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Articles 2791 - 2820 of 14367

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Buried Tools And Pigments Tell A New History Of Humans In Australia For 65,000 Years, Christopher Clarkson, Ben Marwick, Lynley A. Wallis, Richard Fullagar, Zenobia Jacobs Jan 2017

Buried Tools And Pigments Tell A New History Of Humans In Australia For 65,000 Years, Christopher Clarkson, Ben Marwick, Lynley A. Wallis, Richard Fullagar, Zenobia Jacobs

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The question of when people first arrived in Australia has been the subject of lively debate among archaeologists, and one with important consequences for the global story of human evolution. Australia is the end point of early modern human migration out of Africa, and sets the minimum age for the global dispersal of humans. This event was remarkable on many fronts, as it represented the largest maritime migration yet undertaken, the settlement of the driest continent on Earth, and required adaptation to vastly different flora and fauna. Although it is well known that anatomically modern humans were in Africa before …

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Educating Students To Play The Publication Game, Kathryn M. Weston Jan 2017

Educating Students To Play The Publication Game, Kathryn M. Weston

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The rise and rise of predatory publishers (Beall, 2016) suggests the unwary in the research world are still being conned. Yet, for emerging researchers, this rogue behaviour is only one of the threats encountered when playing the 'publication game'

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Phytochemical Studies On Two Australian Anigozanthos Plant Species, Rudi Hendra, Paul A. Keller Jan 2017

Phytochemical Studies On Two Australian Anigozanthos Plant Species, Rudi Hendra, Paul A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Phytochemical studies of two Australian Anigozanthos (kangaroo paw) species, A. rufus and A. pulcherrimus, resulted in the identification of 13 secondary metabolites. 2-Amino-6-O-p-coumarylheptanedioic acid (3) and chalcone-5′-O-(4-O-p-coumaryl)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) are reported as new compounds and are accompanied by nine flavonoids (2, 5−11,13) and two anthocyanins (1, 4). Compounds 1 and 4 were isolated as red solids from A. rufus and are likely responsible for the coloration of the flowers. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 showed weak antimicrobial activities against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 at concentrations of 52.4, 94.9, and 53.9 …

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A Small Cohort Omega-3 Pufa Supplement Study: Implications Of Stratifying According To Lipid Membrane Incorporation In Cardiac Surgical Patients, Wendy T. K Ip, Chanchal Chandramouli, Julian A. Smith, Peter L. Mclennan, Salvatore Pepe, Lea M. D Delbridge Jan 2017

A Small Cohort Omega-3 Pufa Supplement Study: Implications Of Stratifying According To Lipid Membrane Incorporation In Cardiac Surgical Patients, Wendy T. K Ip, Chanchal Chandramouli, Julian A. Smith, Peter L. Mclennan, Salvatore Pepe, Lea M. D Delbridge

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Epidemiological studies and randomised clinical trials (RCTs) report disparate findings in relation to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) benefit for cardiac patients. With RCTs interpretation is potentially confounded by background n-3 PUFA intake. The goal of this pilot, small cohort, pre-surgical supplementation study was to evaluate post-operative atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiac molecular expression profiles employing two data analysis approaches - by treatment randomisation and by stratification using measured n-3 PUFA. Methods: Patients (n=20) received 3g/day of fish or placebo oil (FO vs PO) in a double blind randomised protocol prior to elective coronary artery graft and valve …

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Experiencing And Responding To Everyday Weather In Darwin, Australia: The Important Role Of Tolerance, Eliza R. De Vet Jan 2017

Experiencing And Responding To Everyday Weather In Darwin, Australia: The Important Role Of Tolerance, Eliza R. De Vet

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Climates are changing, yet the everyday implications for societies and cultures are unclear. Until recently, weather and climate (change) have been largely represented quantitatively and discussed at broad spatial and social scales. Qualitative weather research is helping to reconnect weather with its diverse local meanings and to explain how climate change may alter future representational and behavioral understands of weather (herein called ''weather-relations'') in the hope of furthering climate change action. Responding to the need for greater research into weather-relations, particularly in industrialized urban areas, this paper examines the role of weather in everyday life in tropical Darwin, Australia. It …

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Algal Supplementation Of Vegetarian Eating Patterns Improves Plasma And Serum Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations And Omega-3 Indices: A Systematic Literature Review, Joel Craddock, Elizabeth Neale, Yasmine Probst, Gregory E. Peoples Jan 2017

Algal Supplementation Of Vegetarian Eating Patterns Improves Plasma And Serum Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations And Omega-3 Indices: A Systematic Literature Review, Joel Craddock, Elizabeth Neale, Yasmine Probst, Gregory E. Peoples

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Vegetarians are likely to have lower intakes of preformed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than omnivorous populations who consume fish and animal products. As such, vegetarian populations have omega-3 indices up to 60% lower than those who consume marine products. Algae, the primary producer of DHA in the marine food chain, offer an alternative source of DHA for those who do not consume marine or animal products. This systematic review aims to examine the evidence for the relationship between supplementation with algal forms of DHA and increased DHA concentrations in vegetarian populations. The SCOPUS, Science Direct and Web of Science scientific databases …

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Changes In Medical Education To Help Physicians Meet Future Health Care Needs, Judith N. Hudson, Kathryn M. Weston, Elizabeth Farmer Jan 2017

Changes In Medical Education To Help Physicians Meet Future Health Care Needs, Judith N. Hudson, Kathryn M. Weston, Elizabeth Farmer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Health care needs are changing due to the rapidly ageing population and the increasing number of patients with long term conditions and comorbidities.1 This has occurred at a time of continuing maldistribution of the medical workforce in Australia and increased specialisation and subspecialisation within the medical profession and the medical education system. As the next generation of doctors will need to serve an older population and those with more than one condition, a more useful focus would be "much less on narrow disease silos and . more on the breadth of possible permutations of co-morbidity". 1 Long periods of training …

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Glyoxal Yield From Isoprene Oxidation And Relation To Formaldehyde: Chemical Mechanism, Constraints From Senex Aircraft Observations, And Interpretation Of Omi Satellite Data, Christopher C. Miller, Daniel J. Jacob, Eloise A. Marais, Karen Yu, Katherine R. Travis, Patrick S. Kim, Jenny A. Fisher, Lei Zhu, Glenn M. Wolfe, Frank N. Keutsch, Jennifer Kaiser, Kyung-Eun Min, Steven S. Brown, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Gonzalo Abad, Kelly Chance Jan 2017

Glyoxal Yield From Isoprene Oxidation And Relation To Formaldehyde: Chemical Mechanism, Constraints From Senex Aircraft Observations, And Interpretation Of Omi Satellite Data, Christopher C. Miller, Daniel J. Jacob, Eloise A. Marais, Karen Yu, Katherine R. Travis, Patrick S. Kim, Jenny A. Fisher, Lei Zhu, Glenn M. Wolfe, Frank N. Keutsch, Jennifer Kaiser, Kyung-Eun Min, Steven S. Brown, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Gonzalo Abad, Kelly Chance

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is produced in the atmosphere by oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It is measurable from space by solar backscatter along with formaldehyde (HCHO), another oxidation product of VOCs. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is the dominant source of CHOCHO and HCHO in most of the world. We use aircraft observations of CHOCHO and HCHO from the SENEX campaign over the Southeast US in summer 2013 to better understand the time-dependent yields from isoprene oxidation, their dependences on nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), the behaviour of the CHOCHO-HCHO relationship, the quality of OMI satellite …

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Investigating The Performance Of A Greenhouse Gas Observatory In Hefei, China, Wei Wang, Yuan Tian, Cheng Liu, Youwen Sun, Wenqing Liu, Pinhua Xie, Jianguo Liu, Jin Xu, Isamu Morino, Voltaire A. Velazco, David W. T Griffith, Justus Notholt, Thorsten Warneke Jan 2017

Investigating The Performance Of A Greenhouse Gas Observatory In Hefei, China, Wei Wang, Yuan Tian, Cheng Liu, Youwen Sun, Wenqing Liu, Pinhua Xie, Jianguo Liu, Jin Xu, Isamu Morino, Voltaire A. Velazco, David W. T Griffith, Justus Notholt, Thorsten Warneke

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) station has been established in Hefei, China to remotely measure CO2, CO and other greenhouse gases based on near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Total column measurements of atmospheric CO2 and CO were successfully obtained from July 2014 to April 2016. The spectra collected with an InSb detector in the first year were compared with those collected by an InGaAs detector from July 2015, demonstrating that InGaAs spectra have better signal-to-noise ratios and rms of spectral fitting residuals relative to InSb spectra. Consequently, the measurement precision of the retrieved XCO2 and …

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Human Occupation Of Northern Australia By 65,000 Years Ago, Christopher Clarkson, Zenobia Jacobs, Ben Marwick, Richard Fullagar, Lynley A. Wallis, Mike A. Smith, Richard G. Roberts, Elspeth H. Hayes, Kelsey M. Lowe, Xavier Carah Jan 2017

Human Occupation Of Northern Australia By 65,000 Years Ago, Christopher Clarkson, Zenobia Jacobs, Ben Marwick, Richard Fullagar, Lynley A. Wallis, Mike A. Smith, Richard G. Roberts, Elspeth H. Hayes, Kelsey M. Lowe, Xavier Carah

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australia's megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. …

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Oxazolidinones And 2,5-Dihydrofurans Via Zinc-Catalyzed Regioselective Allenylation Reactions Of L-Α-Amino Aldehydes, Farzad Zamani, Stephen G. Pyne, Christopher J. T Hyland Jan 2017

Oxazolidinones And 2,5-Dihydrofurans Via Zinc-Catalyzed Regioselective Allenylation Reactions Of L-Α-Amino Aldehydes, Farzad Zamani, Stephen G. Pyne, Christopher J. T Hyland

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The simultaneous control of diastereoselectivity and regioselectivity in Zn-catalyzed allenylation reactions of N-protected L-α-amino aldehydes is reported. A reversal in diastereoselectivity could be realized by variation of the α-amino aldehyde protecting groups. A range of 1-allenyl-2-amino alcohols were obtained with excellent regioselectivity and converted to oxazolidinones and dihydrofurans. Many of which could be isolated as single diastereoisomers and without significant erosion of ee, making this a practical catalytic synthesis of highly functionalized heterocycles.

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Antioxidant, Cytotoxic And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Compounds Isolated From The Twig Extracts Of Maclura Fruticosa, Isaraporn Polbuppha, Wisanu Maneerat, Tawanun Sripisut, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom, Sarot Cheenpracha, Stephen G. Pyne, Chatchai Muanprasat, Sawinee Seemakhan, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Surat Laphookhieo Jan 2017

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Compounds Isolated From The Twig Extracts Of Maclura Fruticosa, Isaraporn Polbuppha, Wisanu Maneerat, Tawanun Sripisut, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom, Sarot Cheenpracha, Stephen G. Pyne, Chatchai Muanprasat, Sawinee Seemakhan, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Surat Laphookhieo

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The first phytochemical investigation of the twig extracts of Maclura fruticosa led to the isolation and identification of a new xanthone, maclurafruticosone (1), together with 14 known compounds (2-15). All compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods as well as through comparisons made with data reported in the literature. Some isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. Compound 4, 6 and 7 showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals with IC50 values ranging from 7.45-16.12 μM. Compound 4 also exhibited potent activity against ABTS•+ scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 0.55 ± …

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Inhibition In Fertilisation Of Coral Gametes Following Exposure To Nickel And Copper, Francesca Gissi, Jenny Stauber, Amanda Reichelt-Brushett, Peter L. Harrison, Dianne F. Jolley Jan 2017

Inhibition In Fertilisation Of Coral Gametes Following Exposure To Nickel And Copper, Francesca Gissi, Jenny Stauber, Amanda Reichelt-Brushett, Peter L. Harrison, Dianne F. Jolley

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The mining and production of nickel in tropical regions have the potential to impact on ecologically valuable tropical marine ecosystems. Currently, few data exist to assess the risks of nickel exposure to tropical ecosystems and to derive ecologically relevant water quality guidelines. In particular, data are lacking for keystone species such as scleractinian corals, which create the complex structural reef habitats that support many other marine species. As part of a larger study developing risk assessment tools for nickel in the tropical Asia-Pacific region, we investigated the toxicity of nickel on fertilisation success in three species of scleractinian corals: Acropora …

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Conducting Hydrogels For Edible Electrodes, Alexander Keller, Quynh Thai Son Pham, Holly Warren, Marc In Het Panhuis Jan 2017

Conducting Hydrogels For Edible Electrodes, Alexander Keller, Quynh Thai Son Pham, Holly Warren, Marc In Het Panhuis

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The development of highly swollen, strong, conductive hydrogel materials is necessary for the advancement of edible device research. Using a gellan gum/gelatin ionic-covalent entanglement (ICE) hydrogel, a simple method of producing conductive, edible hydrogels is described. ICE gels containing NaCl or CsCl were developed which exhibited conductivities of 200 ± 20 mS cm−1 and 380 ± 30 mS cm−1, respectively. Furthermore, the potential of food grade products for use as edible electrodes was examined by analysing the electrical properties of alginate-gelatin hydrogels, Vegemite, Marmite, jelly and gold leaf. Lastly, these edible ICE gels were used to demonstrate …

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Validation Of The Cris Fast Physical Nh3 Retrieval With Ground-Based Ftir, Enrico Dammers, Mark Shephard, Mathias Palm, Karen Cady-Pereira, Shannon Capps, Erik Lutsch, Kimberly Strong, James W. Hannigan, Ivan Ortega, Geoffrey Toon, Wolfgang Stremme, Michel Grutter, Nicholas B. Jones, D Smale, Jacob Siemons, Kevin Hrpcek, Denis Tremblay, Martijn Schaap, Justus Notholt, Jan Willem Erisman Jan 2017

Validation Of The Cris Fast Physical Nh3 Retrieval With Ground-Based Ftir, Enrico Dammers, Mark Shephard, Mathias Palm, Karen Cady-Pereira, Shannon Capps, Erik Lutsch, Kimberly Strong, James W. Hannigan, Ivan Ortega, Geoffrey Toon, Wolfgang Stremme, Michel Grutter, Nicholas B. Jones, D Smale, Jacob Siemons, Kevin Hrpcek, Denis Tremblay, Martijn Schaap, Justus Notholt, Jan Willem Erisman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Presented here is the validation of the CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) fast physical NH3 retrieval (CFPR) column and profile measurements using ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations. We use the total columns and profiles from seven FTIR sites in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) to validate the satellite data products. The overall FTIR and CrIS total columns have a positive correlation of r  =  0.77 (N  =  218) with very little bias (a slope of 1.02). Binning the comparisons by total column amounts, for concentrations larger than 1.0  x  1016 molecules cm−2, …

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Healthy Cities, Urbanisation, And Healthy Islands: Oceania, Evelyne De Leeuw, Anna Stevenson, Gwyn Jolley, Sandra K. Mccarthy, Erik Martin Jan 2017

Healthy Cities, Urbanisation, And Healthy Islands: Oceania, Evelyne De Leeuw, Anna Stevenson, Gwyn Jolley, Sandra K. Mccarthy, Erik Martin

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Oceania is described as a vast and diverse region in which some of the world's greatest and biggest cities are found, but also ones that may not feature on the urbanist radar (e.g. the densely populated capitals of many Pacific Island nations). After an introduction to the ecological, demographic and cultural diversity of this part of the world this chapter proceeds with case descriptions of Christchurch (New Zealand), Onkaparinga and Kiama (Australia), and the Healthy Island initiative. Christchurch, and early adopter of the Healthy Cities idea, benefited from its flexible and value-based character when it was facing post-earthquake recovery challenges. …

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Is Reflection 'Overdone' In Nursing Education?, Rebekkah Middleton Jan 2017

Is Reflection 'Overdone' In Nursing Education?, Rebekkah Middleton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Nursing educators, and indeed almost every healthcare practitioner, advocates the notion of reflection on practice (deVries & Timmins, 2016). With healthcare aspiring to bridge the theory-practice gap, critical reflection is required so that healthcare professionals are empowered and have capacity for change. Then they are able to contribute to improving health outcomes. We know this is true, but can reflection be overdone with nursing students so that the meaning and value of reflection is lost.

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Stability Of Mild Cognitive Impairment In Newly Diagnosed Parkinson's Disease, Rachael Lawson, Alison Yarnall, Gordon W. Duncan, David Breen, Tien Kheng Khoo, Caroline Williams-Gray, Roger Barker, David J. Burn Jan 2017

Stability Of Mild Cognitive Impairment In Newly Diagnosed Parkinson's Disease, Rachael Lawson, Alison Yarnall, Gordon W. Duncan, David Breen, Tien Kheng Khoo, Caroline Williams-Gray, Roger Barker, David J. Burn

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in early Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the stability of PD-MCI over time to determine its clinical utility as a marker of disease. Methods: 212 newly diagnosed participants with PD were recruited into a longitudinal study and reassessed after 18 and 36 months. Participants completed a range of clinical and neuropsychological assessments. PD-MCI was classified using Movement Disorders Society Task Force level I (Montreal Cognitive Assessment < 26) and level II (using cut-offs of 1, 1.5 and 2SD) criteria. Results: After 36 months, 75% of participants returned; 8% of patients had developed a dementia all of which were previously PD-MCI. Applying level I criteria, 70% were cognitively stable, 19% cognitively declined and 11% improved over 36 months. Applying level II criteria (1, 1.5 and 2SD), 25% were cognitively stable, 41% cognitively declined, 15% improved and 19% fluctuated over 36 months. 18% of participants reverted to normal cognition from PD-MCI. Discussion: Cognitive impairment in PD is complex, with some individuals' function fluctuating over time and some reverting to normal cognition. PD-MCI level I criteria may have greater clinical convenience, but more comprehensive level II criteria with 2SD cut-offs may offer greater diagnostic certainty.

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Effect Of Interdisciplinary Care On Weight Loss: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Linda C. Tapsell, Maureen A. Lonergan, Marijka Batterham, Elizabeth Neale, Allison Martin, Rebecca L. Thorne, Frank P. Deane, Gregory E. Peoples Jan 2017

Effect Of Interdisciplinary Care On Weight Loss: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Linda C. Tapsell, Maureen A. Lonergan, Marijka Batterham, Elizabeth Neale, Allison Martin, Rebecca L. Thorne, Frank P. Deane, Gregory E. Peoples

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a novel interdisciplinary treatment compared with usual care on weight loss in overweight and obese adult volunteers. Design: Single blinded controlled trial. Participants randomly assigned to usual care (C, general guideline-based diet and exercise advice), intervention (I, interdisciplinary protocol) or intervention + a healthy food supplement (30 g walnuts/day) (IW). Setting: Community based study, Illawarra region, south of Sydney, Australia. Participants: Generally well volunteer adult residents, 25-54 years, body mass index (BMI) 25-40kg/m 2 were eligible. At baseline 439 were assessed, 377 were randomised, 298 completed the 3-month intensive phase and 178 completed the …

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Miocene To Recent Extension In Nw Sulawesi, Indonesia, Eldert Advokaat, Robert Hall, Lloyd T. White, Ian Watkinson, Alfend Rudyawan, Marcelle Boudagher Fadel Jan 2017

Miocene To Recent Extension In Nw Sulawesi, Indonesia, Eldert Advokaat, Robert Hall, Lloyd T. White, Ian Watkinson, Alfend Rudyawan, Marcelle Boudagher Fadel

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Malino Metamorphic Complex (MMC) in the western part of the North Arm of Sulawesi (Indonesia) has previously been suggested to be a metamorphic complex exhumed in the Early-Middle Miocene. This idea was based on limited K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age data, but no structural data were presented to provide evidence for the mechanism of exhumation. Here we present new field observations, micro-structural analyses and a revised stratigraphy of NW Sulawesi based on new age data, to provide better constraints on the timing and mechanism of exhumation. The data presented here suggest that the MMC is a metamorphic core complex which …

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The Environmental And Evolutionary History Of Lake Ohrid (Fyrom/Albania): Interim Results From The Scopsco Deep Drilling Project, Bernd Wagner, Thomas Wilke, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Henrike Baumgarten, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Michele D'Addabbo, Timme H. Donders Jan 2017

The Environmental And Evolutionary History Of Lake Ohrid (Fyrom/Albania): Interim Results From The Scopsco Deep Drilling Project, Bernd Wagner, Thomas Wilke, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Henrike Baumgarten, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Michele D'Addabbo, Timme H. Donders

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This study reviews and synthesises existing information generated within the SCOPSCO (Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid) deep drilling project. The four main aims of the project are to infer (i) the age and origin of Lake Ohrid (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Republic of Albania), (ii) its regional seismotectonic history, (iii) volcanic activity and climate change in the central northern Mediterranean region, and (iv) the influence of major geological events on the evolution of its endemic species. The Ohrid basin formed by transtension during the Miocene, opened during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, and the lake established de …

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Ostracod Calcite Records The 18O/16O Ratio Of The Bicarbonate And Carbonate Ions In Water, Laurent Devriendt, Helen V. Mcgregor, Allan Chivas Jan 2017

Ostracod Calcite Records The 18O/16O Ratio Of The Bicarbonate And Carbonate Ions In Water, Laurent Devriendt, Helen V. Mcgregor, Allan Chivas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The δ 18 O of ostracod valves is widely used to infer water δ 18 O and temperature. However, ostracod δ 18 O appears sensitive to other environmental variables. In addition, there is species-dependent ostracod calcite 18 O enrichment, relative to slowly precipitated inorganic calcite under the same conditions. Together these uncertainties complicate ostracod paleoclimate reconstructions. This study presents a new understanding of the causes of ostracod δ 18 O variations based on a global database of published ostracod δ 18 O values in lake, marine and coastal environments, and from culture experiments. The database includes associated field/experiment host water …

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Viability Of Raman Microscopy To Identify Micro-Residues Related To Tool-Use And Modern Contaminants On Prehistoric Stone Artefacts, Luc Bordes, Linda C. Prinsloo, Richard Fullagar, Thomas Sutikna, Elspeth H. Hayes, - Jatmiko, E Wahyu Saptomo, Matthew W. Tocheri, Richard G. Roberts Jan 2017

Viability Of Raman Microscopy To Identify Micro-Residues Related To Tool-Use And Modern Contaminants On Prehistoric Stone Artefacts, Luc Bordes, Linda C. Prinsloo, Richard Fullagar, Thomas Sutikna, Elspeth H. Hayes, - Jatmiko, E Wahyu Saptomo, Matthew W. Tocheri, Richard G. Roberts

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Analyses of ancient micro-residues and usewear preserved on stone artefacts can potentially provide detailed information about how prehistoric humans used the artefacts to process materials such as food, pigments and/or adhesives. However, ancient micro-residues are likely degraded, and there are multiple potential sources of contamination, such as contact with sediments, groundwater, recent handling, storage materials or laboratory conditions, any of which can inhibit reliable identification of micro-residues and other traces of prehistoric use. In this pilot study, five stone tools from the archaeological site of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia) were used to evaluate the viability of Raman spectroscopy to identity …

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A Geometric Morphometric Relationship Predicts Stone Flake Shape And Size Variability, Will Archer, Cornel Pop, Zeljko Rezek, Stefan Schlager, Sam C. Lin, Marcel Weiss, Tamara Dogandzic, Dawit Desta, Shannon P. Mcpherron Jan 2017

A Geometric Morphometric Relationship Predicts Stone Flake Shape And Size Variability, Will Archer, Cornel Pop, Zeljko Rezek, Stefan Schlager, Sam C. Lin, Marcel Weiss, Tamara Dogandzic, Dawit Desta, Shannon P. Mcpherron

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The archaeological record represents a window onto the complex relationship between stone artefact variance and hominin behaviour. Differences in the shapes and sizes of stone flakes-the most abundant remains of past behaviours for much of human evolutionary history-may be underpinned by variation in a range of different environmental and behavioural factors. Controlled flake production experiments have drawn inferences between flake platform preparation behaviours, which have thus far been approximated by linear measurements, and different aspects of overall stone flake variability (Dibble and Rezek J Archaeol Sci 36:1945-1954, 2009; Lin et al. Am Antiq 724-745, 2013; Magnani et al. J Archaeol …

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Antarctic Moss Biflavonoids Show High Antioxidant And Ultraviolet-Screening Activity, Melinda J. Waterman, Ari Satia Nugraha, Rudi Hendra, Graham E Ball, Sharon A. Robinson, Paul A. Keller Jan 2017

Antarctic Moss Biflavonoids Show High Antioxidant And Ultraviolet-Screening Activity, Melinda J. Waterman, Ari Satia Nugraha, Rudi Hendra, Graham E Ball, Sharon A. Robinson, Paul A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Ceratodon purpureus is a cosmopolitan moss that survives some of the harshest places on Earth: from frozen Antarctica to hot South Australian deserts. In a study on the survival mechanisms of the species, nine compounds were isolated from Australian and Antarctic C. purpureus. This included five biflavonoids, with complete structural elucidation of 1 and 2 reported here for the first time, as well as an additional four known phenolic compounds. Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations suggested a rotational barrier, leading to atropisomerism, resulting in the presence of diastereomers for compound 2. All isolates absorbed strongly in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, e.g., biflavone …

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Oxygen Isotope Fractionation In The Caco3-Dic-H2o System, Laurent Devriendt, James M. Watkins, Helen V. Mcgregor Jan 2017

Oxygen Isotope Fractionation In The Caco3-Dic-H2o System, Laurent Devriendt, James M. Watkins, Helen V. Mcgregor

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The oxygen isotope ratio (δ 18 O) of inorganic and biogenic carbonates is widely used to reconstruct past environments. However, the oxygen isotope exchange between CaCO 3 and H 2 O rarely reaches equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects (KIE) commonly complicate paleoclimate reconstructions. We present a comprehensive model of kinetic and equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation between CaCO 3 and water (α c/w ) that accounts for fractionation between both (a) CaCO 3 and the CO 3 2− pool (α c/CO 3 2- ), and (b) CO 3 2− and water (α CO 3 2- /w ), as a function of …

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Draft Genome Sequence Of Bacillus Sp. Strain Cdb3, An Arsenic-Resistant Soil Bacterium Isolated From Cattle Dip Sites, Yiren Yang, Ren Zhang Jan 2017

Draft Genome Sequence Of Bacillus Sp. Strain Cdb3, An Arsenic-Resistant Soil Bacterium Isolated From Cattle Dip Sites, Yiren Yang, Ren Zhang

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Bacillus sp. strain CDB3, isolated from cattle dip sites in Australia, is highly resistant to arsenic. It contains 22 arsenic resistance (ars) genes, of which 17 are organized in 3 ars clusters. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of CDB3, which will assist us in understanding the overall ars mechanism.

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Relative Functional And Optical Absorption Cross-Sections Of Psii And Other Photosynthetic Parameters Monitored In Situ, At A Distance With A Time Resolution Of A Few Seconds, Using A Prototype Light Induced Fluorescence Transient (Lift) Device, Barry Osmond, Wah Soon Chow, Rhys Wyber, Alonso Zavafer, Beat Keller, Barry Pogson, Sharon A. Robinson Jan 2017

Relative Functional And Optical Absorption Cross-Sections Of Psii And Other Photosynthetic Parameters Monitored In Situ, At A Distance With A Time Resolution Of A Few Seconds, Using A Prototype Light Induced Fluorescence Transient (Lift) Device, Barry Osmond, Wah Soon Chow, Rhys Wyber, Alonso Zavafer, Beat Keller, Barry Pogson, Sharon A. Robinson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The prototype light-induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) instrument provides continuous, minimally intrusive, high time resolution (~2 s) assessment of photosynthetic performance in terrestrial plants from up to 2 m. It induces a chlorophyll fluorescence transient by a series of short flashes in a saturation sequence (180 ~1μs flashlets inμs) to achieve near-full reduction of the primary acceptor QA, followed by a relaxation sequence (RQA; 90 flashlets at exponentially increasing intervals over ~30 ms) to observe kinetics of QA re-oxidation. When fitted by the fast repetition rate (FRR) model (Kolber et al. 1998) the QA flash of LIFT/FRR gives smaller values for …

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Non-Intrusive Assessment Of Photosystem Ii And Photosystem I In Whole Coral Tissues, Milan Szabo, Anthony W.D Larkum, David Suggett, Imre Vass, Lazslo Sass, Barry Osmond, Alonso Zavafer, Peter J. Ralph, Wah Soon Chow Jan 2017

Non-Intrusive Assessment Of Photosystem Ii And Photosystem I In Whole Coral Tissues, Milan Szabo, Anthony W.D Larkum, David Suggett, Imre Vass, Lazslo Sass, Barry Osmond, Alonso Zavafer, Peter J. Ralph, Wah Soon Chow

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Reef building corals (phylum Cnidaria) harbour endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae (genus Symbiodinium) that generate photosynthetic products to fuel their host's metabolism. Non-invasive techniques such as chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence analyses of Photosystem II (PSII) have been widely used to estimate the photosynthetic performance of Symbiodinium in hospite. However, since the spatial origin of PSII chlorophyll fluorescence in coral tissues is uncertain, such signals give limited information on depth-integrated photosynthetic performance of the whole tissue. In contrast, detection of absorbance changes in the near infrared (NIR) region integrates signals from deeper tissue layers due to weak absorption and multiple scattering of NIR light. …

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Role Of Dietary Modification In Alleviating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptoms: A Systematic Review, Kathryn Jones, Yasmine Probst Jan 2017

Role Of Dietary Modification In Alleviating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptoms: A Systematic Review, Kathryn Jones, Yasmine Probst

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: To review the evidence for the role of dietary modifications in alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms. Methods: A systematic literature review was guided by PRISMA and conducted using Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science and PsycINFO scientific databases (1994-2016) to identify relevant studies. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, the quality of each paper was assessed and data extracted into a standardised tabular format. Results: Positive outcomes were highlighted in some included studies for polyphenol intakes in animal studies, D-ribose supplementation in humans and aspects of symptom alleviation for one of three polynutrient supplement studies. Omega three fatty acid …

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