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2019

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Articles 571 - 600 of 15926

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Simulation Research On Damage Identification Of Simply Supported Beam Based On Wavelet Packet Energy Method, Xijun Liu, Xiankun Tao, Suxia Zhang Dec 2019

Simulation Research On Damage Identification Of Simply Supported Beam Based On Wavelet Packet Energy Method, Xijun Liu, Xiankun Tao, Suxia Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A finite element model of simply-supported beam is built by ANSYS;the displacement response of the beam is used to make wavelet packet analysis with MATLAB to get the curvature difference of WP-E (wavelet packet energy);and the studies on the effects of different parameters on damage recognition results of simple beam bridge are carried out, such as damage locations, damage level, measuring point density and speed of moving loads. For the condition of less measuring points, a method of arranging the measuring points by two steps is proposed. The normalized curvature difference of WP-E is made to study the …

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Simulation Research On Operation Effect Of Vav Air-Conditioning System With Variable Water Temperature Strategy, Qinglong Meng, Zhibo Zhang, Xiong Cheng Dec 2019

Simulation Research On Operation Effect Of Vav Air-Conditioning System With Variable Water Temperature Strategy, Qinglong Meng, Zhibo Zhang, Xiong Cheng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of coordinated operation between VAV (variable air volume) and variable water temperature in central air conditioning system, a TRNSYS dynamic simulation model of air conditioning system with adjustable air supply and water supply temperature is established, and the accuracy of the model is proved by experiments. By controlling the terminal air volume to simulate the effect of variable water temperature operation on the air conditioning system under different load rates, the optimal water supply temperature of the air conditioning system under different load rates is obtained, and the variable water temperature operation strategy of the …

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Synthetic Aperture Ultrasonic Imaging Algorithm Based On Robust Capon Beamforming In Eigenspace, Yecai Guo, Xiaoxing Ji Dec 2019

Synthetic Aperture Ultrasonic Imaging Algorithm Based On Robust Capon Beamforming In Eigenspace, Yecai Guo, Xiaoxing Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to lower the main lobe width and side lobe amplitude of SAF beams ,improve the robustness of ultrasound imaging algorithm, resolution, contrast in images, a synthetic aperture ultrasonic imaging algorithm based on robust Capon beamforming in eigenspace is proposed. Under the principle of MV, this algorithm firstly uses the Toeplitz to realize the reconstruction of the interference-noise covariance matrix and keep it nonsingular. Secondly, the vector error is constrained by the signal subspace and the elliptic constraint set in feature space. Finally, the optimal weight vector which is used to weight and image the echo data is …

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Design And Simulation Analysis Of Epr Contract From The Perspective Of Government Regulation, Benhong Peng, Yuanyuan Wang, Tu Yu Dec 2019

Design And Simulation Analysis Of Epr Contract From The Perspective Of Government Regulation, Benhong Peng, Yuanyuan Wang, Tu Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Government regulation is an important means to promote the extension of producer responsibility. Through the establishment of the agency model based on the public, the government and the producer, the situation of non-cooperation and the cooperation regulation between the public and the government respectively is modeled and analyzed, and the simulation is carried on. The study finds that the cooperation regulation is better than the non-cooperation regulation. The cooperation regulation should take into account the factors such as the risk aversion degree of the manufacturers, the uncertainty of the external environment, the cost coefficient, the comprehensive ability level, the …

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Recurrent Cmacnn Control For Space Robot With Fully Flexible Arms And Elastic Base, Xiaoqin Huang, Chen Li Dec 2019

Recurrent Cmacnn Control For Space Robot With Fully Flexible Arms And Elastic Base, Xiaoqin Huang, Chen Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The trajectory tracking of elastic base and double flexible arms for a free-floating space robot system with fully flexible arms and elastic base is discussed. The elastic connection between the base and the arm is considered as a linear spring and dynamics model of the system which is regarded as a two- time scale system is derived. For the slow-varying subsystem, the recursive CMAC neural network (CMACNN) which has good dynamic characteristics is used to approximate uncertainties of dynamical equation and a recursive CMAC neural network control scheme which improves the tracking performance is designed to improve the …

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Research On Topology Mapping Method For Multiscale Integration Network Emulation, Liu Yuan, Changling Qiu, Xiaofeng Wang, Jiang Min Dec 2019

Research On Topology Mapping Method For Multiscale Integration Network Emulation, Liu Yuan, Changling Qiu, Xiaofeng Wang, Jiang Min

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For large-scale and scalable network emulation requirements, multi-scale integration emulation based on lightweight virtualization and full virtualization is the trend. In order to take into account the advantages of both virtualizations and enhance the performance of network emulation, a topology mapping method (TMMI) is proposed for multi-scale integration network emulation. This method divides the network topology into lightweight virtualization mapping area and integration virtualization mapping area, and according to different mapping areas uses the optimized multi-level partitioning method to map the network topology reasonably. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively balance the load and communication overhead …

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Research On Vibration Characteristics And Parameters Influence Of A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber, Lilan Liu, Bolin Ren, Guodong Zhu Dec 2019

Research On Vibration Characteristics And Parameters Influence Of A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber, Lilan Liu, Bolin Ren, Guodong Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The bistable nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (BNEVEH) is used as a vibration absorber to absorb harmful vibration and transfer it into useful electric energy. The mechanical model and governing equation of the main system with BNEVEH are established. The effect of Gauss white noise intensity on large amplitude motion is analyzed by simulations. And the effect law of mass ratio and tuning frequency ratio on the vibration reduction of the main system and power generation of bistable vibration absorber under Gauss white noise excitation is analyzed from the point of vibration reduction and vibration energy harvesting. The optimal …

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Simulation Of The Resistance Of Superhydrophobic Microchannel In Turbulent Regime, Chunxi Li, Qingze Cui, Xuemin Ye Dec 2019

Simulation Of The Resistance Of Superhydrophobic Microchannel In Turbulent Regime, Chunxi Li, Qingze Cui, Xuemin Ye

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: VOF model and the Realizable k-ε turbulent model are used to simulate the three-dimensional flow field of superhydrophobic microchannels with longitudinal and transverse microstructures in turbulent regime, the effects of structural parameters on the resistance characteristics of superhydrophobic surface are analyzed. The results show that the superhydrophobic microchannels with longitudinal microgrooves exhibit significant reductions in drag; with the increase of the free shear area ratio and the width of the microchannel, the ratio of pressure drop increases, and the average friction factor decreases, as well as the drag reduction effect is highly significant; with the increase of …

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A Dorsal Hand Vein Extraction Algorithm For Region Of Interest, Li Qi, Jianjiang Cui, Dingyu Xue, Hongyu Geng Dec 2019

A Dorsal Hand Vein Extraction Algorithm For Region Of Interest, Li Qi, Jianjiang Cui, Dingyu Xue, Hongyu Geng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The rotation and translation of dorsal hand result in deviation, which brings interference during recognizing valid region when collecting dorsal hand vein image. In order to locate valid recognition area quickly, an extraction algorithm for region of interest based on maximum inscribed circle is proposed in view of the characteristics of the collected image. For the collected dorsal hand vein image, this algorithm calculates the center of the maximum inscribed circle and the center of mass, and the rotation angle of the dorsal hand is calculated. The position of the dorsal hand vein image is corrected and the recognition …

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Influencing Factors On The Velocity And Temperature Of Propagating Fronts In Acrylate Composites, Samuel Morris Bynum Dec 2019

Influencing Factors On The Velocity And Temperature Of Propagating Fronts In Acrylate Composites, Samuel Morris Bynum

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Thermal frontal polymerization is a type of polymerization in which a localized reaction zone propagates through an unstirred system. It is incumbent upon the production and transport of heat produced as a result of the exothermic reaction associated with free-radical polymerization. First discovered in the 1970s, frontal polymerization has been since utilized to produce a variety of different materials, utilizing a variety of different chemistries. The temperature of the propagating front and the velocity at which it propagates can be influenced via chemical or physical means. We show that through careful selection of monomers and control of the concentration of …

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Third- And Fourth-Order Virial Coefficients Of Harmonically Trapped Fermions In A Semiclassical Approximation, K. J. Morrell, Casey E. Berger, J. E. Drut Dec 2019

Third- And Fourth-Order Virial Coefficients Of Harmonically Trapped Fermions In A Semiclassical Approximation, K. J. Morrell, Casey E. Berger, J. E. Drut

Physics: Faculty Publications

Using a leading-order semiclassical approximation, we calculate the third- A nd fourth-order virial coefficients of nonrelativistic spin-1/2 fermions in a harmonic trapping potential in arbitrary spatial dimensions, and as functions of temperature, trapping frequency, and coupling strength. Our simple, analytic results for the interaction-induced changes Δb3 and Δb4 agree qualitatively, and in some regimes quantitatively, with previous numerical calculations for the unitary limit of three-dimensional Fermi gases.

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Bayesian Characterization Of Main-Sequence Binaries In The Old Open Cluster Ngc 188, Roger E. Cohen, Ted Von Hippel, Aaron M. Geller Dec 2019

Bayesian Characterization Of Main-Sequence Binaries In The Old Open Cluster Ngc 188, Roger E. Cohen, Ted Von Hippel, Aaron M. Geller

Publications

The binary fractions of open and globular clusters yield powerful constraints on their dynamical state and evolutionary history. We apply publicly available Bayesian analysis tools to a UBV RIJHKS photometric catalog of the open cluster NGC 188 to detect and characterize photometric binaries along the cluster main sequence. This technique has the advantage of self-consistently handling photometric errors, missing data in various bandpasses, and star-by-star prior constraints on cluster membership. Simulations are used to verify uncertainties and quantify selection biases in our analysis, illustrating that among binaries with mass ratios >0.5, we recover the binary fraction to better than …

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Jammer Placement Algorithm Based On Particle Swarm Optimization, Fang Fang, Chunming Ye, Haibo Liu Dec 2019

Jammer Placement Algorithm Based On Particle Swarm Optimization, Fang Fang, Chunming Ye, Haibo Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A novel jammer placement algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed to solve the problems of nodes’ mobility and restrictions on placement areas in ad-hoc network. There are three steps in this algorithm: network simulation, jamming simulation, and optimization. The algorithm simulates the network communication process and movement of nodes with discrete simulation method. Simple particle swarm optimization is applied to compute the exact coordinates of jammers. Experiment results show that this algorithm is good at jamming network nodes moving in different ways. The algorithm has stable performance with varying conditions such as different placement areas, jamming …

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Treadmill Speed Coordination Control For Lower Limb Rehabilitation Training Robot, Li Feng, Zhizheng Wu, Hou Wei, Xiaofei Qin Dec 2019

Treadmill Speed Coordination Control For Lower Limb Rehabilitation Training Robot, Li Feng, Zhizheng Wu, Hou Wei, Xiaofei Qin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the course of active exercise training for patients with lower limb rehabilitation robots, a treadmill speed coordinated control method based on acceleration suppression is proposed to prevent secondary damage to patients caused by muscle spasms. The mathematical model of treadmill is established by means of system identification. Based on the H2 optimal design method and the continuous time system switching theory, the treadmill speed PI controller with acceleration suppression is designed. The simulation results show that the controller can not only reduce the acceleration of the treadmill, but also keep the speed of the treadmill …

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Credibility Evaluation Method Of Small Sample Data Based On Cluster Cloud Model, Jianmin Wang, Yunjie Wu Dec 2019

Credibility Evaluation Method Of Small Sample Data Based On Cluster Cloud Model, Jianmin Wang, Yunjie Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In practical engineering, the system credibility evaluation with small amount of data and no evaluation criteria has always been a difficult problem for engineers. Aiming at this problem, a small sample data credibility evaluation method combining clustering method and cloud model is proposed. The clustering method is used to calculate the cluster center value for the small sample, and the cloud model is established based on this. The expanded value for small sample data is generated by the cloud model. The credibility of small sample data can be calculated according to the confidence distribution of cloud drops. It can …

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Gi-Map Tree: Global Illumination Collaborative Real-Time Rendering In Web3d Dynamic Scene, Liu Chang, Jinyuan Jia, Yifan Lu, Zhang Qian, Zhao Lei Dec 2019

Gi-Map Tree: Global Illumination Collaborative Real-Time Rendering In Web3d Dynamic Scene, Liu Chang, Jinyuan Jia, Yifan Lu, Zhang Qian, Zhao Lei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the dynamic illumination in web-based virtual reality environment, an interactive real-time rendering mechanism that integrates pre-storage, scheduling and optimization based on a collaborative real-time rendering system. The mechanism helps the rendering system to construct a viewpoint-based pre-storage structure, “GI map tree”, to save and organize illumination rendering information on cloud server. With the assist of “GI map tree” and the user's input behavior, a “heat”-based GI map group scheduling algorithm is proposed to improve the transmission efficiency of the rendering system in this mechanism. The experiment results of Web3D application in the Web environment show that the …

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Wood Surface Defect Detection Based On Adaboost And Cnn, Hongjun Wang, Zouzou Li, Xiangjun Zou Dec 2019

Wood Surface Defect Detection Based On Adaboost And Cnn, Hongjun Wang, Zouzou Li, Xiangjun Zou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to obtain the location information and category information of wood surface defects in the early stage of intelligent wood cutting, a combined algorithm for fast identification and location of wood surface defects is proposed based on digital image processing technology for fast recognition and location of wood surface defects. The Adaboost cascade classifier algorithm is used to extract the candidate frames of the wood surface defect region in the image in order to solve the problem that the traditional segmentation method is not effective for multi objects processing. A CNN model with self-learning ability is used to …

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Multi-Channel Transmission Optimization Of Campus Internet Of Things Based On Pheromone Genetic Algorithm, Zhiyong Chen, Liu Hao Dec 2019

Multi-Channel Transmission Optimization Of Campus Internet Of Things Based On Pheromone Genetic Algorithm, Zhiyong Chen, Liu Hao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the difficulty in selecting and optimizing the multi-path transmission of campus Internet of Things information, an optimization algorithm of network multi-path transmission based on intelligent optimization algorithm is proposed. Based on the standard genetic algorithm and the concept of pheromone concentration in ant colony algorithm, this algorithm improves the global optimization ability and convergence efficiency by controlling the evolution direction of individuals, and designs and constructs an evaluation index mathematical model which conforms to the characteristics of multi-channel information transmission optimization in the Internet of Things. The mathematical model of the evaluation index realizes the multi-channel comprehensive …

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The Simulation Assessment Of Availability For K/N Redundancy System Considering Failure Relevance Of Components, Haidong Du, Junhai Cao, Fusheng Liu, Xu Dan Dec 2019

The Simulation Assessment Of Availability For K/N Redundancy System Considering Failure Relevance Of Components, Haidong Du, Junhai Cao, Fusheng Liu, Xu Dan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the limitations existing in the system availability assessment based on the failure independent hypothesis,the availability assessment model for k/N system based on Copula function theory is built.A reliability evaluation method of fault-related system on the foundation of Agent technique is proposed. The completion of the simulation model from component entity to equipment entity resolves the question of reliability assessment existing in k/N system considering the effects of components relevance. And last, the evaluation results of system availability under different spare parts schemes are given under different material support program, the research results show that the relevance existing …

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Review Of The Weapon System Simulation Technology, Yan Jie, Wenxing Fu, Zhang Kai, Chen Kang, Xiaofei Chang, Zhang Tong, Bin Fu, Sijie Wu Dec 2019

Review Of The Weapon System Simulation Technology, Yan Jie, Wenxing Fu, Zhang Kai, Chen Kang, Xiaofei Chang, Zhang Tong, Bin Fu, Sijie Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Nowadays, the simulation technology are playing a more and more important role in the whole life cycle of weapon system design and application. In this paper, the state of the simulation technology in weapon system design and application is reviewed. And then, to meet the requirement of some brand new warfare styles like combat in complex environment, man-machine cooperation, cyberspace operation, intelligent system operation, combat training, new concepts of weapon simulation are developed, new demand of weapon simulation is introduced and new problems that must be solved are discussed. At last, the necessity and development trend of the …

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Simulation Research On Pedestrian Evacuation Path Selection In The Metro Station, Sun Di, Zhou Jin, Xueying Gao, Ting Jiao, Lixian Zhao Dec 2019

Simulation Research On Pedestrian Evacuation Path Selection In The Metro Station, Sun Di, Zhou Jin, Xueying Gao, Ting Jiao, Lixian Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: As the underground environment is multilayered, more confined space underground, there are many services and facilities, so that when people evacuate the subway, they will have a variety of features and choices. Path probability selection of underground pedestrian evacuation is discussed. In the first stage, models are used to plan several routes. In the second stage, according to the data of real time passenger flow of the railway station, the density of passenger flow is taken as a variable to obtain the time of pedestrian evacuation through different facilities. The traffic capacity of every passage and facility …

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Design Of Multi -Port Converter For Dc Micro-Grid System With Wind-Photovoltaic Storage, Liu Hui, Tinglong Pan Dec 2019

Design Of Multi -Port Converter For Dc Micro-Grid System With Wind-Photovoltaic Storage, Liu Hui, Tinglong Pan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to coordinate energy, load and storage in DC micro-grid system and make efficient utilization of new energy, a multi-port converter for DC micro-grid hybrid energy storage is proposed. According to the composition rule of multi-port converter, by inserting the Buck-boost converter and bidirectional Buck-boost converter into the bootstrap converter of Luo-converter, the DC converter topology which can be used for complementation of wind-photovoltaic storage is produced. Two-way transmission of energy is realized. The analysis of all kinds of working conditions shows that each port of the converter is able to work independently and cooperatively. Different …

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The Method Summary Of Generating Large-Scale Artificial Population In An Artificial Society, Yuanzheng Ge, Zhichao Song, Rongqing Meng Dec 2019

The Method Summary Of Generating Large-Scale Artificial Population In An Artificial Society, Yuanzheng Ge, Zhichao Song, Rongqing Meng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The generation of large-scale artificial population is the fundamental data of high-resolution agent-based artificial society. By the comparison of typical artificial population models, the basic elements, generating methods, and evolving rules, the development of artificial society, generation of population database, the establishment of spatial-temporal relationship, evolving rules of behavior, and reconstruction of social relationship are analyzed. Furthermore, data-driven method and open interface framework of artificial population are discussed, and the future direction and development are listed.

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Analysis On The Mission Reliability For Auv Based On Monte Carlo Method, Li Juan, Kunyu Zhang, Haibo Li, Lijuan Yang, Mengdi Wang Dec 2019

Analysis On The Mission Reliability For Auv Based On Monte Carlo Method, Li Juan, Kunyu Zhang, Haibo Li, Lijuan Yang, Mengdi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The high reliability of AUV is the necessary condition for it to complete the task satisfactorily and efficiently within the specified time. Traditional fault tree is very convenient for describing the reliability model of the system, but for large and complex system, this will significantly increase the computation of reliability parameters, thus the calculation is difficult. Because it to calculate the reliability parameters of complex systems by the traditional fault tree, this paper adopts the method of combining the minimum cut set of fault tree and Monte Carlo method to establish the reliability model for Underwater Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle …

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Dynamic Inventory Routing Optimization Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Jianpin Zhou, Shuliu Zhang Dec 2019

Dynamic Inventory Routing Optimization Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Jianpin Zhou, Shuliu Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the dynamic stochastic inventory routing problem with periodic fluctuation of demand, a novel simulation optimization approach based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to achieving periodic steady strategy. Firstly a dynamic combinatorial optimization model is constructed. Then, by deep reinforcement learning and setting heuristic rules, the replenishment nodes set selection and the replenishment batch allocation weights in each period are determined. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the average profit of a cycle by about 2.7% and 3.9% in low fluctuating demand case and by about 8.2% and 7.1% in high fluctuating …

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Corner Localization In Digital Images Based On Radon Transform, Xuguang Wang, Zhang Qin, Su Jie Dec 2019

Corner Localization In Digital Images Based On Radon Transform, Xuguang Wang, Zhang Qin, Su Jie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Location accuracy is one of the key indexes of measuring the performance of feature point.. High location accuracy feature point detection has important implications for the applications such as 3D reconstruction, motion estimation, target tracking and recognition, image registration, etc. A corner location algorithm based on Radon transform is proposed.Edge binary images are obtained with traditional method first, ideal straight lines and curves are extracted then, potential corner locations are calculated next, fake corners are rejected finally. Experimental results on both simulation and real images show that, this method performs better than the existing methods on interest point localization …

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Characteristic Index Digging Of Combat Sos Capability Based On Machine Learning, Yongli Yang, Xiaofeng Hu, Rong Ming, Xiaojing Yin, Wenxiang Wang Dec 2019

Characteristic Index Digging Of Combat Sos Capability Based On Machine Learning, Yongli Yang, Xiaofeng Hu, Rong Ming, Xiaojing Yin, Wenxiang Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the two difficulties in characteristic index digging of combat system of systems (CSoS), namely operation data generation and digging method selection, this paper proposes a new digging method, that is, using the simulation testbed to generate operation data, then adopting the machine learning to dig characteristic index. Two methods of characteristic index digging based on machine learning are researched: (1) the method based on network convergence, divides the communities for fundamental indexes based on their relationship, and obtains the characteristic indexes by principal component analysis (PCA); this method is applied to dig the characteristic indexes of …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Financial Contagion Based On Correlated Assets Portfolio, Fan Hong, Chunyao Liu Dec 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Financial Contagion Based On Correlated Assets Portfolio, Fan Hong, Chunyao Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The correlation of assets portfolio in financial institutions is an important cause of indirect financial contagion, but the modeling of this problem has not been studied yet. Considering the correlation between the assets invested by financial institutions, a dynamic evolution model and the simulation algorithm of financial network system based on correlated assets portfolio are constructed; and the impact of assets portfolio correlation, degree of assets diversity and market density (the ratio of financial institutions to assets) on financial contagion are studied. Simulation results show that the positive correlation between assets portfolio exacerbates financial contagion, while the negative correlation …

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Pshev Cold Start Emission Simulation Based On Electric Heated Catalyst Pre-Heating, Deng Tao, Haoyuan Yu, Zhifei Li, Haixin Tan Dec 2019

Pshev Cold Start Emission Simulation Based On Electric Heated Catalyst Pre-Heating, Deng Tao, Haoyuan Yu, Zhifei Li, Haixin Tan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to reduce the emissions of the plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle (PSHEV) during the cold start phase, a vehicle model on PSHEV is established and a dynamic model of electrically heated catalyst system (EHCS) based on optimization and control strategy of engine start-stop is built. The PSHEV energy management control strategy based on EHCS preheating is proposed. The influence of different pre-heating power on EHCS temperature is simulated. By comparing SOC value of the control strategy with the original control strategy; and comparative analysis of cold start emissions of three elements catalyst under three strategies of pre-heating, …

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Fatigue Life Prediction Of Turbine Blades Based On Qar Data, Pi Jun, Shuwei Gao, Jiangbo Huang, Huang Lei, Ma Long Dec 2019

Fatigue Life Prediction Of Turbine Blades Based On Qar Data, Pi Jun, Shuwei Gao, Jiangbo Huang, Huang Lei, Ma Long

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the characteristics of the high-pressure turbine blade, a numerical simulation method for the actual load spectrum of the high-pressure turbine blade of the civil aircraft engine based on the QAR data is proposed. The actual service load spectrum of the engine recorded during aircraft flight is extracted from the QAR data; the time history of centrifugal force, aerodynamic force and thermal stress of the turbine blade in actual use is obtained by means of finite element simulation; and with life prediction model, the actual service life of the blade is estimated. This method provides a reliable …

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