Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Widmanstatten Ferrite Plate Formation In Low-Carbon Steels, Dominic Phelan, Rian Dippenaar

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The mechanism by which Widmanstätten ferrite plates nucleate and grow in low-carbon steels has been studied. In-situ laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) observations, optical microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques have been used to characterize the relationship between grain boundary allotriomorphs and Widmanstätten ferrite plates. The issue of where Widmanstätten ferrite plates nucleate is one of some debate, with theories including morphological instability and sympathetic nucleation. Evidence has been found that supports the theory of a sympathetic nucleation mechanism being responsible for the formation of Widmanstätten ferrite plates. The EBSD measurements have shown that low-angle misorientations of between 5 …

A Matter Of Trust - Patient's Views On Decision-Making In Colorectal Cancer, Glenn P. Salkeld, Michael J. Solomon, Leonie Short, Phyllis N. Butow

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: To determine which aspects of the treatment decision process, therapy and outcomes are most important to patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Participants: A total of 102 men and 73 women who had completed primary treatment for CRC in two teaching hospitals in Central Sydney, Australia. Main outcomes measures: Patient's rating of the importance of the decision-making aspects and outcomes of treatment for CRC. Results: Trust in their surgeon and confidence of specialty training are of paramount importance to CRC patients. Patients also have a strong desire to get on with treatment quickly and rate the risk …

Inclusion Of Cost Effectiveness In Licensing Requirements Of New Drugs: The Fourth Hurdle, R Taylor, M. Drummond, Glenn P. Salkeld, S Sullivan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Increasing numbers of countries are considering cost effectiveness in decisions about which drugs to make available for prescription. How do the different approaches work and is it time for standardisation?

Pre-School Experience And Literacy And Numeracy Development At The End Of Year 2 Of Primary School, Edward Melhuish, Louise Quinn, Karen Hanna, Kathy Sylva, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Pam Sammons, Brenda Taggart

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This longitudinal study assesses the attainment and development of children followed from the age of 3 until the end of Key Stage 1 (age 8). Over 700 children were recruited to the study during 1998 and 1999 from 80 pre-school centres in Northern Ireland. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used to explore the effects of pre-school experience on children's cognitive attainment and social/behavioural development at entry to school and any continuing effects on such outcomes up to 8 years of age. In addition to the effects of pre-school experience, the study investigates the contribution to children's development of individual …

The Effective Provision Of Pre-School Education (Eppe) Project: Findings From The Early Primary Years, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Pam Sammons, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This brief focuses on the main findings related to pre-school effects on children's development up to age 7.

Fricke Dosimetry For Synchrotron Stereotactic Radiotherapy, C Boudou, M C Biston, J F Adam, A Joubert, S Corde, A M Charvet, F Esteve, H Elleaume

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (SSR) the tumor is loaded with a high Z element, and exposed to monochromatic x-rays from a synchrotron source, in stereotactic conditions. The SSR treatment efficiency is related to the heavy element concentration achievable in the tumor, to the radiation energy, and the irradiation geometry [1,2]. The experimental dose verification of SSR in three dimensions with a good spatial resolution is highly desirable for radiotherapy [3]. In this study, Fricke dosimeter and Monte Carlo calculations were employed for assessing 2D dose distribution.

Anabranching And Maximum Flow Efficiency In Magela Creek, Northern Australia, John D. Jansen, Gerald C. Nanson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

[1] Anabranching is the prevailing river pattern found along alluvial tracts of the world's largest rivers. Hydraulic geometry and bed material discharge are compared between single channel and anabranching reaches up to 4 times bank-full discharge in Magela Creek, northern Australia. The anabranching channels exhibit greater sediment transporting capacity per unit available stream power, i.e., maximum flow efficiency (MFE). Simple flume experiments corroborate our field results showing the flow efficiency gains associated with anabranching, and highlight the prospect of a dominant anabranch, which is found in many anabranching rivers. These results demonstrate that anabranching can constitute a stable river pattern …

Temporal Requirements For Configuration, Switch, And Shape-Change Detection In Novel Objects, Simone Favelle, Stephen Palmisano

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 27th European Conference on Visual Perception, 22-26 August 2004, Budapest, Hungary

From Theory To Practice: What Does The Metaphor Of Scaffolding Mean To Educators Today?, Irina Verenikina

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The current emphasis on rising educational standards in Australian society (eg A Commonwealth Government Quality Teacher Initiative, 2000) has stimulated a growing interest in Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory widely renowned for its profound understanding of teaching and learning. The metaphor of scaffolding commonly viewed as underpinned by socio-cultural theory and the zone of proximal development in particular, has become increasingly popular among educators in Australia (Hammond, 2002). Teachers find the metaphor appealing as it "offers what is lacking in much literature on education - an effective conceptual metaphor for the quality of teacher intervention in learning" (Hammond, 2002, p.2). However, there …

On The Transferability Of The Spcal Water Model To Biomolecular Simulation, Alice Glaettli, Chris Oostenbrink, Xavier Daura, Daan Geerke, Haibo Yu, Wilfred Van Gunsteren

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We investigated the performance of the recently developed SPC/L model for liquid water, as a pure liquid, in binary mixtures with DMSO, and as a solvent model in a peptide folding simulation. Additionally, in order to test the compatibility with the GROMOS biomolecular force field, free energies of hydration of a set of representative compounds were computed. The results are compared to those for the well established SPC water model, which is generally used as a solvent model in conjunction with the GROMOS force field already for more than two decades. It turns out that as a pure liquid and …

Protecting Group Effects On The Efficiency Of The Ruthenium-Catalyzed Alder-Ene Reaction, Joseph Hartley, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The efficiency of the ruthenium-catalysed Alder-ene reaction of hydroxy alkenes depends heavily on the nature of the O-protecting groups employed as well as the length of the carbon spacer between the hydroxy and alkene group.

Terrorism: Ethics, Effectiveness And Enemies, Brian Martin

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Discussions of terrorism usually contain unstated assumptions about ethics, effectiveness and "enemies." These assumptions usually serve to sideline nonviolent options. Ulf Sundhaussen’s otherwise perceptive article fits this pattern. Terrorism is nearly always assumed to be unethical. Indeed, the very label "terrorism" has become a hostile judgement disguised as a description (Gearty, 1997). In conventional western accounts of terrorism, there is a double standard: only terrorism by nonstate groups or US-government-defined "rogue states" is counted. Sundhaussen, like other critics, instead adopts a definition that includes terrorism by dominant states, especially the United States. His next step is to focus on injustices …

Segmenting Markets By Bagged Clustering, Sara Dolnicar, Friedrich Leisch

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

We introduce bagged clustering as a new approach in the field of post hoc market segmentation research and illustrate the managerial advantages over both hierarchical and partitioning algorithms, especially with large binary data sets. The most important improvements are enhanced stability and interpretability of segments based on binary data. One of the main goals of the procedure is to complement more traditional techniques as an exploratory segment analysis tool. The merits of the approach are illustrated using a tourism marketing application.

An Exploratory Study Of Older Adults' Perceptions Of Dtca For Prescription Medications, Sandra C. Jones, Judy Mullan

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There are many arguments for and against Direct-To-Consumer-Advertising (DTCA) and their impact on the consumer. A study involving 97 older consumers was carried out to investigate their perceptions about long or short versions of written DTCA for arthritis or diabetes medication. The results indicate that even though the ads may improve doctor-patient discussion about medications, they would not necessarily empower them to make decisions. Some of the consumers also believed that DTCA might cause people to ask for inappropriate medicines, become confused and possibly stop seeking medical advice.

An Exploratory Study On The Effect Of Positive (Warmth Appeal) And Negative (Guilt Appeal) Print Imagery On Donation Behaviour In Animal Welfare, M. Haynes, Jennifer Thornton, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Very few studies in social marketing empirically compare the effectiveness of positive and negative appeals. This study examines the effect of positive (warmth appeal) and negative (guilt appeal) print imagery on donation behaviour to an animal welfare organisation. A quasiexperimental design was used to test the appeals, using a convenience sample of 282 university students, with each experimental group being exposed to only one type of appeal. The results indicated that negative imagery which evoked guilt was more effective than positive imagery which evoked warmth, on intention to donate money and time to the animal welfare organisation.

The Influence Of Magazine Advertising On Parents' Nutrition Ratings Of Food Products For Children, Christina Hoang, Sandra C. Jones, Jennifer Thornton

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Childhood obesity currently affects approximately 22 million children under the age of five worldwide (Rochinni, 2002) and its increasing prevalence in developed nations makes it one of the most common nutritional problems among children (Sorof and Stephen, 2002). A study was conducted to investigate parents’ health-related perceptions for a series of magazine advertisements for commonly advertised and popular children’s food products. The study revealed that confusion exists among parents and this was most evident in relation to the energy content of food products. Parents are important due to the instrumental role they play in their child’s nutrition - both as …

Geographical Or Behavioural Segmentation? The Pros And Cons For Destination Marketing, Sara Dolnicar, Friedrich Leisch

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Market segmentation is a widely applied concept in destination management. Although the general trend in tourism marketing research has constantly been developing toward data-driven (a posteriori, post-hoc) approaches, national tourism organisations (NTOs) still mostly use the commonsense (a priori) approach of geographical segmentation. This paper compares the advantages and drawbacks of both methods and illustrates some of them using a real empirical example.

Towards More Thorough Data-Driven Segmentation In Tourism - A Tracking Framework For Exploring Segment Development, Sara Dolnicar

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Market segmentation has become a standard concept in tourism marketing. A priori and a posteriori (data-driven, post-hoc) segmentation approaches enjoy high popularity among both practitioners and researchers. In order to optimise the market segmentation strategy it is not only necessary to identify relevant market segments, describe them, evaluate the match between corporate or destination strengths and segment needs but to understand how segments develop over time. This knowledge is typically accounted for when a priori segments are used. In the case of a posteriori segments, however, such trend tracking is neglected. In this paper a simple tracking framework is presented …

Tracking Data-Driven Market Segments, Sara Dolnicar

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Market segmentation has become a standard concept in tourism marketing. A priori and a posteriori (data-driven) segmentation approaches enjoy high popularity among both practitioners and researchers. In order to optimize the market segmentation strategy it is not only necessary to identify relevant market segments, describe them, evaluate the match between corporate or destination strengths and segment needs but also, to determine how segments develop over time. This knowledge is typically accounted for when a priori segments are used. In the case of a posteriori segments, however, such trend tracking is neglected. In this paper a tracking framework is presented that …

Support Or Spoon Feeding? Research Skills Training For First Year Marketing Students In A Large Class, S. R. Lambert, V. K. Yanamandram

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers

This paper describes the work done by the authors to develop and evaluate a new worksheet and quiz assessment developed to explicitly teach the skills required by marketing students to complete their studies and to be successful professional marketers. While concerns were raised in the teaching faculty that such interventions might amount to spoon feeding, the authors felt that there was sufficient evidence to suggest that such an activity was an effective learning support, especially in such a large first year class. Student survey results indicate that for many students the activity successfully taught a repeatable process of how to …

Minimizing Total Setup Cost For A Metal Casting Company, Xue-Ming Yuan, Hsien Hui Khoo, Trevor A. Spedding, Ian Bainbridge, David Taplin

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The optimizing sequence of production for a set of customer orders - in order to minimize machine set-up time and costs - is one of the typical problems found in many manufacturing systems. In this paper, we develop a simulation model to capture a practical system of a metal casting company in Queensland, Australia, and optimize the production sequence for a set of customer orders. The method addressed in the paper can be applied to other optimization problems in manufacturing industry.

The Causal Ordering Of Key Cross-Functional Relationship Dimensions: A Replication Study Using The Marketing/R&D Relationship, Elias Kyriazis, Graham Massey

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

How do working relationships between functional managers develop, and how are they maintained? Does interpersonal trust drive communication, or is communication the building block of interpersonal trust? Massey and Dawes (2002) examined the causal ordering of three key behavioural constructs - communication behaviours, interpersonal trust, and interpersonal conflict in cross-functional relationships between Marketing Managers and Sales Managers. By using three competing models they found evidence that CFRs are built on a foundation of effective communication, specifically, bidirectional communication. This current paper is a replication of their study in the context of the Marketing/R&D relationship during 184 Australian new product development …

Litho- And Chronostratigraphy Of Holocene Sedimentary Successions Preserved In Lake Illawarra, Nsw, Australia, Craig R. Sloss, Brian G. Jones, Colin V. Murray-Wallace

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Using a Holocene barrier estuary, Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia, as an example, a detailed litho- and chrono-stratigraphy of the Holocene estuarine deposits has been investigated. Forty kilometres of seismic surveys, 61 vibracores, supplemented by auger drill holes and trenches, and faunal analysis were used in this study. A detailed chronology of the infilling of the barrier estuary has been established using 121 aspartic acid derived ages and 14 radiocarbon ages. The results provide a detailed chronology for the deposition of marine transgressive deposits between ca. 8 and 5 ka years ago. Barrier growth, initiated with rising sea levels …

Trace Metals In Sediments From Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia, Bryan E. Chenhall, Brian G. Jones, Craig R. Sloss, Mark O'Donnell, Marrack Payne, Mark Murrie, David Garnett, Helen Waldron

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Sediments in Lake Illawarra have been investigated by deep and shallow coring to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the sediment-bound natural (background) and more recent (i.e., industrial era) trace metal concentrations. The distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn in the upper 20 cm of sediment is directly related to the proportion of mud-dominated sediment forming the central floor of the lake. Trace metal enrichment factors for Cu, Pb and Zn were generally less than 2.5 with the exception of the southern portion of Griffins Bay where the factors were greater than 1.8, 3.5 and 5.8 for Cu, Pb and Zn …

Full Term, Peri-Urban South African Infants Under Six Months Of Age Are At Risk For Early-Onset Anemia., Lindi Sibeko, Ma Dhansay, Karen E. Charlton, Timothy Johns, M Van Stuijvenberg, Katherine Gray-Donald

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: There is a paucity of data on the micronutrient status of low-income, lactating South African women and their infants under 6 months of age. The aim of this study was to elucidate the level of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in peri-urban breast-feeding women and their young infants.

Design: Cross-sectional study including anthropometric, biochemical and infant feeding data.

Setting: Peri-urban settlement in Cape Town, South Africa.

Subjects: Breast-feeding women (n = 113) and their infants (aged 1–6 months) attending a peri-urban clinic.

Results: Mean (standard deviation (SD)) haemoglobin (Hb) of the lactating mothers was 12.4 (1.3) gdl …

Sources And Credibility Of Nutrition Information Among Black Urban South African Women, With A Focus On Messages Related To Obesity., Karen E. Charlton, Philippa Brewitt, Lesley T. Bourne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives: (1) To identify the major sources of nutrition information, and the perceived credibility thereof, among urban black South African women; and (2) to determine the level of knowledge regarding nutrition, particularly regarding the topic of obesity. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study that was both qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (individual questionnaires). Three hundred and ninety-four black women aged 17-49 years were conveniently sampled from the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces in South Africa. Methods: Four focus groups were held with 39 women to identify common themes relating to nutrition knowledge. Based on these data, a questionnaire instrument was developed …

Wenlock (Early Silurian) Brachiopods From The Orane District Of New South Wales, Anthony J. Wright, Des L. Strusz

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Two late Wenlock (Early Silurian) brachiopod species from the Ulah Formation near Orange, New South Wales, are closely associated with graptolite faunas. Visbyella cumnockensis occurs in the testis Biozone on Wallace Creek in the Four Mile Creek area, and Strophochonetes melbournensis is recorded from the ludensis Biozone on Spring Creek. Poorly preserved but similar Visbyella? and Strophochonetes? From the Prídolí Wallace Shale at Cheesemans Creek are also illustrated. These occurrences provide significant new stratigraphic and distributional data for the species.

Early Silurian Graptolites From Cadia, New South Wales, R B. Rickards, Anthony J. Wright

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A low-diversity graptolite fauna is reported from the Ulah Formation at Cadia, central western New South Wales. The assemblage includes Testograptus testis, Monoclimacis flumendosae, fragments of Monograptus flemingii, possible Cyrtograptus and unidentifiable retiolitid meshworks, and is correlated with the lungrenitestis Biozone, of late Wenlock (Early Silurian) age.

Silicified Early Devonian Trilobites From Brogans Creek, New South Wales, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Anthony J. Wright

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Trilobites in an Emsian silicified fauna from the Carwell Creek Formation at Brogans Creek SE of Mudgee, NSW, include Acanthopyge (Jasperia) bifida, Dentaloscutellum hudsoni and Proetus nemus, all originally described from the Taemas area of NSW, together with Sthenarocalymene. Proetus nemus was known from limited material at Taemas, but is the most abundant species at Brogans Creek. Fuller description substantiates membership in Proetus (=Devonoproetus), rather than Ryckholtia, Longiproetus or Rhenocynproetus. Early ontogenetic stages of the trilobites are lacking at Brogans Creek, in contrast to Taemas. Conodonts co-occurring with the shelly fauna at Brogans Creek and at Taemas include Polygnathus nothoperbonus, …

Beta-2 Glycoprotein I And Its Role In Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Lessons From Knockout Mice, Spyridon Miyakis, Sarah A. Robertson, S A. Krilis

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the presence in serum of autoantibodies against h2GPI. Although the role of h2GPI in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is well recognized, its exact physiological functions still remain undisclosed. Several interactions of h2GPI with components of the coagulation cascade have been proposed, resulting in both procoagulant and anticoagulant effects. Additionally, h2GPI has been implicated in the mechanism of recurrent fetal loss entailed in APS. Recently, using a homologous recombination approach, reproduction of mice homozygous for deletion of the b2GPI gene has been feasible. h2GPI knockout mice offer a valuable tool for revealing …