Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

'I Think Condoms Are Good But, Aai, I Hate Those Things': Condom Use Among Adolescents And Young People In A Southern African Township, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Catherine Campbell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Levels of heterosexually transmitted HIV infection are high amongst South African youth, with one recent survey reporting levels of 18.9% amongst 17-20 year olds and 43.1% amongst 21-25 year olds. In these groups levels of knowledge about HIV are high, but perceived vulnerability and reported condom use are low. Much existing research into youth HIV in developing countries relies on survey measures which use individual knowledge, attitudes and reported behaviour as variables in seeking to explain HIV transmission amongst this group. This paper reports on a focus group study that seeks to complement existing individual-level quantitative findings with qualitative findings …

Human-Induced Stresses On Mangrove Swamps Along The Kenyan Coast, P. A. O. Abuodha, J. G. Kairo

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Mangroves form important ecosystems in Kenya's coastal areas. They produce goods and services that are of environmental, ecological and economic importance to human society. However, mangroves are under continuing pressure from anthropogenic disturbances. A particular concern has been the clearing of mangrove areas to reclaim land for other uses such as aquaculture, salt manufacture, agriculture and housing. About 10 000 ha of mangrove areas have been cleared for salt manufacture between Ngomeni and Karawa, while in Lamu, close to 100 ha of mangrove forest was killed by dredged-up sediment that was deposited during the construction of the Mokowe sea jet. …

Screening For Prostate Cancer: A Consideration Of Screening Factors In Comparison To Screening For Breast Cancer, S Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cancer is a leading cause of death in developed countries; 27 per cent of all Australian deaths are due to cancer, with 35,000 people dying annually. Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer amongst men in most Western countries. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women aged over 30 years, and causes the highest proportion of cancer deaths in women. At present in Australia there is a debate about the public health value of screening for prostate cancer. This paper examines the issues that must be weighed up in reaching a conclusion to this debate, by …

The Unilearning Project: Online Academic Learning Support, Edwina Pollock, Neil Trivett, Janice Skillen, Alisa Percy, Bronwyn James

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers

The Unilearning project has developed a website that provides students with academic writing and study skills instruction. The development of the website has involved partnerships in three key areas. These are: a partnership between teaching and technology, a partnership between teaching and learning, and a partnership between theory and practice.

The Promotion Of A Secular Work Ethic, Sharon Beder

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

[Extract] The compulsion to work has clearly become pathological in modern industrial societies. Millions of people are working long hours, devoting their lives to making or doing things that will not enrich their lives or make them happier but will add to the garbage and pollution that the earth is finding difficult to accommodate. They are so busy doing this that they have little time to spend with their family and friends, to develop other aspects of themselves, to participate in their communities as full citizens. ...... Despite the dysfunctionality of the work ethic it continues to be promoted and …

Selling The Work Ethic, Sharon Beder

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

[Extract] In modern industrial societies work and production have become ends in themselves. Employment has become such a priority that much environmental degradation is justified merely on the grounds that it provides jobs. And people are so concerned to keep their jobs that they are willing to do what their employers require of them even if they believe it is wrong or environmentally destructive. The social benefit of having the majority of ablebodied people in a society working hard all week goes unquestioned, particularly by those who work hardest. Few people today can imagine a society that does not revolve …

Neoliberal Think Tanks And Free Market Environmentalism, Sharon Beder

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

[Extract] The root of the environmental problem, however, is the priority given to economic considerations over environmental considerations. Economic instruments, privatisation and environmental ‘valuation’ ensure that priority is still given to economic goals and they enable firms to make decisions that affect others on the basis of their own economic interests. Even if those economic interests have been slightly modified to give a small economic value to environmental impacts, the basic paradigm remains unchanged: whenever big profits can be made the environment will be destroyed.

Pharmaceutical Industry Agenda Setting In Mental Health Policies, R. Gosden, Sharon Beder

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

The development of political agenda-setting through the use of sophisticated public relations techniques is threatening to undermine the delicate balance of representative democracy. This has important ramifications for policies aimed at providing mental health services and the implementation of mental health laws. The principal agenda setters in this area are pharmaceutical companies with commercial reasons to promote public policies that expand the sales of their products. They have manufactured highly effective advocacy coalitions that incorporate front groups in order to set the policy agenda for mental health. However, policies tailored to their commercial purpose are not necessarily beneficial either for …

Global Spin, Sharon Beder

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This chapter examines the way that corporations have used their financial resources and power to counter the gains made by environmentalists, to reshape public opinion and to persuade politicians against increased environmental regulation. Corporate activism, ignited in the 1970s and rejuventated in the 1990s, has enabled a corporate agenda to dominate most debates about the state of the environment and what should be done about it. This situation poses grave dangers to the ability of democratic societies to respond to environmental threats.

Trading The Earth: The Politics Behind Tradeable Pollution Rights, Sharon Beder

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

[Extract] Tradeable pollution rights and emissions trading are being increasingly used as an environmental policy tool for pollution control. It allows firms to trade the right to emit specific pollutants. Tradeable pollution rights were originally developed in the USA to cut costs to industry and enable economic growth to continue in highly polluted areas but they are increasingly being used in other countries for air (Moore 1994) and water pollution (James 1994). They are now being proposed as a method for meeting Kyoto Protocol targets for greenhouse gas emissions. Firms such as BP and Shell have already established internal carbon …

Negotiating Difference: Singaporean Women Building An Ethics Of Respect, Lenore T. Lyons

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Extract: The problem of difference emerged as a significant issue in western feminist theory making during the 1980s-1990s. In response to claims that western feminism ignored the lives and voices of third world women1, attention was increasingly been placed on the need to forge broad-based coalitions that embrace difference and commonality. But, in the call to build coalitions, little work focused on the meaning of difference in the everyday lives of feminist activists; how do feminists work with women who are different to themselves? In this paper I examine the lives of women who belong to the Singaporean feminist organisation …

Re-Telling ‘Us’: Researching The Lives Of Singaporean Women, Lenore T. Lyons

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Extract: Feminist scholars have long been interested in the politics of speech acts. Early calls for a ‘feminist methodology’ were premised on a claim that in order to overcome the bias of malestream science, women should write about their own lives and experiences. Feminists asserted that androcentrism had as much to do with who was conducting the research as what was under investigation. Growing criticism that feminists themselves had replicated such practices in their writings about ‘other’ women signalled a renewed interest in the politics of speech. This interest is based on an acknowledgment that women are “not politically equal, …

Us Failing To Heed Any Lessons From History, Anthony Ashbolt

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

As the world witnessed the cold ferocity of terrorism last week - the shattering loss of life, the enormous suffering of the American people - it became clear quickly that madness was to be met by madness. It is perhaps understandable that irrational policy flows from seemingly irrational events. It is not, however, good for world peace or even good for the fight against terrorism. Xenophobia, jingoism and racism are not logical or considered responses to international terrorism.

Book Review Of: Newmedia.Com.Au, Brian M. Yecies

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Evangelical Christianity And The Appeal Of The Middle Aaes: The Case Of Bishop Charles Venn Pilcher, Graham Barwell, John Kennedy

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In recent years in studies of the Weste,n Middle Ages, there has been an increasing interest in medievalism itself, rather than simply in the cultures and their cultural products. I Such interest has not been confined to the European countries, but has extended to others, the United States or Australia, for example, where the teaching of medieval studies has often been based on a sense of a European cultural inheritance. As part of this shift in direction, specific attention has been paid to the medievalism of a variety of enthusiasts, editors, translators, teachers and scholars. Some of the focus has …

Authenticated Electronic Editions Project: A Progress Report, Graham Barwell, Phillip Berrie, Paul Eggert, Chris Tiffin

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In 1991 the Academy of the Humanities established a series, the Academy Editions of Australian Literature, consisting of critical editions in book form of some of the major contributions to Australian literary culture of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The works chosen for inclusion in the series do not currently exist in reliable editions, so the text of each work is freshly edited to be as accurate and reliable as possible. Each edition includes the editor’s introduction, and textual and explanatory notes, while some editions offer background essays by other scholars, maps, chronologies and similar aids for readers. The …

Are Electronic Editions Inherently Obsolete?, Graham Barwell, Phillip Berrie, Paul Eggert, Chris Tiffin

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This paper presents a challenge to the current print-based paradigm for creating electronic editions in terms of their long term viability. It discusses some of the problems inherent with the use of embedded markup and describes how these problems could cause the loss of such editions to the human record. This paper describes how the Authenticated Electronic Editions Project is using the techniques of Data Simplification, Standoff Markup and Just In Time Authentication in the creation of a new type of electronic text that does not suffer the same limitations.

Genres, Registers, Text Types, Domains And Styles: Clarifying The Concepts And Nevigating A Path Through The Bnc Jungle, David Y. W. Lee

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In this paper, an attempt is first made to clarify and tease apart the somewhat confusing terms genre, register, text type, domain, sublanguage, and style. The use of these terms by various linguists and literary theorists working under different traditions or orientations will be examined and a possible way of synthesising their insights will be proposed and illustrated with reference to the disparate categories used to classify texts in various existing computer corpora. With this terminological problem resolved, a personal project which involved giving each of the 4,124 British National Corpus (BNC, version 1) files a descriptive "genre" label will …

A Model Of Quality Determinants In Internet Retailing, Julie Francis, Lesley White

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

While there is a substantial body of literature relating to the activities of Internet marketers and the technology which drives E-Commerce, less attention has been given to consumer oriented research. To partially address this gap in marketing knowledge, a preliminary model of quality determinants in Internet retailing has been developed in this paper. In-depth interviews with 14 experienced Internet shoppers provided the data that was used to develop the model. Respondents discussed what they expected from Internet retailers and the quality of service that they have received. The analysis of results indicated that inherent differences between traditional and Internet environments …

Student Responses To The Integration Of Webct Into An Accounting Subject, Anne Abraham

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

How can WebCT be integrated into classroom teaching? How can it be used to enhance the learning experience of students? Students are often hesitant about using new technology, especially if they are asked to communicate publicly in some way. The use of WebCTprovides students with valuable learning experiences as well as flexibility by offering a virtual classroom, wherever and whenever (within reason) that it suits the students. In addition, WebCT can enhance communication by encouraging online participation and overcoming students'fear ofdealing with new technology. This paper presents the result of research based on student evaluations of the integration ofthe use …

You Are The Rats: Action Research, Academic Forums And The Reflective Practice Of Professional Bricoleurs, Andrew J. Sense, Richard Badham

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

"I saw the University as helping us to reflect on what we are doing- they are the expert reflectors. This is particularly what I saw as X's role. Sometimes his inteIjections go above their heads, and his nine words or less, statements need to have some explanation, and I should feed this back to him. I also see the University as playing a visionary role, helping to show us new things, about what is possible. I don't see the University as helping to pull the team together - that is when it gets confusing. They are observing us, they are …

Learning Within And Across Projects: A Comparison Of Frames, Marc Antoni, Andrew J. Sense

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

In a world of global markets and fast changing competitive environments organizations need to embrace flexibility and adaptability in response to these environmental challenges. One organizational response to these conditions is that the classical functional structures of organizations are now more and more complemented by temporal organizations or projects. Projects are used to accomplish a diverse and often complex set of organizational goals or changes that would otherwise be less obtainable by the organization, or, that would overstrain the ability of the permanent organization to achieve successful outcomes. The diverse raft of projects that organizations do pursue can comprise projects …

Advertising Wearout Of Shock-Value Anti-Speeding Ads, Jennifer Thornton, John R. Rossiter

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

An advertising experiment was conducted to test the advertising wearout of four anti-speeding ads, each with varying underlying "patterns" of fear arousal. The patterns of fear were established beforehand by using a dial designed to track viewers’ reactions in terms of tenseness felt. The advertising experiment involved 284 participants from a first-year University marketing class. Four experimental groups were exposed to the same antispeeding ad each week, for three sequential weeks. Measures were obtained, via a questionnaire, of the participants’ attention paid to the ad, expected effect on speeding behaviour, emotions felt, perceptions of the relevance, believability, realism of the …

Keynote Address: Cognitive, Emotional, And Hard-Core Behaviourism As Theoretical Paradigms For Consumer Behaviour, John R. Rossiter

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

When Paula asked me to be the keynote speaker at this conference, I naturally wanted to pick a big, important topic that was relevant to consumer researchers, you, the audience. I am working on three big topics at the moment, between editions of the Rossiter and Percy textbook. One topic is marketing knowledgewhat it is and how we can test it. I have a large ARC grant for that one. A second topic is a new procedure for the measurement of marketing constructs-a replacement for the narrow Churchill procedure that everyone seems to follow. Some of you have seen working …

Market Efficiency Or Not? The Behaviour Of China’S Stock Prices In Response To The Announcement Of Bonus Issues, M. L. Barnes, S. Ma

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Event study analysis is applied to investigate stock price reaction to the announcement of bonus issues for the emerging stock markets of China. Results show that the issues with a high bonus ratio (number of bonus shares in the issue/number of existing shares) usually attract positive returns and the issues with a low bonus ratio are rewarded with negative returns. The A-shares’ and B-shares’ prices exhibit some similarities in their reactions to bonus issues’ approvals. The hypothesis of semi-strong form market efficiency is rejected only partly for China’s stock markets.

Misattribution Of Sensory Input Reflected In Dysfunctional Target: Non-Target Erps In Schizophrenia, K. Brown, E. Gordon, L. Williams, H. Bahramali, A. Harris, J. Gray, C. J. Gonsalvez, R. Meares

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background. While numerous studies have found disturbances in the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) of patients with schizophrenia linked to task relevant target stimuli (most notably a reduction in P300 amplitude), few have examined ERPs to task irrelevant non-targets. We hypothesize, from current models of dysfunction in information processing in schizophrenia, that there will be less difference between ERPs to targets and non-targets in patients with schizophrenia than in controls.

Methods. EEGs were recorded for 40 subjects with schizophrenia and 40 age and sex matched controls during an auditory oddball reaction time task. ERPs to the targets and non-targets immediately preceding the …

Performance Measures, Benchmarking And Value, Felicity Mcgregor

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers

[Extract] The announcement of the establishment of a Quality Audit Agency to evaluate the performance of universities, signalled an inevitable expansion of the incipient culture of measurement and evaluation in Australian universities. Those who consider that quality, and its associated tenets of measurement and evaluation are of dubious value, will be constrained to demonstrate goal achievement through whichever mechanisms are deemed appropriate by the Agency. Otherwise, they may face an uncertain funding future. Although the details of the audit process are not yet clear, there will be a single national body which will be responsible for overseeing independent external quality …

Accountability, Democracy And The World Economic Forum, Jane Andrew

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Concerns about the state of the global environment has provided the catalyst for significant participation in 'anti-globalisation' protests. These concerns have led many to protest the general lack of social and environmental accountability displayed by multinational companies and elected government officials. This paper considers these issues within the context of a growing protest movement.

Improving Teaching And Learning Through Formative Evaluation: Using A Customised Online Tool To Collect Student Feedback, Robert M. Corderoy, Ray Stace, Sandra Wills, A. Ip

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers

Good teachers spend time reflecting on their teaching practice. What is working, what isn't - and more importantly, why is or isn’t it? Such reflection is an essential component of maintaining and improving both teaching practice and the learning outcomes for students. Changes in current teaching practice towards more flexible teaching and learning environments and especially towards more student-centred online environments make this an even more important process. To answer this kind of question requires data which reflect the student's viewpoint on the teaching process and the time to collect and analyse it. As the subject itself is more and …

The Corporate Connection: Financial Reporting In A Large Religious/Charitable Organization In Australia, H. J. Irvine

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Nonprofit organizations operate in an increasingly corporatised, competitive environment. More and more, as institutions with charitable agenda, they need to promote an image that will enhance their ability to attract the funding they require in order to continue their operations. Competition for donations is becoming more intense and society is increasing its expectations about the level of accountability desirable from such organizations. One means by which nonprofit organizations can address this issue of accountability, and present themselves to the public as financially sound and worthy of receiving donations, is through their annual financial statements. As accounting practices have changed over …