Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Modelling Fire Weather And Fire Spread Rates For Two Bushfires Near Sydney, M S. Speer, L M. Leslie, R Morison, W Catchpole, Ross Bradstock, R Bunker

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The observed headfire rates of spread of two severe wildfires in heathlands near Sydney were compared with predictions made using a meteorological model to forecast wind speeds and a new simple empirical fire behaviour model that uses fuel height and wind speed at 2 m above ground to predict rate of spread. The predicted rates of spread, using both actual and predicted wind speeds, compared favourably with observed rates of spread averaged over 2 hours and 5.5 hours for the Bell Range and Royal National Park fires respectively.

The Common Ovine Shiga Toxin 2-Containing Escherichia Coli Serotypes And Human Isolates Of The Same Serotypes Possess A Stx2d Toxin Type, Vidiya Ramachandran, Michael A. Hornitzky, Karl A. Bettelheim, Mark J. Walker, Steven P. Djordjevic

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) has been reported as the main Shiga toxin associated with human disease. In addition, the Stx2 toxin type can have a profound impact on the degree of tissue damage in animal models. We have characterized the stx₂ subtype of 168 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates of which 146 were derived from ovine sources (principally feces and meat) and 22 were isolated from humans. The ovine STEC isolates were of serotypes that have been shown to occur commonly in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy sheep. The major stx₂ subtype in the ovine isolates was …

Identifying The Agricultural Imprint On The Global N2o Budget Using Stable Isotopes, T Perez, S E. Trumbore, S C. Tyler, P A. Matson, I Ortiz-Monasterio, T Rahn, D W T Griffith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Agricultural soils are the most important anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. We observed large shifts with time in the emission rate (from 170 to 16 ng N cm⁻² h⁻¹) and in δ¹⁵N of N₂O emitted (from −46‰ to +5‰ relative to atmospheric N₂) from a urea-fertilized and irrigated agricultural field in Mexico. We calculated overall instantaneous enrichment factors for the sampling period, which suggest that the microbial N₂O production shifts from nitrification (week 1) to denitrification (week 2). Isotopic signatures of N₂O emissions were …

Cumulenic And Heterocumulenic Anions: Potential Interstellar Species?, Stephen J. Blanksby, Andrew M. Mcanoy, Suresh Dua, John H. Bowie

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A recent theoretical investigation by Terzieva & Herbst of linear carbon chains, C_n where n ≥ 6, in the interstellar medium has shown that these species can undergo efficient radiative association to form the corresponding anions. An experimental study by Barckholtz, Snow & Bierbaumof these anions has demonstrated that they do not react efficiently with molecular hydrogen, leading to the possibility of detectable abundances of cumulene-type anions in dense interstellar and circumstellar environments. Here we present a series of electronic structure calculations which examine possible anionic candidates for detection in these media, namely the anion analogues of the previously …

South African Food-Based Dietary Guidelines: Testing Of The Preliminary Guidelines Among Women In Kwazulu-Natal And The Western Cape, P Love, E Maunder, M Green, F Ross, J Smale-Lovely, K Charlton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim. To assess the appropriateness of the preliminary South African food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) as a nutrition education tool for women in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and the Western Cape (WC) in terms of comprehension, interpretation and implementation. Methods. This was a qualitative study using focus group discussions. Focus groups were held in five magisterial districts within KZN, and the Cape Town metropolitan area of the WC, to evaluate the comprehensibility and applicability of the FBDGs. Groups were randomly selected according to settlement type (non-urban, urban informal, urban formal) and ethnicity (black, coloured (of mixed origin), Indian, white) to reflect the KZN …

Lessons From The Front: Ngos And The Fight Against Hiv/Aids In South Africa, Brian G. Williams, Eleanor Gouws, Janet Frohlich, Catherine Campbell, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

More than a decade after HIV became established in South Africa's general population, the unity of purpose and commitment needed to limit and reverse the spread of infection is still lacking. Social leaders and "celebrities" are, with some notable exceptions such as Judge Edwin Cameron, unwilling to admit they are infected with HIV. The government argues for the importance of taking a broad view of the social contexts of the epidemic by embracing poverty, inequality and the legacy of Apartheid. Some large corporations are considering the consequences of the epidemic, but their attitude to it remains ambivalent. Echoing the history …

International Patterns Of Teacher Discontent, Catherine Scott, Barbara Stone, Stephen Dinham

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article reports the results of research into the career motivation and satisfaction of a sample of over 3,000 teachers and school administrators in four countries: Australia, New Zealand, England, and the USA. Using the participants' own words, we explore the effects on educators of recent international educational change, understood here as a subcategory of more general social trends. Bourdieu's concepts of the Right and Left Hands of the state are used to interpret the experience of teaching in a climate where, while more is expected and demanded of schools, and schools and teachers are scrutinised as never before, educational …

Offender Risk And Needs Assessment: Some Current Issues And Suggestions, Mitchell K. Byrne, Stuart Byrne, Katherine Hillman, Emma Stanley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Crime impacts upon the community at multiple levels, causing distress and loss for the victims, and feelings of insecurity for the public, as well as adding to the drain on financial resources for governments. This makes the accurate identification of risk of reoffending and the determination of efficacious rehabilitation strategies imperative. Key principles in cognitive and behavioural psychology can contribute to this task. This paper will review the issue of risk assessment and describe the applicability of functional analysis to forensic psychology. Two studies by the authors will be used to illustrate concepts raised in this review. The paper will …

Pilot-Scale Testing Of Diatomaceous Earth Filtration For Removal Of Cryptosporidium Oocysts, Jerry E. Ongerth, Primrose E. Hutton

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

No abstract provided.

Numerical Investigation Of The Angle Of Repose Of Monosized Spheres, Y C. Zhou, B H. Xu, Aibing Yu, Paul Zulli

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper presents a numerical study of the angle of repose, a most important macroscopic parameter in characterizing granular materials, by means of a modified distinct element method. Emphasis is given to the effect of variables related to factors such as particle characteristics, material properties, and geometrical constraints. The results show that sliding and rolling frictions are the primary reasons for the formation of a sandpile; particle size and container thickness significantly influence the angle of repose; and the angle of repose is not so sensitive to density, Poisson's ratio, damping coefficient, and Young's modulus. Increasing rolling friction coefficient or …

A Test Of The Renewable Resources Model Of Multiple Gains And Multiple Losses, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Eight choice scenarios were used to test Linville and Fischer's (1991) Renewable Resources Model, which predicts that people will prefer to separate multiple gains over time and also to separate multiple losses over time, the latter prediction being contrary to Kahneman and Tversky's (1979) Prospect Theory. The Renewable Resources Model was tested under conditions that, theoretically, should enhance the dual separation outcomes. However, in seven of the eight choice scenarios, complete reversals of these outcomes were observed B that is, the participants in the experiments preferred to combine multiple gains and to combine multiple losses. Explanations of these unexpected results …

Pure Type Systems With More Liberal Rules, Martin W. Bunder, Wil Dekkers

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Pure Type Systems. PTSs, introduced as a generalisation of the type systems of Barendregt's lambda-cube, provide a foundation for actual proof assistants, aiming at the mechanic verification of formal proofs. In this paper we consider simplifications of some of the rules of PTSs. This is of independent interest for PTSs as this produces more flexible PTS-like systems, but it will also help, in a later paper, to bridge the gap between PTSs and systems of Illative Combinatory Logic.

First we consider a simplification of the start and weakening rules of PTSs. which allows contexts to be sets of statements, and …

A General Projection Framwork For Constrained Smoothing, E Mammen, J S. Marron, B A. Turlach, M P. Wand

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

There are a wide array of smoothing methods available for finding structure in data. A general framework is developed which shows that many of these can be viewed as a projection of the data, with respect to appropriate norms. The underlying vector space is an unusually large product space, which allows inclusion of a wide range of smoothers in our setup (including many methods not typically considered to be projections). We give several applications of this simple geometric interpretation of smoothing. A major payoff is the natural and computationally frugal incorporation of constraints. Our point of view also motivates new …

Filamentary Shell Structures From The Aao/Ukst Ha Survey, Andrew Walker, William Zealey, Q A. Parker

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Here we present the first results of a search for new optical supernova remnant candidates and other filamentary objects on films produced by the Anglo-Australian Observatory/UK Schmidt Telescope Há Survey. Sixty-one fields, or 26% of the Galactic plane survey fields, have been visually examined. This has resulted in the detection of four newlarge diameter filamentary structures, and the discovery of extensive new optical emission in two previously known optical supernova remnant candidates.

Liberation, Commodity Culture And Community In "The Golden Age Of Promiscuity", Guy R. Davidson

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This essay examines the literal choreography of gay identity in the bars and discos of 1970s America.

Issues In Electronic Scholarly Editions: Has Hypertext Made An Honest Woman Of Us At Last?, Graham Barwell, Phillip Berrie, Paul Eggert, Chris Tiffin

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

There have been at least three significant attempts in the last fifty years to comprehend what exactly is this text thing that we scholarly editors and textual critics work with. The initial wave was the Greg-Bowers New Bibliography which tried conscientiously to use all surviving witnesses as forensic evidence to reconstruct the author's intention. The text according to this view was ultimately a product of volition, and the task of the textual critic was a recuperative psycho-historico-linguistic one. The second attempt was marked by Continental inclusiveness and semiotic despair at identifying a single stable authoritative version. This despair produced the …

Defining Genocide: Defining History?, Deborah Mayersen

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Defining 'genocide' has been a contentious task for historians. Many eminent scholars have argued that it is most useful to work with the legal definition of genocide accepted by the United Nations in 1948, and upon which the Convention on the Prevention and the Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was established. Others have proposed that an alternative definition, broader and less legalistic than the UN definition, would be more useful. However, it is clear on both sides of the debate that it is a choice loaded with consequence. Historians who accept the legal definition of genocide as most appropriate …

Enjoying 'Reality Tv', Ian Buchanan

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Big Brother, Boot Camp, Castaway, Shipwrecked, and the oh-so-glamorous Survivor, how much 'Reality TV' can we stand? More to the point, why do we want any of it? In other words, why do any of these shows even exist, what fantasy need do they fulfil? The temptation to invoke 'voyeurism' at this point is almost irresistible and is to be resisted for precisely that reason; the ease with which it seems to answer the questions begged by 'Reality TV' should be sufficient to alert us that it is what de Certeau calls a 'black sun', that is, something which however …

Benang: From The Heart: 'I Found Myself Among Paper', Lisa Slater

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In his first novel True Country. Kim Scon esrablished himself as a writer who is determi ned to investigate the continued traumatic effects of colonial violence. Harley, the protagonist of Scott's second novel Benang: from the Heart (thc co-winner of the Miles Franklin award), takes up a pen in response to reductionist assimilationist records. He states: But I found myself among paper, words not formed by an intention corresponding to my own, and I read a world weak in creative spirit.

On The Soft X-Ray Spectrum Of Cooling Flows, A C. Fabian, R F. Mushotzky, Paul E. J Nulsen, J R. Peterson

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Strong evidence for cooling flows has been found in low-resolution X-ray imaging and spectra of many clusters of galaxies. However, high-resolution X-ray spectra of several clusters from the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on XMM-Newton now show a soft X-ray spectrum inconsistent with a simple cooling flow. The main problem is a lack of the emission lines expected from gas cooling below 1–2 keV. Lines from gas at about 2–3 keV are observed, even in a high-temperature cluster such as A1835, indicating that gas is cooling down to about 2–3 keV, but is not found at lower temperatures. Here we discuss several …

Asca And Rosat Observations Of Nearby Cluster Cooling Flows, S W. Allen, A C. Fabian, R M. Johnstone, K A. Arnaud, Paul E J Nulsen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We present a detailed analysis of the X-ray properties of the cooling flows in a sample of nearby, X-ray-bright clusters of galaxies using high-quality ASCA spectra and ROSAT X-ray images. We demonstrate the need for multiphase models to consistently explain the spectral and imaging X-ray data for the clusters. The mass deposition rates of the cooling flows, independently determined from the ASCA spectra and ROSAT images, exhibit reasonable agreement. We confirm the presence of intrinsic X-ray absorption in the clusters using a variety of spectral models. We also report detections of 100-μm infrared emission, spatially coincident with the cooling flows, …

Springtime Enhancement Of Upper Tropospheric Aerosol At 45s, J Ben Liley, James M. Rosen, Norman T. Kjome, Nicholas Jones, Curtis P. Rinsland

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Monthly sonde data for Lauder in Central Otago, New Zealand show profiles of aerosol backscatter from the surface to over 30 km altitude. The tropospheric data vary by season, with greater aerosol backscatter throughout the free troposphere in springtime. Aerosol mixing ratios in layers in the upper troposphere at these times are often much higher than anywhere else above the boundary layer, suggesting that they arise from horizontal transport. Ozone measurements from the sonde show correspondence in vertical structure to the backscatter data and also seasonal enhancement. The latter correlates with aerosol, but competing causes of ozone enhancement make the …

Indole Derivatives From The Egg Masses Of Muricid Molluscs, Kirsten Benkendorff, John B. Bremner, Andrew R. Davis

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A range of brominated indole derivatives were found in the egg masses of six species of muricid molluscs. Several non-brominated indoles were also present in the eggs of two Mediterranean Muricidae, although these were not found in the Australian species. Tyrindoleninone (3), was the only compound found in all six species and is likely to be responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity of these muricid egg masses [1,2]. These bioactive indoles appear to be characteristic of muricid egg masses and were not found in the egg masses from 17 species in different families of marine molluscs.

The Natural History Of Hiv/Aids In A Major Goldmining Centre In South Africa: Results Of A Biomedical And Social Survey, D Gilgen, Brian G. Williams, Catherine L. Mac Phail, C J. Van Dam, Catherine Campbell, R C. Ballard, D Taljaard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper presents the results of a cross-sectional biomedical and social survey, conducted in a major goldmining centre with a high prevalence of HIV infection. It also provides the baseline data for a comprehensive intervention programme. Our sample comprised a stratified random group of migrant mineworkers and of the resident adult population living in the community close to the mines and a small convenience sample of sex workers. In total, 2231 people between 13 and 59 years of age were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering a wide range of psychological, behavioural and social issues. Blood and urine samples were …

What Do I Do With The Rest Of The Class? The Nature Of Teaching Learning Activities, Brian L. Cambourne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cambourne discusses using teaching-learning activities that revolve around the use of small groups. He relates how teachers can keep the rest of their class productively engaged in learning as the teacher works with individuals or small groups.

Environmental Accounting And Accountability: Can The Opaque Be Transparent?, Jane Andrew

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Accounting and the environment can no longer be considered mutually exclusive. Accountability forms part of the philosophical justifications for current accounting practice, and as such, it is a concept that may provide a pivotal grounding upon which environmental issues may be recognised within its practice. This paper examines the radical possibilities of environmental accountability, the contribution that this could make to a new practice of accounting and ultimately, a pathway out of the environmental crisis that could be forged by such changes. Central to the development of the ideas within this work is a critique of the relationship between accountability …

A Panel-Data Study Of The Effect Of Student Attendance On University Performance, Joan R. Rodgers

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The literature indicates that absenteeism from university classes is a common phenomenon in Australia and North America. Whether this constitutes a problem from society’s point of view depends upon whether absenteeism has a detrimental effect on student learning. Several authors in the economics discipline have argued the affirmative although none has established a causal linkage using experimental data and appropriate statistical analysis. The study reported here used panel data on business and economics students in an introductory statistics class at an Australian university to estimate the effect of attendance on performance. The methodology takes account of unobserved heterogeneity among students …

The Kyoto Protocol: Will Cheaters Prosper?, Jane Andrew

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Environmental accounting researchers need to be involved in the formulation of national and international greenhouse gas policy in order to help ensure that there is an acceptable level of international accountability for actions that have climatic affects. This paper discusses the role of accounting within these debates.

Intersections: A Transdisciplinary Approach To Media, Identity And Place, Tanja Dreher

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines Cabramatta as an intersection of many cultural flows and diverse experiences and argues for a transdisciplinary approach and a focus on place to adequately grasp and analyse the comlexity of media and social relations in culturally diverse contexts.

"Perfume", Su Ballard

Faculty of Creative Arts - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.