Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

East Salt Sparingly - Sprinkle, Don't Shake!, K E. Charlton, P L. Jooste

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The salt-blood pressure hypothesis states that an excessive salt intake leads to an increase in blood pressure in genetically susceptible persons and, if high intake is maintained long term, ultimately leads to sustained hypertension. It is estimated that about 3.3 million South Africans (12.6% and 16.3% of adult men and women, respectively) are hypertensive. However, not all subjects within a particular population respond equally to exposure to high-salt diets. Methods to identify those who are 'salt sensitive' remain in the research domain; therefore a population approach to the restriction of dietary salt intake is warranted. The message to 'eat salt …

Silurian Biostratigraphy Of The Cadia Area, South Of Orange, New South Wales, R B. Rickards, Ian G. Percival, A J. Simpson, Anthony J. Wright

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

New Silurian fossil discoveries in the vicinity of Cadi a Mine indicate ages younger than shown on recent maps. Limestone, intersected in drill core immediately above an unconformable contact with Late Ordovician volcanics of the mine sequence, yielded an early Wenlock conodont fauna including Prerospathodus amorphognathoides. P procerus and P. rhodesi, together with Kockelella ramdiformis. A diverse shelly fauna of late Wenlock to early Ludlow aspect, dominated by brachio pods, is present in a slumped mudstone on the mine access road. South of the mine, in Rodds Creek valley, Silurian rocks are shown to occur as infaulted slices along the …

Putting The Wood Back Into Our Rivers: An Experiment In River Rehabilitation, Andrew P. Brooks, Tim B. Abbe, John Jansen, Matt Taylor, Christopher J. Gippel

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This paper presents an overview of a project established to assess the effectiveness of woody debris (WD) reintroduction as a river rehabilitation tool. An outline of an experiment is presented that aims to develop and assess the effectiveness of engineered log jams (ELJs) under Australian conditions, and to demonstrate the potential for using a range of ELJs to stabilise a previously de-snagged, high energy gravel-bed channel. Furthermore, the experiment will test the effectiveness of a reach based rehabilitation strategy to increase geomorphic variability and hence habitat diversity. While primarily focusing on the geomorphic and engineering aspects of the rehabilitation strategy, …

Mesospheric Temperatures From Observations Of The Hydroxyl (6-2) Emission Above Davis, Antarctica: A Comparison Of Rotational And Doppler Measurements, J L. Innis, Frances Phillips, G B. Burns, P A. Greet, W J R French, P L. Dyson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We present observations of the hydroxyl (6–2) airglow lines from ~ 87 km altitude obtained at Davis station, Antarctica, in the austral winter of 1999. Nine nights of observations were made of the P-branch near λ840 nm with a Czerny-Turner scanning spectrometer (CTS); at the same time, high-resolution Fabry-Perot Spectrometer (FPS) spectra were collected of the Q₁(1) doublet at λ834 nm. Rotational temperatures were determined from the CTS observations, while Doppler temperatures were derived from the line-widths of the FPS Q₁(1) spectra. Absolute temperatures determined by these methods are uncertain by ~ 2 and ~ 20 …

New Insights Into Deformation And Fluid Flow Processes In The Nankai Trough Accretionary Prism: Results Of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 190, Gregory F. Moore, Asahiko Taira, Adam Klaus, Luann Becker, Babette Boeckel, Barry A. Cragg, Allison Dean, Chris L. Fergusson, Pierre Henry, Satoshi Hirano, Toshio Hisamitsu, Sabine Hunze, Miriam Kastner, Alex J. Maltman, Julia K. Morgan, Yuki Murakami, Demian M. Saffer, Mario Sanchez-Gomez, Elizabeth J. Screaton, David C. Smith, Arthur J. Spivack, Joan Steurer, Harold J. Tobin, Kohtaro Ujiie, Michael B Underwood, Moyra Wilson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Nankai Trough accretionary prism is considered an “end-member” prism accreting a coarse terrigenous sediment section in a setting with structural simplicity, unparalleled resolution by seismic and other geophysical techniques, and large historic earthquakes. It therefore has been the focus of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drilling to address several unresolved questions concerning accretionary processes and prism evolution. At six sites cored along two transects across the Nankai Trough accretionary prism during ODP Leg 190, lithostratigraphy and sediment diagenesis vary markedly. For the first time, reference sites at the seaward ends of the two transects defined the stratigraphic framework of the …

Correlation Of Aerosol And Carbon Monoxide At 45 S: Evidence Of Biomass Burning Emissions, Nicholas Jones, Curtis P. Rinsland, J Ben Liley, Jim Rosen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Altitude profiles of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and aerosols have been compared from the Network for Stratospheric Change (NDSC) mid-latitude southern hemisphere site at Lauder, New Zealand. The CO mixing ratio profile was derived from infrared spectra recorded with a very high resolution Fourier Transform interferometer using three lines of the (1–0) band between 2057 and 2160 cm⁻¹. The aerosol surface area was derived from balloon-borne backscatter radiation at 940 nm. Both datasets show significant enhancements occurring over the observation site in the austral spring. When displayed together their combined effect illustrates the close correlation between CO and aerosols. …

Characterization Of The Domain Of Fibronectin-Binding Protein Of I Of Streptococcus Pyogenes Responsible For Elicitation Of A Protective Immune Response, Kai Schulze, Eva Medina, Susanne R. Talay, Rebecca J. Towers, Gursharan S. Chhatwal, Carlos A. Guzman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Fibronectin-binding protein I (SfbI) represents a major adhesin ofStreptococcus pyogenes. Mice were intranasally immunized with recombinant proteins spanning different portions of SfbI to identify the minimal fragment able to elicit a protective response against a lethal challenge with S. pyogenes. The strongest cellular responses and the highest levels of antigen-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) were detected in mice immunized with the fibronectin-binding region of SfbI. In contrast, animals vaccinated with a polypeptide spanning the aromatic and proline-rich regions showed the highest titers and fastest IgG response in serum. Vaccination with either SfbI without a membrane anchor and …

Ground-Based Measurements Of Tropospheric Co, C2h6, And Hcn From Australia At 34 S Latitude During 1997-1998, Curtis P. Rinsland, Arndt Meier, D W T Griffith, Linda S. Chiou

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

High spectral resolution (0.004 cm⁻¹) infrared solar absorption measurements of CO, C₂H₆, and HCN have been recorded with the Fourier transform spectrometer located at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change complementary station at the University of Wollongong, Australia (34.45°S, 150.88°E, 30 m above sea level). The time series covers March 1997 to February 1998. Profile retrievals with maximum sensitivity in the upper troposphere show distinct seasonal cycles for all three molecules with maxima during October-December 1997. Best fits to the time series of daily averages yield peak 0.03–14 km columns (molecules cm …

Initial Studies On Alkaloids From Lombok Medicinal Plants, Surya Hadi, John B. Bremner

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Initial investigation of medicinal plants from Lombok has resulted in the collection of 100 plant species predicted to have antimicrobial, including antimalarial, properties according to local medicinal uses. These plants represent 49 families and 80 genera; 23% of the plants tested positively for alkaloids. Among the plants testing positive, five have been selected for further investigation involving structure elucidation and antimicrobial testing on the extracted alkaloids. Initial work on structural elucidation of some of the alkaloids is reported briefly.

Psychological Problems In New Zealand Primary Health Care: A Report On The Pilot Phase Of The Mental Health And General Practice Investigation (Magpie), John Bushnell, Deborah Mcleod, A D. Dowell, C Salmond, S Ramage, S Collings, University Of Otago, Marjan Kljakovic, L Mcbain

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim. To carry out a pilot study in two regions in order to investigate prevalence of psychological problems in primary care in New Zealand. Method. General Practitioners (GPs) within two geographic regions were randomly selected. All adult attenders at their practice on selected days were administered a short questionnaire, the GHQ-12, which assesses the presence of psychological symptoms. The GP recorded the reasons for each consultation, and was interviewed at the end of each day about selected patients, to determine their opinion about the type of psychological problems experienced. Results. Three-quarters of selected GPs (76%) agreed to participate. 96% of …

Detection Of P2x Purinergic Receptors On Human B Lymphocytes, Ronald Sluyter, J A. Barden, James Wiley

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

B lymphocytes are known to synthesise the P2X(7) subtype of the P2X purinergic receptor family; however, the identification of the other six P2X subtypes on these cells has been limited by the absence of specific antibodies. In this study, we used a panel of anti-P2X polyclonal antibodies and confocal microscopy to examine the presence of each P2X receptor on human B lymphocytes. We observed that P2X(1), P2X(2), P2X(4) and P2X(7) subtypes, but not P2X(3), P2X(5) and P2X(6) subtypes, are present on B lymphocytes.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Biomolecular Systems, Wilfred Van Gunsteren, Dirk Bakowies, Roland Buergi, Indira Chandrasekhar, Markus Christen, Xavier Daura, Peter Gee, Alice Glaettli, Tomas Hansson, Chris Oostenbrink, Christine Peter, Jed Pitera, Lukas Schuler, Thereza Soares, Haibo Yu

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The group for computer-aided chemistry at the ETH Zurich focuses its research on the development of methodology to simulate the behavior of biomolecular systems and the use of simulation techniques to analyze and understand biomolecular processes at the atomic level. Here, the current research directions are briefly reviewed and illustrated with a few examples.

Conducting Polymer-Carbon Nanotubes Composites, May Tahhan, N. Barisci, Gordon G. Wallace

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

During the course of this work, three different approaches to the formation of conducting polymer/carbon nanotube (CP/CNT) composites were investigated. The first approach involved the preparation of CNT dispersions using Poly methoxy aniline-5-sulfonic acid (PMAS) as a stabilizer. The second approach investigated involved the use of CNT as the dopant in the electropolymerization of CPs. The third approach involved the electrochemical deposition of a thin polymer film onto the surface of CNT paper. These CNT/CP composites were characterized to determine capacitance, conductivity and mechanical strength.

Phinocytic Loading Of Cytochrome C Into Intact Cells Specifically Induces Caspase-Dependent Permeabilization Of Mitochondria: Evidence For A Cytochrome C Feedback Loop, K. J. Gilmore, H. E. Quinn, M. R. Wilson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Previous studies introduced cytochrome c into intact cells via the disruptive techniques of microinjection or electroporation to provide support for the hypothesis that, in whole cells, cytochrome c release from mitochondria triggers caspase activation and other degradative changes. However, the types of measurements that could be undertaken with these techniques was limited. We used the simple and relatively gentle technique of pinocytic loading to demonstrate that, in intact cells, cytosolic cytochrome c specifically induced activation of caspase-3- and -9-like enzymes, and a loss of mitochondrial polarization coincident with an increase in mitochondrial permeability. Our results support the prediction from in …

The Application Of Coupled Bolts In Managing Adverse Horizontal Stress Conditions At Oaky Creek Coal, Justine D. Calleja

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Development drivage of Tailgate 21 commenced in May 2000. Difficult roof conditions associated with the splitting of the G ply coal away from the immediate seam into the roof were anticipated. 4.1m Coupled Bolts were considered to be a potentially cheaper and more effective reinforcement system than long tendon cables for these conditions. Coupled bolts have been used very effectively in similar conditions at Alliance Colliery. Coupled bolts were trialed for the first time at Oaky No. 1 between 18-19c/t TG21 where the interburden thickness between the roof and the G Ply seam split was between 1.4m and 4m. Indicators …

Believability Of Anti-Drug Advertising As A Function Of Marijuana Usage Experience, Sandra C. Jones, John R. Rossiter

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Marijuana use is on the increase in Australia, particularly among teenagers. Information dissemination is likely to become the main vehicle for minimizing the harms associated with marijuana use, so there is a clear need to develop informative and convincing communication strategies to target young (potential and incipient) marijuana users. However, the Federal Government’s “zero tolerance” approach to drug use is accompanied by anti-drug messages that may lack credibility with young people who already use, or have used, marijuana. Cognitive dissonance theory, as well as research with warning labels on other products such as cigarettes, suggests that young people who currently …

Sleep: Ghostwriting, Su Ballard

Faculty of Creative Arts - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

A Hierarchical Classifier For Multispectral Satellite Imagery, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this article, a hierarchical classifier is proposed for classification of ground-cover types of a satellite image of Kangaroo Island, South Australia. The image contains seven ground-cover types, which are categorized into three groups using principal component analysis. The first group contains clouds only, the second consists of sea and cloud shadow over land, and the third contains land and three types of forest. The sea and shadow over land classes are classified with 99% accuracy using a network of threshold logic units. The land and forest classes are classified by multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) using texture features and intensity values. …

Does The Model Matter For Greg Estimation? A Business Survey Example, Dan Hedlin, Hannah Falvey, Raymond Chambers, Phillip Kokic

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Although asymptotically design-unbiased, GREG estimators may produce bad estimates. The article examines the behaviour of GREG estimators when the underlying models are misspecified. It shows how an efficient GREG estimator was found for a business survey that posed some problems. The work involved data exploration in several steps, combined with analyses of g-weights, residuals and standard regression diagnostics. We discuss two diagnostics for whether a GREG estimate is reasonable or not. A common justification for the use of GREG estimators is that, being asymptotically design unbiased, they are relatively robust to model choice. However, we show that the property of …

Wiener Model Identification And Predictive Control For Dual Composition Control Of A Distillation Column, H H J Bloemen, C T. Chou, T J J Van Den Boom, V Verdult, M Verhaegen, T C. Backx

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The benefits of using the Wiener model based identification and control methodology presented in this paper, compared to linear techniques, are demonstrated for dual composition control of a moderate-high purity distillation column simulation model. An identification experiment design is presented which enables one to identify both the low and high gain directions of the distillation column, properties which are important for control and hard to identify in a conventional identification experiment setup as is demonstrated in the paper. Data from the proposed experiment design is used for indirect closed-loop identification of both a linear and a Wiener model, which shows …

Mat: A Mobile Agent System For Supporting Autonomous Mobile Agents, Wei Li, Minjie Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Mobile Agent Template (MAT) is a mobile agent system that is under study and development at the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and sponsored by the University of Wollongong, Australia. MAT is not an alternative to other mobile agent systems, but is an agent system that can provide the autonomy to mobile agents. MAT tries to support new Web applications, such as the mobile computation, by autonomous and mobile agents. Mobile Thread Programming Model (MTPM), Distributed Task Plan (DTP) and Active State Space (ASS) are integral components on which MAT is constructed. Integration of these three components …

Existence Of Positive Solutions Of Some Semilinear Elliptic Equations With Singular Coefficients, Nirmalendu Chaudhuri, Mythily Ramaswamy

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

No abstract provided.

Multifibre Spectroscopy Of The Supernova Remnant Candidate Rcw 114, Andrew Walker, William Zealey

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

RCW 114 is a filamentary nebula of about 250 arcmin diameter. Based on its large diameter-to-filament-width ratio, the expansion velocity, distance and size of the shell, it has been suggested that RCW 114 is a supernova remnant in its momentum-conserving phase. Confirmation of this identification is important, as the large angular size and extensive optical emission of this object will allow for detailed study to improve our knowledge of supernova remnants and their interaction with the interstellar medium.

We have used the FLAIR instrument on the UK Schmidt Telescope to obtain optical spectra of several filaments in RCW 114. These …

Chandra X-Ray Observations Of The 3c 295 Cluster Core, S W. Allen, G B. Taylor, Paul E J Nulsen, R M. Johnstone, L P. David, S Ettori, A C. Fabian, W R. Forman, C Jones, B Mcnamara

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We examine the properties of the X-ray gas in the central regions of the distant (z=0.46), X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies surrounding the powerful radio source 3C 295, using observations made with the Chandra Observatory. Between radii of 50 and 500 kpc, the cluster gas is approximately isothermal with an emission-weighted temperature, kT∼5 keV. Within the central 50-kpc radius this value drops to kT∼3.7 keV. The spectral and imaging Chandra data indicate the presence of a cooling flow within the central 50-kpc radius of the cluster, with a mass deposition rate of approximately 280 M_{⊙ …}

The Soft X-Ray Background: Evidence For Widespread Disruption Of The Gas Haloes Of Galaxy Groups, K K S Wu, A C. Fabian, Paul E. J Nulsen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Almost all of the extragalactic X-ray background (XRB) at 0.25 keV can be accounted for by radio-quiet quasars, allowing us to derive an upper limit of 4 keV cm⁻² s⁻¹ sr⁻¹ keV⁻¹ for the remaining background at 0.25 keV. However, the XRB from the gas haloes of groups of galaxies, with gas removal resulting from cooling accounted for, exceeds this upper limit by an order of magnitude if non-gravitational heating is not included. We calculate this using simulations of halo merger trees and realistic gas density profiles, which we require to reproduce the observed gas fractions …

Values Of Minors Of An Infinite Family Of D-Optimal Designs And Their Application To The Growth Problem, C Koukouvinos, M Mitrouli, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of Malnutrition Screening And Assessment By Dietitians: Malnutrition Exists In Acute And Rehabilitation Settings, Eleanor Beck, Mandy Carrie, Kelly Lambert, Shellie Mason, Marianna Milosavljevic, Craig Patch

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The prevalence of malnutrition within hospital settings is a major concern to all health care workers. The recent development of a simple screening tool for use in such settings has increased the opportunity to identify at-risk patients in a reasonable time frame during their admission. This paper outlines the implementation of a routine nutrition screening and assessment, performed completely by dietitians, across both acute and rehabilitation settings. Dietitians were able to screen, on average, 72% of eligible patients, which ensured timely dietetic intervention. The routine malnutrition screening and assessment process highlighted differences (P < 0.01) in the rates of malnutrition between the acute wards (range 7 to 14%) and rehabilitation ward (49%). Significant differences between acute and rehabilitation patients were also found within the majority of individual diagnostic groups, including all surgery, fractures, cardiovascular incidents and respiratory illness (P < 0.01). The identification of rates of malnutrition between different wards, diagnoses and institutional settings provides dietetic managers with a sophisticated tool that can assist in the allocation of dietetic resources. This operational framework for routine screening of nutritionally at-risk patients in hospital, enables dietitians to develop patient outcomes and an effective nutrition care model.

John's $12 Tonic: Press Coverage Of The Government's Selling Of A Private Health Insurance Rebate, Stacy M. Carter, Simon Chapman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To document representations of the 1998 introduction of a 30% rebate on private health insurance in the three most-read daily Sydney newspapers. Methods: Thematic frame analysis of 131 newspaper articles. Results: The rebate was opposed through two frames: that it was ineffective and unfair, and that it was politically motivated. Four supportive frames were more complex: the rebate was justified by claims that public health care was collapsing, that responsible citizens should pay for their own health care, and that individuals would benefit financially. There was also a focus on the political battle in the Senate. The newspaper with …

Kidsmart: The Phase 1 Uk Evaluation 2000-2001, John Siraj-Blatchford, Iram Siraj-Blatchford

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

As the first phase of their Kidsmart programme in the UK, IBM donated a total of 27 of their Young Explorer Early Learning Centres, complete with Edmark educational software to 14 nurseries in 1999. These Early Learning Centres were initially developed by Little Tykes to serve the needs of 3 to 7 year olds and the Kidsmart aim has been to support early childhood educators in their efforts to apply this new technology to stimulate the development of children's social and cognitive skills. The UK initiative has also involved the British Association for Early Childhood Education (Early Education), who have …

Perceptual Grouping In Two Visually Reliant Species: Humans (Homo Sapiens) And Australian Sea Lions (Neophoca Cinerea), Darren Burke, Paul Everingham, Tracey Rogers, Melinda Hinton, Sophie Hall-Aspland

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Kurylo, van Nest, and Knepper (1997 Journal of Comparative Psychology 111 126 - 134) have recently shown that hooded rats are able to judge the global orientation of an array of elements if orientation is signalled by the perceptual-grouping principle of proximity, but not if it is signalled by element alignment. Using a procedure designed to overcome some potential problems with the experiment of Kurylo et al, we found the same distinction in the perceptual processing of Australian sea lions. The sea lions were able to judge the orientation of arrays containing strong proximity and similarity information, but performed at …