Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

2021-2022 Impact Series - Environmental Awareness Student Study Guide, Sabine Dantus

Impact Series Study Guides

Environmental Awareness Impact Series Study Guide: A guide to help you engage with environmental awareness

Measurement Of The Masses And Widths Of The Σc (2455)+ And Σc (2520)+ Baryons, J. Yelton, I. Adachi, J. K. Ahn, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, V. Aulchenko, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, T. Bilka

Faculty and Student Publications

Using 980 fb-1 of data collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider, we report the measurements of the masses, and the first measurements of the instrinsic widths, of the ςc(2455)+ and ςc(2520)+ charmed baryons. We find M(ςc(2455)+)-M(Λc+)=166.17±0.05-0.07+0.16 MeV/c2, Γ(ςc(2455)+)=2.3±0.3±0.3 MeV/c2, M(ςc(2520)+)-M(Λc+)=230.9±0.5-0.1+0.5 MeV/c2, and Γ(ςc(2520)+)=17.2-2.1-0.7+2.3+3.1 MeV/c2, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These measurements can be used to test models of the underlying quark structure of the ςc states.

(Re)Proposal Of Three Cambrian Subsystems And Their Geochronology, Ed Landing, Gerd Geyer, Mark D. Schmitz, Thomas Wotte, Artem Kouchinsky

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Cambrian is anomalous among geological systems as many reports divide it into three divisions of indeterminate rank. This use of “lower”, “middle”, and “upper” has been a convenient way to subdivide the Cambrian despite agreement it consists of four global series. Traditional divisions of the system into regional series (Lower, Middle, Upper) reflected local biotic developments not interprovincially correlatable with any precision. However, use of “lower”, “middle”, and “upper” is unsatisfactory. These adjectives lack standard definition, evoke the regional series, and are misused. Notably, there is an almost 50 year use of three Cambrian subsystems and a 1997 proposal …

A Mélange Of Subduction Ages: Constraints On The Timescale Of Shear Zone Development And Underplating At The Subduction Interface, Catalina Schist (Ca, Usa), K. M. Harvey, S. Walker, P. G. Starr, S. C. Penniston-Dorland, M. J. Kohn, E. F. Baxter

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The presence of mélange at the subduction interface influences numerous geochemical and geophysical processes. However, the relationship between the timescales of mélange development, deformation, and resultant mass transport is poorly understood. Here, we use Sm-Nd garnet geochronology to elucidate the timing of peak metamorphism for five garnet amphibolite tectonic blocks from the amphibolite-facies mélange zone of the Catalina Schist (Santa Catalina Island, CA). Ages range from 108 to 116 Ma and do not appear to correlate with the peak metamorphic temperature recorded by each block (between 640 and 740°C). The lack of correlation between age and peak temperature favors the …

Towards Cnl-Based Verbalization Of Computational Contracts, Inari Listenmaa, Maryam Hanafiah, Regina Cheong, Andreas Kallberg

Centre for Computational Law

We present a CNL, which is a component of L4, a domain-specific programming language for drafting laws and contracts. Along with formal verification, L4’s core functionalities include natural language generation. We present the NLG pipeline and an interactive process for ambiguity resolution.

Mgrre_Pureoilscouttickets_Burmeister_1_21127005010000, Mgrre

Legacy Scout Tickets from Pure Oil Company

No abstract provided.

Coupled Inversion Of Hydraulic And Self-Potential Data From Transient Outflow Experiments To Estimate Soil Petrophysical Properties, Jing Xie, Yian Cui, Qifei Niu

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Hydraulicproperties of soils could play an important role in affecting the partitioning of precipitation in the critical zone. In addition to traditional approaches, in the last two decades, many geophysical methods have been used to aid the hydrologic characterization and measurement of geological materials. In particular, the self-potential (SP) method shows great potential in these hydrogeophysical applications. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the addition of SP data can improve the estimation of hydraulic properties of soils in an outflow experiment. A stochastic, coupled hydrogeophysical inversion was developed, in which the governing equations were solved using the …

Leveraging The Interdependencies Between Barrier Islands And Backbarrier Saltmarshes To Enhance Resilience To Sea-Level Rise, Christopher J. Hein, Michael S. Fenster, Keryn B. Gedan, Jeff R. Tabar, Emily A. Hein, Todd Demunda

VIMS Articles

Barrier islands and their backbarrier saltmarshes have a reciprocal relationship: aeolian and storm processes transport sediment from the beaches and dunes to create and build marshes along the landward fringe of the island. In turn, these marshes exert a stabilizing influence on the barrier by widening the barrier system and forming a platform onto which the island migrates, consequently slowing landward barrier migration and inhibiting storm breaching. Here, we present a novel framework for applying these natural interdependencies to managing coastal systems and enhancing barrier-island resilience. Further, we detail application of these principles through a case study of the design …

Statistical Mechanics Of One-Dimensional Quantum Droplets, T. Mithun, Simeon I. Mistakidis, P. Schmelcher, P. G. Kevrekidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We Study The Statistical Mechanics And The Dynamical Relaxation Process Of Modulationally Unstable One-Dimensional Quantum Droplets Described By A Modified Gross-Pitaevskii Equation. To Determine The Classical Partition Function Thereof, We Leverage The Semi-Analytical Transfer Integral Operator (TIO) Technique. The Latter Predicts A Distribution Of The Observed Wave-Function Amplitudes And Yields Two-Point Correlation Functions Providing Insights Into The Emergent Dynamics Involving Quantum Droplets. We Compare The Ensuing TIO Results With The Probability Distributions Obtained At Large Times Of The Modulationally Unstable Dynamics As Well As With The Equilibrium Properties Of A Suitably Constructed Langevin Dynamics. We Find That The Instability Leads …

Measurement Of Branching Fractions And Search For Cp Violation In D 0 → Π + Π − Η, D 0 → K + K − Η, And D 0 → Φη At Belle, L. K. Li, A. J. Schwartz, K. Kinoshita, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, V. Aulchenko, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, T. Bilka, J. Biswal, A. Bobrov

Faculty and Student Publications

We measure the branching fractions and CP asymmetries for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D0 → π+π−η, D0 → K+K−η, and D0 → ϕη, using 980 fb−1 of data from the Belle experiment at the KEKB e+e− collider. We obtainB(D0→π+π−η)=[1.22±0.02(stat)±0.02(syst)±0.03(Bref)]×10−3,B(D0→K+K−η)=[1.80−0.06+0.07(stat)±0.04(syst)±0.05(Bref)]×10−4,B(D0→ϕη)=[1.84±0.09(stat)±0.06(syst)±0.05(Bref)]×10−4, where the third uncertainty (Bref) is from the uncertainty in the branching fraction of the reference mode D0 → K−π+η. The color-suppressed decay D0 → ϕη is observed for the first time, with very high significance. The results for the CP asymmetries areACP(D0π+π−η)=[0.9±1.2(stat)±0.5(syst)]%,ACP(D0→K+K−η)=[−1.4±3.3(stat)±1.1(syst)]%,ACP(D0→ϕη)=[−1.9±4.4(stat)±0.6(syst)]%. The results for D0 → π+π−η are a significant improvement over previous results. The branching fraction and ACP …

Citation Patterns In Chemistry Dissertations At A Mid-Sized University: An Internal Citation Analysis And External Comparison, Lisa M. Rose-Wiles

Library Publications

This study analyzes the references cited in 34 chemistry dissertations and compares the results with an earlier study of citations in American Chemical Society journals. The dissertations cite more references and older references and a greater diversity of sources. They have the same tendency to heavily cite journal articles from a small core of traditional journals. This study underscores the value of comparing internal citation analyses with external citation analyses, and of analyzing the number of citing authors as well as the number of citations. Interlibrary loan and internal usage statistics were also used to inform collection development and library …

Washington - Feat Bridge Based Train Measurements 2012, University Of Puget Sound

Non-Road Vehicle Data

Relevant Publications

Atmospheric Environment Publication (2019)

Unified And Incremental Simrank: Index-Free Approximation With Scheduled Principle, Fanwei Zhu, Yuan Fang, Kai Zhang, Kevin C.-C. Chang, Hongtai Cao, Zhen Jiang, Minghui Wu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

SimRank is a popular link-based similarity measure on graphs. It enables a variety of applications with different modes of querying (e.g., single-pair, single-source and all-pair modes). In this paper, we propose UISim, a unified and incremental framework for all SimRank modes based on a scheduled approximation principle. UISim processes queries with incremental and prioritized exploration of the entire computation space, and thus allows flexible tradeoff of time and accuracy. On the other hand, it creates and shares common “building blocks” for online computation without relying on indexes, and thus is efficient to handle both static and dynamic graphs. Our experiments …

Estimation Of Conditional Power For Cluster-Randomized Trials With Interval-Censored Endpoints, Kaitlyn Cook, Rui Wang

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) of infectious disease preventions often yield correlated, interval-censored data: dependencies may exist between observations from the same cluster, and event occurrence may be assessed only at intermittent study visits. This data structure must be accounted for when conducting interim monitoring and futility assessment for CRTs. In this article, we propose a flexible framework for conditional power estimation when outcomes are correlated and interval-censored. Under the assumption that the survival times follow a shared frailty model, we first characterize the correspondence between the marginal and cluster-conditional survival functions, and then use this relationship to semiparametrically estimate the cluster-specific …

Plague Exposure In Mammalian Wildlife Across The Western United States, Sarah N. Bevins, Jeffrey C. Chandler, Nicole Barrett, Brandon S. Schmit, Gerald W. Wiscomb, Susan A. Shriner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Plague is caused by a bacterial pathogen (Yersinia pestis) that can infect a wide range of mammal species, but its presence in wildlife is often underappreciated. Using a large-scale data set (n = 44,857) that details the extent of Y. pestis exposure in wildlife, we document exposure in 18 wildlife species, including coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and black bears (Ursus americanus). Evidence of plague activity is widespread, with seropositive animals detected in every western state in the contiguous United States. Pathogen monitoring systems in wildlife that are both large scale …

Exploring The Personality Of Virtual Tutors In Conversational Foreign Language Practice, Johanna Dobbriner, Cathy Ennis, Robert J. Ross

Conference papers

Fluid interaction between virtual agents and humans requires the understanding of many issues of conversational pragmatics. One such issue is the interaction between communication strategy and personality. As a step towards developing models of personality driven pragmatics policies, in this paper, we present our initial experiment to explore differences in user interaction with two contrasting avatar personalities. Each user saw a single personality in a video-call setting and gave feedback on the interaction. Our expectations, that a more extroverted outgoing positive personality would be a more successful tutor, were only partially confirmed. While this personality did induce longer conversations in …

Exploiting Group Structures To Infer Social Interactions From Videos, Maksim Bolonkin

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

In this thesis, we consider the task of inferring the social interactions between humans by analyzing multi-modal data. Specifically, we attempt to solve some of the problems in interaction analysis, such as long-term deception detection, political deception detection, and impression prediction. In this work, we emphasize the importance of using knowledge about the group structure of the analyzed interactions. Previous works on the matter mostly neglected this aspect and analyzed a single subject at a time. Using the new Resistance dataset, collected by our collaborators, we approach the problem of long-term deception detection by designing a class of histogram-based features …

Genotype, Age, Genetic Background, And Sex Influence Epha2-Related Cataract Development In Mice, Alpana Dave, Jamie E. Craig, Mohammad Alamein, Karina Skrzypiec, Justin Beltz, Annalise Pfaff, Kathryn P. Burdon, Nuran Ercal, Robb U. De Iongh, Shiwani Sharma

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

PURPOSE. Age-related cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Variants in the EPHA2 gene increase the disease risk, and its knockout in mice causes cataract. We investigated whether age, sex, and genetic background, risk factors for age-related cataract, and Epha2 genotype influence Epha2-related cataract development in mice.

METHODS. Cataract development was monitored in Epha2⁺/⁺, Epha2^+/-, and Epha2^-/- mice (Epha2^{Gt(KST085)Byg}) on C57BL/6J and FVB:C57BL/6J (50:50) backgrounds. Cellular architecture of lenses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and redox state were determined using histological, molecular, and analytical techniques.

RESULTS. Epha2^-/- and Epha2^{+/- …}

Spontaneous Fluctuations In A Magnetic Fe/Gd Skyrmion Lattice, M. H. Seaberg, B. Holladay, S. A. Montoya, X. Y. Zheng, J. C.T. Lee, A. H. Reid, J. D. Koralek, L. Shen, V. Esposito, G. Coslovich, P. Walter, S. Zohar, V. Thampy, M. F. Lin, P. Hart, K. Nakahara, R. Streubel, S. D. Kevan, P. Fischer, W. Colocho, A. Lutman, F. J. Decker, E. E. Fullerton, M. Dunne, S. Roy, S. K. Sinha, J. J. Turner

Robert Streubel Papers

Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin textures that exhibit classical or quantum quasiparticle behavior. A substantial amount of research has occurred in this field, both because of their unique electromagnetic properties and potential application for future nonvolatile memory storage applications, as well as fundamental questions on their topology and unique magnetic phases. Here, we investigate the fluctuation properties of a magnetic Fe/Gd skyrmion lattice, using short-pulsed x rays. We first measure spontaneous fluctuations of the skyrmion lattice phase and find an inherent, collective mode showing an underdamped oscillation with a relaxation of a couple of nanoseconds. Further observations track the response …

Instrumentation For Routine Analysis Of Acrylamide In French Fries: Assessing Limitations For Adoption, Mark M. Skinner, Jared T. Seale, Maranda S. Cantrell, Joseph M. Collins, Matthew W. Turner, Owen M. Mcdougal

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this experimental review was to detect acrylamide in French fries using methods most adaptable to the food process industry for quality control assessment of products. French fries were prepared at different cook times using the same fryer oil over a five-day period to assess the influence of oil degradation and monitor trends in acrylamide formation. Acrylamide detection was performed using LC-MS, GC-MS and FT-NIR. The low levels of acrylamide produced during frying, low molecular weight of the analyte, and complexity of the potato matrix make routine acrylamide measurement challenging in a well-outfitted analytical lab with trained personnel. …

Improvements To Emissive Plume And Shock Wave Diagnostics And Interpretation During Pulsed Laser Ablation Of Graphite, Timothy I. Calver

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation covers nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of graphite for 4-5.7 J/cm² fluences with 248 nm and 532 nm lasers in 1-180 Torr helium, argon, nitrogen, air, and mixed gas. Three experiments were performed to improve the interpretation of common diagnostics used to characterize pulsed laser ablation, find simple but universal scaling relationships for comparing dynamics across different materials and ablation conditions, and provide a systematic analysis of graphite emissive plume and shock wave dynamics. A scaling of the Sedov-Taylor energy ratio was developed and validated for a range of studies despite differences in wavelength, pulse duration, fluence, and …

Otoliths Of South-Western Australian Fish: A Photographic Catalogue, Chris Dowling, Kim Smith, Elaine Lek, Joshua Brown

Fisheries research reports

Due to the species-specific nature of otoliths and given they are often the only part of the fish preserved when fish die, otolith catalogues can be used in numerous applications, such as diet studies in fish eating animals, including pinnipeds, fish and sea birds; archaeological purposes such as reconstructing indigenous people’s diets from otoliths found in middens or evolutionary history of fish species by comparing fossilized otoliths. Given the unique mixture of subtropical and temperate fish, including many endemic species that occur off the southwest corner of WA having a catalogue for this area is extremely important for people working …

Linking Numbers In Three-Manifolds, Patricia Cahn, Alexandra Kjuchukova

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

Let M be a connected, closed, oriented three-manifold and K, L two rationally null-homologous oriented simple closed curves in M. We give an explicit algorithm for computing the linking number between K and L in terms of a presentation of M as an irregular dihedral three-fold cover of S3 branched along a knot α⊂ S3. Since every closed, oriented three-manifold admits such a presentation, our results apply to all (well-defined) linking numbers in all three-manifolds. Furthermore, ribbon obstructions for a knot α can be derived from dihedral covers of α. The linking numbers we compute are necessary for evaluating one …

In-Game Social Interactions To Facilitate Esl Students' Morphological Awareness, Language And Literacy Skills, Yolanda A. Rankin, Sana Tibi, Casey Kennington, Na-Eun Han

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Video games that require players to utilize a target or second language to complete tasks have emerged as alternative pedagogical tools for Second Language Acquisition (SLA). With the exception of vocabulary acquisition, much of the prior research in game-based SLA fails to gauge students' literacy skills, specifically their morphological awareness or understanding of the smallest meaningful linguistic units (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, and roots). Given this shortcoming, we utilize a two-player online game to facilitate social interactions between Native English Speakers (NES) and English as a Second Language (ESL) students as a mechanism to generate ESL students' written output in the …

Systematic And Collaborative Approach To Problem Solving Using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Neal Fairley, Vincent Fernandez, Mireille Richard-Plouet, Catherine Guillot-Deudon, John Walton, Emily Smith, Delphine Flahaut, Mark Greiner, Mark Biesinger, Sven Tougaard, David Morgan, Jonas Baltrusaitis

Chemistry Publications

The methodology presented within this work is a result of years of interactions between many junior and senior X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) users operating within the CasaXPS spectral processing and interpretation program framework. In particular, discussions arising from a series of workshops have been a significant source for developing the overall XPS data processing concept and are the motivation for creating this work. These workshops organized by the Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Nantes gather both experienced and novice users of XPS for a week of discourse in conceptual experiment design and the resulting data processing. However, the framework …

Toi-1231 B: A Temperate, Neptune-Sized Planet Transiting The Nearby M3 Dwarf Nltt 24399, J. A. Burt, D. Dragomir, P. Mollière, A. Youngblood, A. García Muñoz, J. Mccann, L. Kreidberg, C. X. Huang, K. A. Collins, J. D. Eastman, L. Abe, J. M. Almenara, I. J. M. Crossfield, C. Ziegler, J. E. Rodriguez, E. E. Mamajek, K. G. Stassun, S. P. Halverson, S. Villanueva Jr., R. P. Butler, S. X. Wang, R. P. Schwarz, G. R. Ricker, R. Vanderspek, D. W. Latham, S. Seager, J. N. Winn, J. M. Jenkins, A. Agabi, X. Bonfils, D. Ciardi, M. Cointepas, J. D. Crane, N. Crouzet, G. Dransfield, F. Feng, E. Furlan, T. Guillot, A. F. Gupta, S. B. Howell, Eric L.N. Jensen, N. Law, A. W. Mann, W. Marie-Sainte, R. A. Matson, E. C. Matthews, D. Mékarnia, J. Pepper, N. Scott, S. A. Shectman, J. E. Schlieder, F.-X. Schmider, D. J. Stevens, J. K. Teske, A. H. M. J. Triaud, D. Charbonneau, Z. K. Berta-Thompson, C. J. Burke, T. Daylan, T. Barclay, B. Wohler, C. E. Brasseur

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We report the discovery of a transiting, temperate, Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby (d = 27.5 pc), M3V star TOI-1231 (NLTT 24399, L 248-27, 2MASS J10265947-5228099). The planet was detected using photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and followed up with observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory and the Antarctica Search for Transiting ExoPlanets program. Combining the photometric data sets, we find that the newly discovered planet has a radius of 3.65 (+0.16)/(-0.15) R_⊕ and an orbital period of 24.246 days. Radial velocity measurements obtained with the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan Clay telescope confirm …

Toi-674b: An Oasis In The Desert Of Exo-Neptunes Transiting A Nearby M Dwarf, F. Murgas, N. Astudillo-Defru, X. Bonfils, I. Crossfield, J. M. Almenara, J. Livingston, K. G. Stassun, J. Korth, J. Orell-Miquel, G. Morello, J. D. Eastman, J. J. Lissauer, S. R. Kane, F. Y. Morales, M. W. Werner, V. Gorjian, B. Benneke, D. Dragomir, E. C. Matthews, S. B. Howell, D. Ciardi, E. Gonzales, R. Matson, C. Beichman, J. Schlieder, K. A. Collins, K. I. Collins, Eric L.N. Jensen, P. Evans, F. J. Pozuelos, M. Gillon, E. Jehin, K. Barkaoui, E. Artigau, F. Bouchy, D. Charbonneau, X. Delfosse, R. F. Díaz, R. Doyon, P. Figueira, T. Forveille, C. Lovis, C. Melo, G. Gaisné, F. Pepe, N. C. Santos, D. Ségransan, S. Udry, R. F. Goeke, A. M. Levine, E. V. Quintana, N. M. Guerrero, I. Mireles, D. A. Caldwell, P. Tenenbaum, C. E. Brasseur, G. Ricker, R. Vanderspek, D. W. Latham, S. Seager, J. Winn, J. M. Jenkins

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

Context. The NASA mission TESS is currently doing an all-sky survey from space to detect transiting planets around bright stars. As part of the validation process, the most promising planet candidates need to be confirmed and characterized using follow-up observations. Aims. In this article, our aim is to confirm the planetary nature of the transiting planet candidate TOI-674b using spectroscopic and photometric observations. Methods. We use TESS, Spitzer, ground-based light curves, and HARPS spectrograph radial velocity measurements to establish the physical properties of the transiting exoplanet candidate TOI-674b. We perform a joint fit of the light …

Procesi I Web Dizajnimit, Albin Ibrahimi

Theses and Dissertations

Numri i web sajteve në internet gjithnjë e më shumë po rritet, këto sajte zhvillohen nga programerë të ndryshëm duke përdorur gjuhë të ndryshme programuese. Ashtu që produkti final të jetë i suksesshëm, këto web sajte duhet të zhvillohen në bazë të një procesi, i cili do të shpjegohet në detaje dhe është objektiv kryesor i këtij punimi.

Procesi i tillë ndihmon në efikasitet më të lartë të produktit final, pasi që kërkesat kryesore ndahen në kërkesa më të vogla deri ne maksimum ashtu që krijohet një lloj hallke e cila mundëson planifikim shumë të mirë.

Në këtë proces përfshihen …

Ftth, Blerant Gashi

Theses and Dissertations

Rrjetet fibra për në shtepi (FTTH) i përkasin familjes së sistemeve të transmetimit FTT-x brenda botës së telekomunikacionit. Këto rrjete, të cilat konsiderohen broadband, kanë aftësinë për të transportuar sasi të mëdha të të dhënave dhe informacioneve me ritme shumë të larta të bitit. Teknologjia FTTH përfshin futjen e fibrave optike në rrjetin global, si operatori i rrjetit kryesor si linja e fundit e teknologjis. Rrjetet FTTH për kominikimin e dy pajisve ndermjet tyre perdor driten dhe si medium për transmetim të sinjalve përdor fibrin optikë, ku shpejtsia e transmetimin të të dhënave është Gigabitshte. Fibri optik ka shumë avantazhe …

Winter Harbor Dredge Channel Data Report, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Christine A. Wilcox, Cameron Green

Reports

Winter Harbor is a tidal creek that flows between a sandy barrier system and an eroding marsh shoreline. It is an important waterway that provides access to the Chesapeake Bay from the Winter Harbor watershed. In the past, Winter Harbor Inlet was the only hydraulic connection from the Winter Harbor watershed and Chesapeake Bay. The two open water areas of Winter Harbor were separated by marsh channels that hydraulically connected to the mouth at the present-day Winter Harbor Inlet. The federally-defined channel at Winter Harbor was authorized by Congress in 1950. It was authorized as a 12 feet (ft) deep, …