities and compositions. Landscape heterogeneity …

In Situ Probes Of The First Galaxies And Reionization: Gamma-Ray Bursts, Matthew Mcquinn, Joshua S. Bloom, Jonathan Grindlay, David Band, S. D. Barthemy, E. Berger, A. Corsi, S. Covino, G. J. Fishman, Steven R. Furlanetto, Neil Gehrels, Dieter H. Hartmann, Chryssa Kouveliotou, A S. Kutyrev, Abraham Loeb, S Harvard Moseley, Tsvi Piran, L Piro, J X. Prochaska, R Salvaterra, P Schady, A M. Soderberg, G Tagliaferri

Publications

The first structures in the Universe formed at z > 7, at higher redshift than all currently known galaxies. Since GRBs are brighter than other cosmological sources at high redshift and exhibit simple power-law afterglow spectra that is ideal for absorption studies, they serve as powerful tools for studying the early universe. New facilities planned for the coming decade will be able to obtain a large sample of high-redshift GRBs. Such a sample would constrain the nature of the first stars, galaxies, and the reionization history of the Universe.

Placement And Range Assignment In Power-Aware Radio Networks., Gautam Kumar Das Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Due to the extraordinary growth of demand in mobile communication facility, design of efficient systems for providing specialized services has become an important issue in wireless mobility research. Broadly speaking, there are two major models for wireless networking: single-hop and multi-hop. The single-hop model [110] is based on the cellular network, and it provides one-hop wireless connectivity between the host and the static nodes known as base stations. single-hop networks rely on a fixed backbone infrastructure that interconnects all the base stations by high speed wired links. On the other hand, the multi-hop model requires neither fixed wired infrastructure nor …

Recent Increases In Atmospheric Concentrations Of Bi, U, Cs, S And Ca From A 350-Year Mount Everest Ice Core Record, Susan D. Kaspari, Paul Andrew Mayewski, Michael Handley, Erich Osterberg, Shichang Kang, Sharon B. Sneed, Shugui Hou, Dahe Qin

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

High-resolution major and trace elements (Sr, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Bi, U, Tl, Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) quantified in a Mount Everest ice core ( 6518 m above sea level) spanning the period 1650-2002 AD provides the first Asian record of trace element concentrations from the pre-industrial era, and the first continuous high-resolution Asian record from which natural baseline concentrations and subsequent changes due to anthropogenic activities can be examined. Modern concentrations of most elements remain within the pre-industrial range; however, Bi, U, …

Selecting Optimal Treatments Based On Predictive Factors, Eric C. Polley, Mark J. Van Der Laan

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Semiparametric Two-Part Models With Proportionality Constraints: Analysis Of The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (Mesa), Anna Liu, Richard Kronmal, Xiao-Hua Zhou, Shuangge Ma

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

SUMMARY. In this article, we analyze the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), where about half of the CAC scores are zero and the rest are continuously distributed. When the observed data has a mixture distribution, two-part models can be the natural choice. With a two-part model, there are two covariate effects, with one in each part of the model. Determination of whether the two covariate effects are proportional can provide more insights into the process underlying development and progression of CAC. In this study, we model the CAC score using a semiparametric two-part …

Pooled Nucleic Acid Testing To Identify Antiretroviral Treatment Failure During Hiv Infection, Susanne May, Anthony Gamst, Richard Haubrich, Constance Benson, Davey Smith

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Abstract Background: Pooling strategies have been used to reduce the costs of polymerase chain reaction based screening for acute HIV infection in populations where the prevalence of acute infection is low (<1%). Only limited research has been done for conditions where the prevalence of screening positivity is higher (>1%). Methods and Results: We present data on a variety of pooling strategies that incorporate the use of PCR-based quantitative measures to monitor for virologic failure among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. For a prevalence of virologic failure between 1% and 25%, we demonstrate relative efficiency and accuracy of various strategies. These results could be used to choose the best strategy based on the requirements of individual laboratory …

Multivalent Recognition Of Peptides By Modular Self-Assembled Receptors, Joseph J. Reczek, Aimee A. Kennedy, Brian T. Halbert, Adam R. Urbach

Chemistry Faculty Research

Developing nontraditional approaches to the synthesis and characterization of multivalent compounds is critical to our efforts to study and interface with biological systems and to build new noncovalent materials. This paper demonstrates a biomimetic approach to the construction of discrete, modular, multivalent receptors via molecular self-assembly in aqueous solution. Scaffolds presenting 1−3 viologen groups recruit a respective 1−3 copies of the synthetic host, cucurbit[8]uril, in a noncooperative manner and with a consistent equilibrium association constant (K_a) value of 2 × 10⁶ M⁻¹ per binding site. The assembled mono-, di-, and trivalent receptors bind to their …

Discovery Of A Low-Mass Companion To The Solar-Type Star Tyc 2534-698-1, Stephen R. Kane, Suvrath Mahadevan, William D. Cochran, Rachel A. Street, Sivarani Thirupathi, Gregory W. Henry, Michael H. Williamson

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Brown dwarfs and low-mass stellar companions are interesting objects to study since they occupy the mass region between deuterium and hydrogen burning. We report here the serendipitous discovery of a low-mass companion in an eccentric orbit around a solar-type main-sequence star. The stellar primary, TYC 2534-698-1, is a G2V star that was monitored both spectroscopically and photometrically over the course of several months. Radial velocity observations indicate a minimum mass of 0.037 M☉ and an orbital period of ∼103 days for the companion. Photometry outside of the transit window shows the star to be stable to within ∼6 millimags. The …

Veritas Observations Of A Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Flare From The Blazar 3c 66a, P. T. Reynolds, Et Al

Physical Sciences Publications

The intermediate-frequency peaked BL Lacertae (IBL) object 3C 66A is detected during 2007-2008 in VHE (very high energy; E > 100 GeV) γ rays with the VERITAS stereoscopic array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. An excess of 1791 events is detected, corresponding to a significance of 21.2 standard deviations (σ), in these observations (32.8 hr live time). The observed integral flux above 200 GeV is 6% of the Crab Nebula's flux and shows evidence for variability on the timescale of days. The measured energy spectrum is characterized by a soft power law with photon index Γ = 4.1 ± 0.4stat ± …

Auroral Evidence For Multiple Reconnection In The Magnetospheric Tail Plasma Sheet, R. A. Treumann, C. H. Jaroschek, R. Pottelette

Dartmouth Scholarship

We present auroral evidence for multiple and, most probably, small-scale reconnection in the near-Earth magnetospheric plasma sheet current layer during auroral activity. Hall currents as the source of upward and downward field-aligned currents require the generation of the corresponding electron fluxes. The auroral spatial ordering in a multiple sequence of these fluxes requires the assumption of the existence of several —and possibly— even many tailward reconnection sites.

Global Aspects Of The Scalar Meson Puzzle, Joseph Schechter, Amir H. Fariborz, Renata Jora

Physics - All Scholarship

A generalized linear sigma model for low energy QCD is employed to study the quark structure of eight low lying scalar isomultiplets as well as eight low lying pseudoscalar isomultiplets. The model, building on earlier work, assumes the possible mixing of quark anti-quark states with others made of two quarks and two antiquarks. No {\it a priori} assumption is made about the quark contents of the states, which emerge as predictions. An amusing and contrasting pattern for the quark structure is found; the lighter conventional pseudoscalars are, as expected, primarily of two quark type whereas the lighter scalars have very …

Semantic Integration Of Citizen Sensor Data And Multilevel Sensing: A Comprehensive Path Towards Event Monitoring And Situational Awareness, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

Practical Limits Of Absorption Enhancement Near Metal Nanoparticles, Jacob B. Khurgin, Greg Sun, R. A. Soref

Physics Faculty Publications

We consider the enhanced absorption of optical radiation by molecules placed in the vicinity of spherical metal nanoparticles in the realistic situation that includes perturbation of the optical field by the absorbing molecules. We show that there is an optimal nanosphere radius that gives the strongest enhancement for each combination of the number of absorbing molecules, their absorption strength, and their distance from the nanosphere surface and that the enhancement is strong only for relatively weak and diluted absorbers.

Data Assimilation, Adaptive Observations And Applications, Humberto Carlos Godinez Vasquez

Dissertations and Theses

Sensitivity analysis, data assimilation and targeting observation strategies are methods that are applied to various complex mathematical models of fluid dynamics. In this research we investigate new directions to improve on the current strategies used to deploy additional observational resources (targeting strategies) for data assimilation in dynamical systems of fluid mechanics.

Targeting strategies aim to determine optimal locations where additional observations will improve the solution of the data assimilation process by identifying regions where state errors in the model have a high potential to grow.

Properly accounting for nonlinear error growth is an unresolved issue in targeted observations for numerical …

Search For Events With An Isolated Lepton And Missing Transverse Momentum And A Measurement Of W Production At Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, D. Nicholass, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, F. Cindolo, M. Corradi, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, R. Nania, A. Polini, S. Antonelli, M. Basile, M. Bindi, L. Cifarelli, A. Contin, S. De Pasquale, G. Sartorelli, A. Zichichi, D. Bartsch, I. Brock, H. Hartmann

Faculty Publications

A search for events with an isolated high-energy lepton and large missing transverse momentum has been performed with the ZEUS detector at HERA using a total integrated luminosity of 504 pb-1. The results agree well with Standard Model predictions. The cross section for production of single W bosons in electron-proton collisions with unpolarised electrons is measured to be 0.89-0.22+0.25 (stat.) ± 0.10 (syst.) pb. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.

Field Line Distribution Of Density At L=4.8 Inferred From Observations By Cluster, R E. Denton, P Décréau, M J. Engebretson, F Darrouzet

Dartmouth Scholarship

For two events observed by the CLUSTER space- craft, the field line distribution of mass density ρ was inferred from Alfve ́n wave harmonic frequencies and compared to the electron density ne from plasma wave data and the oxy- gen density nO+ from the ion composition experiment. In one case, the average ion mass M≡ρ/ne was about 5amu (28 October 2002), while in the other it was about 3 amu (10 September 2002). Both events occurred when the CLUSTER 1 (C1) spacecraft was in the plasmatrough. Nevertheless, the electron density ne was significantly lower for the first event (ne =8 …

Ross, Michelle Ann (Lowe) & Mark Brown, B. 1976 (Fa 356), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 356. Oral history interview conducted on 6 March 2001 by Michelle Ross and Mark Brown with Distinguished Professor Christopher Groves. Groves, a geography professor at WKU specializing in the study of hydrogeology, discusses his work as director of the Hoffman Environmental Research Institute, his geological efforts to map the flow paths of underground rivers, and other cave-science related endeavors.