Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Finding Their Voice: Singing And Teaching With Refugees In Australia, Skye Playsted

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Research On Teacher Cognition And Pronunciation Instruction: Implications For Teachers, Amanda Ann Baker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Role Of Sleep Duration And Sleep-Related Problems In The Metabolic Syndrome Among Children And Adolescents, Leonardo Pulido-Arjona, Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista, Cesar A. Agostinis-Sobrinho, Jorge Mota, Rute Santos, Maria Correa-Rodriguez, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Robinson Ramirez-Velez

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: There is increasing recognition that sleep is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between self-reported sleep duration, sleep-related problems and the presence of MetS in children and adolescents from Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis from the FUPRECOL study (2014-15). Participants included 2779 (54.2% girls) youth from Bogota (Colombia). MetS was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the metabolic abnormalities (hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], hypertension, and increased waist circumference) according to the criteria of de Ferranti/Magge and colleges. Self-reported sleep …

Children's Sports Participation And Self-Regulation: Bi-Directional Longitudinal Associations, Steven J. Howard, Stewart A. Vella, Dylan P. Cliff

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Early self-regulation is essential to positive life outcomes and sports are speculated to generate self-regulatory improvements. Preliminary research supports this assertion, showing some sports might yield short-term self-regulatory improvements and elite athletes tend to excel in cognitive functions underlying self-regulation. What remains unclear is whether sports improve self-regulation or better self-regulators engage in sport. We investigated whether sport participation in early childhood (4-5 years) predicted change in children's self-regulation two years later; and early self-regulation (4-5 years) predicted change in sports participation two years later. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, which consisted of 4385 children …

Second-Hand Exposure Of Staff Administering Vaporised Cannabinoid Products To Patients In A Hospital Setting, Nadia Solowij, Peter Galettis, Samantha J. Broyd, Peter De Krey, Jennifer H. Martin

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background In many health settings, administration of medicinal cannabis poses significant implementation barriers including drug storage and safety for administering staff and surrounding patients. Different modes of administration also provide different yet potentially significant issues. One route that has become of clinical interest owing to the rapid onset of action and patient control of the inhaled amount (via breath timing and depth) is that of vaporisation of cannabinoid products. Although requiring a registered therapeutic device for administration, this is a relatively safe method of intrapulmonary administration that may be particularly useful for patients with difficulty swallowing, and for those in …

Are Underground Coal Miners Satisfied With Their Work Boots?, Jessica Dobson, Diane L. Riddiford-Harland, Alison F. Bell, Julie R. Steele

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Dissatisfaction with work boot design is common in the mining industry. Many underground coal miners believe their work boots contribute to the high incidence of lower limb injuries they experience. Despite this, the most recent research to examine underground coal mining work boot satisfaction was conducted over a decade ago. This present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by assessing current mining work boot satisfaction in relation to the work-related requirements for underground coal mining. 358 underground coal miners (355 men; mean age = 39.1 ± 10.7 years) completed a 54-question survey regarding their job details, work …

Experiences Of Registered Nurses Transitioning From Employment In Acute Care To Primary Health Care - Quantitative Findings From A Mixed-Methods Study, Christine Ashley, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Angela M. Brown, Kathleen Peters

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims and objectives: To describe the experiences of registered nurses who transition from acute to primary health care (PHC) employment.

Background: Internationally the provision of health care in PHC settings is increasing. Nurses are moving from acute care employment to meet the growing demand for a PHC workforce. However, little is known about the transition experiences of these nurses.

Design: A sequential mixed-methods study comprising a survey, and semi-structured interviews. This study reports on survey findings relating to the transition experience.

Methods: Convenience and snowballing techniques were used to recruit 111 registered nurses who had transitioned …

Coarse-Sand Beach Ridges At Cowley Beach, North-Eastern Australia: Their Formative Processes And Potential As Records Of Tropical Cyclone History, Toru Dr Toru Tamura, William A. Nicholas, Thomas S. Oliver, Brendan P. Brooke

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Storm surges generated by tropical cyclones have been considered a primary process for building coarse-sand beach ridges along the north-eastern Queensland coast, Australia. This interpretation has led to the development of palaeotempestology based on the beach ridges. To better identify the sedimentary processes responsible for these ridges, a high-resolution chronostratigraphic analysis of a series of ridges was carried out at Cowley Beach, Queensland, a meso-tidal beach system with a > 3 m tide range. Optically stimulated luminescence ages indicate that 10 ridges accreted seaward over the last 2500 to 2700 years. The ridge crests sit +3·5 to 5·1 m above Australian …

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity Of Chemical Constituents Isolated From Miliusa Thorelii, Thanika Promchai, Tongchai Saesong, Kornkanok Ingkaninan, Surat Laphookhieo, Stephen G. Pyne, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Two new dihydrooxoprotoberberine alkaloids; miliusathorines A (1) and B (2), a new natural flavone, miliusathorone (3), together with twenty-two known compounds (4-25) were isolated from the combined stem and root extract and the leaf extract of Miliusa thorelii. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. All compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase activities. Miliusathorine A (1) and norushisunine had the best AChE inhibitory activities, however these were weak inhibitors when compared to the standard galantamine.

Measuring The Outcomes Of Nursing Practice: A Delphi Study, Jenny Sim, Patrick A. Crookes, Kenneth D. Walsh, Elizabeth J. Halcomb

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims and objective: To develop nursing-sensitive patient indicators to measure the outcomes of nursing practice.

Background: Nurses play an important role in the healthcare system, yet there is no consensus on how the impact of nursing work should be evaluated. Limited research has previously examined the views of clinical nurses on the important concepts for measuring nursing practice.

Design: A four-round modified Delphi survey sought opinions from patients and nurses about the relevant concepts and their relative priority as indicators of quality nursing practice.

Method: Round 1 comprised semi-structured interviews with patients and nurses to identify …

Dynamic Topography Of Passive Continental Margins And Their Hinterlands Since The Cretaceous, R. Dietmar Muller, Rakib Hassan, Michael Gurnis, Nicolas Flament, Simon E. Williams

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Even though it is well accepted that the Earth's surface topography has been affected by mantle-convection induced dynamic topography, its magnitude and time-dependence remain controversial. The dynamic influence to topographic change along continental margins is particularly difficult to unravel, because their stratigraphic record is dominated by tectonic subsidence caused by rifting. We follow a three-fold approach to estimate dynamic topographic change along passive margins based on a set of seven global mantle convection models. We first demonstrate that a geodynamic forward model that includes adiabatic and viscous heating in addition to internal heating from radiogenic sources, and a mantle viscosity …

Resolution And Identification Of Scalemic Caged Xanthones From The Leaf Extract Of Garcinia Propinqua Having Potent Cytotoxicities Against Colon Cancer Cells, Teerayut Sriyatep, Cholpisut Tantapakul, Raymond J. Andersen, Brian O. Patrick, Stephen G. Pyne, Chatchai Muanprasat, Sawinee Seemakhan, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Surat Laphookhieo

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A new scalemic 8,8a-dihydro caged xanthone (1) was isolated from the leaf extract of Garcinia propinqua. Five other known natural products, the three caged xanthones (2, 5 and 6) and the two neocaged xanthones, (3 and 4) were also isolated as scalemic mixtures. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The enantiomeric ratios (er) of compounds 1-6 ranged from 1:0.7 to 1:0.9. These compounds were also resolved by semipreparative chiral HPLC. The absolute configurations of (+)-2 and (+)-3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation while the absolute configurations of the other compounds were determined by …

Migratory Animals Feel The Cost Of Getting Sick: A Meta-Analysis Across Species, Alice Risely, Marcel Klaassen, Bethany J. Hoye

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Migratory animals are widely assumed to play an important role in the long-distance dispersal of parasites, and are frequently implicated in the global spread of zoonotic pathogens such as avian influenzas in birds and Ebola viruses in bats. However, infection imposes physiological and behavioural constraints on hosts that may act to curtail parasite dispersal via changes to migratory timing ("migratory separation") and survival ("migratory culling"). There remains little consensus regarding the frequency and extent to which migratory separation and migratory culling may operate, despite a growing recognition of the importance of these mechanisms in regulating transmission dynamics in migratory animals. …

Active Migration Is Associated With Specific And Consistent Changes To Gut Microbiota In Calidris Shorebirds, Alice Risely, David Waite, Beata Ujvari, Bethany J. Hoye, Marcel Klaassen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Gut microbes are increasingly recognised for their role in regulating an animal's metabolism and immunity. However, identifying repeatable associations between host physiological processes and their gut microbiota has proved challenging, in part because microbial communities often respond stochastically to host physiological stress (e.g. fasting, forced exercise or infection). Migratory birds provide a valuable system in which to test host-microbe interactions under physiological extremes because these hosts are adapted to predictable metabolic and immunological challenges as they undergo seasonal migrations, including temporary gut atrophy during long-distance flights. These physiological challenges may either temporarily disrupt gut microbial ecosystems, or, alternatively, promote predictable …

Impact Of Climate Change And Human Activity On Soil Landscapes Over The Past 12,300 Years, Leo Rothacker, Anthony Dosseto, Alexander Francke, Allan Chivas, Nathalie Vigier, Anna M. Kotarba-Morley, Davide Menozzi

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Soils are key to ecosystems and human societies, and their critical importance requires a better understanding of how they evolve through time. However, identifying the role of natural climate change versus human activity (e.g. agriculture) on soil evolution is difficult. Here we show that for most of the past 12,300 years soil erosion and development were impacted differently by natural climate variability, as recorded by sediments deposited in Lake Dojran (Macedonia/Greece): short-lived ( < 1,000 years) climatic shifts had no effect on soil development but impacted soil erosion. This decoupling disappeared between 3,500 and 3,100 years ago, when the sedimentary record suggests an unprecedented erosion event associated with the development of agriculture in the region. Our results show unambiguously how differently soils evolved under natural climate variability (between 12,300 and 3,500 years ago) and later in response to intensifying human impact. The transition from natural to anthropogenic landscape started just before, or at, the onset of the Greek 'Dark Ages' (~3,200 cal yr BP). This could represent the earliest recorded sign of a negative feedback between civilization and environmental impact, where the development of agriculture impacted soil resources, which in turn resulted in a slowdown of civilization expansion.

Why We Shouldn't Be Too Quick To Blame Migratory Animals For Global Disease, Alice Risely, Bethany J. Hoye, Marcel Klaassen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Have you ever got on a flight and the person next to you started sneezing? With 37 million scheduled flights transporting people around the world each year, you might think that the viruses and other germs carried by travellers would be getting a free ride to new pastures, infecting people as they go. Yet pathogenic microbes are surprisingly bad at expanding their range by hitching rides on planes. Microbes find it difficult to thrive when taken out of their ecological comfort zone; Bali might just be a tad too hot for a Tasmanian parasite to handle.

Self-Evacuation Archetypes In Australian Bushfire, Ken Strahan, Joshua Whittaker, John Handmer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Australian householders respond to bushfire in diverse and complex ways according to their circumstances and characteristics. They tend not to simply make a binary decision to evacuate from or remain at their property, or simply to 'wait and see' what happens before they decide. Seven self-evacuation archetypes displaying universally recognisable, fundamentally human characteristics were identified through cluster and discriminant function analysis of data from 457 householders who had recently experienced a bushfire. These seven archetypes characterise the diverse attitudes and behaviour of typical groupings of householders faced with making a protective decision during a bushfire. The archetypes comprise those who …

What Is All This Fuss About Tus? Comparison Of Recent Findings From Biophysical And Biochemical Experiments, Bojk A. Berghuis, Vlad Raducanu, Mohamed M. Elshenawy, Slobodan Jergic, Martin Depken, Nicholas E. Dixon, Samir M. Hamdan, Nynke H. Dekker

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Synchronizing the convergence of the two-oppositely moving DNA replication machineries at specific termination sites is a tightly coordinated process in bacteria. In Escherichia coli, a "replication fork trap"-found within a chromosomal region where forks are allowed to enter but not leave-is set by the protein-DNA roadblock Tus-Ter. The exact sequence of events by which Tus-Ter blocks replisomes approaching from one direction but not the other has been the subject of controversy for many decades. Specific protein-protein interactions between the nonpermissive face of Tus and the approaching helicase were challenged by biochemical and structural studies. These studies …

Development Of A Seamless, High-Resolution Bathymetric Model To Compare Reef Morphology Around The Subtropical Island Shelves Of Lord Howe Island And Balls Pyramid, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Michelle Linklater, Sarah Hamylton, Brendan P. Brooke, Scott L. Nichol, Alan Jordan, Colin D. Woodroffe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Lord Howe Island and Balls Pyramid are located approximately 600 km offshore of the southeastern Australian mainland, in the subtropical waters of the northern Tasman Sea. Lord Howe Island hosts the most southern coral reef in the Pacific Ocean, and the shelves surrounding both islands feature fossil coral reefs. This study creates a seamless, high-resolution (5 m cell size) bathymetry model of the two shelves to compare and contrast the extent of reef development and shelf morphology. This was produced by integrating satellite-derived depth data (derived to 35 m depth) and multibeam echosounder (MBES) data. Image partitioning and filtering improved …

Dietetics Students' Construction Of Competence Through Assessment And Placement Experiences, Claire Palermo, Janeane Dart, Andrea Begley, Eleanor J. Beck, Rachel Bacon, Judith Tweedie, Lana Mitchell, Judith Maher, Danielle Gallegos, Meredith A. Kennedy, Jane Kellett, Claire Margerison, Ruth Crawford, Wendy Stuart-Smith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim: Competency standards are widely adopted as a framework to describe standards of performance required inthe workplace. Little is known, however, about how students construct competence. This qualitative study aimed toexplore how dietetics students ready to graduate construct the concept of competence and the role of assessment indeveloping professional competence.Methods: A qualitative description was used to gather data from a convenience sample of students ready to gradu-ate from universities with accredited dietetics programs across Australia (10 out of 15 at the time of the study).A total of 11 focus groups were conducted to explore perspectives of competence and experiences of …

Development And Validation Of A Written Credentialing Examination For Overseas-Educated Dietitians, Neville G. Chiavaroli, Eleanor J. Beck, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Paul Wilkinson, Kay Gibbons, Claire Palermo

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim Health professionals seeking employment in foreign countries are commonly required to undertake competency assessment in order to practice. The present study aims to outline the development and validation of a written examination for Dietetic Skills Recognition (DSR), to assess the knowledge, skills, capabilities and professional judgement of overseas-educated dietitians against the competency standards applied to dietetic graduates in Australia. Methods The present study reviews the design, rationale, validation and outcomes of a multiple choice question (MCQ) written examination for overseas-educated dietitians based on 5 years of administration. The validity of the exam is evaluated using Messick's validity framework, which …

Exploring Approaches To Dietetic Assessment Of A Common Task Across Different Universities Through Assessment Moderation, Claire Palermo, E Volders, S Gibson, Meredith A. Kennedy, A Wray, J Thomas, Mary Hannan-Jones, Danielle Gallegos, Eleanor J. Beck

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Assessment presents one of the greatest challenges to evaluating health professional trainee performance, as a result of the subjectivity of judgements and variability in assessor standards. The present study aimed to test a moderation procedure for assessment across four independent universities and explore approaches to assessment and the factors that influence assessment decisions. Methods: Assessment tasks designed independently by each of the four universities to assess student readiness for placement were chosen for the present study. Each university provided four student performance recordings for moderation. Eight different academic assessors viewed the student performances and assessed them using the corresponding …

Intervention Among Suicidal Men: Future Directions For Telephone Crisis Support Research, Tara Hunt, Coralie J. Wilson, Alan Woodward, Peter Caputi, Ian G. Wilson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Telephone crisis support is a confidential, accessible, and immediate service that is uniquely set up to reduce male suicide deaths through crisis intervention. However, research focusing on telephone crisis support with suicidal men is currently limited. To highlight the need to address service delivery for men experiencing suicidal crisis, this perspective article identifies key challenges facing current telephone crisis support research and proposes that understanding of the role of telephone crisis helplines in supporting suicidal men may be strengthened by careful examination of the context of telephone crisis support, together with the impact this has on help-provision for male suicidal …

Validation And Comparison Of A Model Of The Effect Of Sea-Level Rise On Coastal Wetlands, Laura Mogensen, Kerrylee Rogers

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Models are used to project coastal wetland distribution under future sea-level rise scenarios to assist decision-making. Model validation and comparison was used to investigate error and uncertainty in the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model, a readily available model with minimal validation, particularly for wetlands beyond North America. Accurate parameterisation is required to improve the performance of the model, and indeed any spatial model. Consideration of tidal attenuation further enhances model performance, particularly for coastal wetlands located within estuaries along wave-dominated coastlines. The model does not simulate vegetation changes that are known to occur, particularly when sedimentation exceeds rates of sea-level …

Sample Preparation For Determination Of Comminution Ages In Lacustrine And Marine Sediments, Alexander Francke, Sally Carney, Patrick Wilcox, Anthony Dosseto

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The uranium isotope composition ( 234 U and 238 U) of detrital matter has become an essential tool for evaluating the response of erosion and catchment dynamics to climate variability on geological time scales. Relative variability of the ( 234 U/ 238 U) activity ratio can be used as an estimate of the time that has elapsed since physical and chemical weathering has formed grains < 63μm, termed comminution age, as a result of ongoing depletion of 234 U in detrital matter. However, as non-detrital (authigenic, endogenic) components are commonly enriched in 234 U, sequential extraction methods are required to carefully remove any non-detrital matter from the sediments. Herein, we tested different methods, which use similar chemical reactants but differ in terms of applied heat and time. Based on the results, it can be inferred that an ultrasound-assisted approach enables the removal of non-detrital matter from the sediments without alternating the isotope ratio of the detrital grain, and provides a high reproducibility of the ( 234 U/ 238 U) activity ratios. Moreover, it is the fastest, and thus, most cost effective method tested. Fast and cost-effective treatment methods are a prerequisite for high-resolution studies on long paleoenvironmental records, and thus, these results are fundamental for the further development of U isotope analyses as a tool for the reconstruction of past erosion and catchment dynamics in response to climate variability.Combined U isotopes and gas absorption surface area analyses on two sediment samples from the Mediterranean Sea yield comminution ages up to 5 times older after sample treatment, which highlights the importance of a comprehensive removal of non-detrital matter from the bulk sediment composition. Moreover, gas sorption analysis allowed determining whether a fractal correction for calculation of the recoil fraction should be applied. Precise estimates of the recoil fraction are crucial for calculating the comminution ages, as it governs the loss of 234 U from detrital matter. Samples analyzed in this study display Type II isotherms suggesting a non-porous or macroporous surface. Micro- and mesopores, which increase the surface area during gas absorption analyses but do not contribute to the loss of 234 U are absent. Thus, a fractal correction to account for micro- and mesopores is not required.

Investigating Compound Flooding In An Estuary Using Hydrodynamic Modelling: A Case Study From The Shoalhaven River, Australia, Kristian Kumbier, Rafael Cabral Carvalho, Athanasios T. Vafeidis, Colin D. Woodroffe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Many previous modelling studies have considered storm-tide and riverine flooding independently, even though joint-probability analysis highlighted significant dependence between extreme rainfall and extreme storm surges in estuarine environments. This study investigates compound flooding by quantifying horizontal and vertical differences in coastal flood risk estimates resulting from a separation of storm-tide and riverine flooding processes. We used an open-source version of the Delft3D model to simulate flood extent and inundation depth due to a storm event that occurred in June 2016 in the Shoalhaven Estuary, south-eastern Australia. Time series of observed water levels and discharge measurements are used to force model …

National Sediment Compartment Framework For Australian Coastal Management, Bruce G. Thom, I G Eliot, M Eliot, Nicholas Harvey, David Rissik, Chris Sharples, Andrew D. Short, Colin D. Woodroffe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The concept of coastal sediment compartments was first used in the 1960s in the United States. It has since been recognised as appropriate for defining sections of the Australian coast, but had not been uniformly adopted around the nation in the way that has underpinned management, as in other countries. In 2012, the Australian Government supported a project to better understand coastal sediment dynamics using the sediment compartment approach as a framework within which to consider future shoreline behaviour and the impacts of climate change, including rising sea level, changing wave climates and sediment budgets. This paper outlines the sediment …

Common Products, Like Perfume, Paint And Printer Ink, Are Polluting The Atmosphere, Jenny A. Fisher, Kathryn M. Emmerson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Picture the causes of air pollution in a major city and you are likely to visualise pollutants spewing out of cars, trucks and buses. For some types of air pollutants, however, transportation is only half as important as the chemicals in everyday consumer products like cleaning agents, printer ink, and fragrances, according to a study published today in Science.

Ordovician Macquarie Arc And Turbidite Fan Relationships, Lachlan Orogen, Southeastern Australia: Stratigraphic And Tectonic Problems, Chris L. Fergusson, G P. Colquhoun

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Ordovician rocks of the Lachlan Orogen consist of two major associations, mafic to intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Macquarie Arc), which aerially comprise several north-south-trending belts, and the quartz-rich turbidite succession. Relationships between these associations are integral to resolving their tectonic settings and opinions range between contacts being major thrusts, combinations of various types of faults, and stratigraphic contacts with structural complications. Stratigraphic contacts between these associations are found with volcaniclastic-dominant units overlying quartz-turbidite units along the eastern boundary of the eastern volcanic belt and along the southern boundary of the central volcanic belt. Mixing between these major associations is …

Finding A Space For Women: The British Medical Association And Women Doctors In Australia, 1880-1939, Louella R. Mccarthy

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This paper examines the experiences of women in one professional organisation - the British Medical Association in Australia - during a significant period in the development of such bodies. In doing so it offers an opportunity to consider the relationship between professional societies and the construction of a gendered profession. For the medical profession in particular the time-frame of this study, from the 1880s to the 1930s, has been regarded by scholars as especially important. In this period various features of medical professionalism came to prominence: the status and authority of doctors, the processes of formally registering medical credentials, and …