Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Future Challenges For Vection Research: Definitions, Functional Significance, Measures, And Neural Bases, Stephen Palmisano, Robert S. Allison, Mark M. Schira, Robert J. Barry

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper discusses four major challenges facing modern vection research. Challenge 1 (Defining Vection) outlines the different ways that vection has been defined in the literature and discusses their theoretical and experimental ramifications. The term vection is most often used to refer to visual illusions of self-motion induced in stationary observers (by moving, or simulating the motion of, the surrounding environment). However, vection is increasingly being used to also refer to non-visual illusions of self-motion, visually mediated self-motion perceptions, and even general subjective experiences (i.e., "feelings") of self-motion. The common thread in all of these definitions is the conscious subjective …

The Oculus Rift: A Cost-Effective Tool For Studying Visual-Vestibular Interactions In Self-Motion Perception, Juno Kim, Charles Y. Chung, Shinji Nakamura, Stephen Palmisano, Sieu Khuu

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

For years now, virtual reality devices have been applied in the field of vision science in an attempt to improve our understanding of perceptual principles underlying the experience of self-motion. Some of this research has been concerned with exploring factors involved in the visually-induced illusory perception of self-motion, known as vection. We examined the usefulness of the cost-effective Oculus Rift in generating vection in seated observers. This device has the capacity to display optic flow in world coordinates by compensating for tracked changes in 3D head orientation. We measured vection strength in three conditions of visual compensation for head movement: …

Walking Without Optic Flow Reduces Subsequent Vection, Takeharu Seno, Stephen Palmisano, B Riecke, S Nakamura

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This experiment investigated the effect of walking without optic flow on subsequent vection induction and strength. Two groups of participants walked for 5 min (either wearing Ganzfeld goggles or with normal vision) prior to exposure to a vection-inducing stimulus. We then measured the onset latency and strength of vection induced by a radially expanding pattern of optic flow. The results showed that walking without optic flow transiently yielded later vection onsets and reduced vection strength. We propose that walking without optic flow triggered a sensory readjustment, which reduced the ability of optic flow to induce self-motion perception.

Holistic Processing Of Left-Right And Top-Bottom Composite Faces, Simone K. Favelle, Rachel Robbins

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Paper presented at the Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference 2015, 8-11 April 2015, Sydney, Australia.

Ground Continuity And Distance Perception: An Investigation Of The Effect Of Texture Discontinuity On Perceived Distance, Jordan Goodison, John W. Philbeck, Stephen Palmisano

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Paper presented at the Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference 2015, 8-11 April 2015, Sydney, Australia.

Spatiotemporal Variation In Diabetes Mortality In China: Multilevel Evidence From 2006 And 2012, Maigeng Zhou, Thomas Astell-Burt, Peng Yin, Xiaoqi Feng, Andrew Page, Yunning Liu, Jiangmei Liu, Yichong Li, Shiwei Liu, Limin Wang, Lijun Wang, Linhong Wang

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Despite previous studies reporting spatial in equality in diabetes prevalence across China, potential geographic variations in diabetes mortality have not been explored. Methods: Age and gender stratified annual diabetes mortality counts for 161 counties were extracted from the China Mortality Surveillance System and interrogated using multilevel negative binomial regression. Random slopes were used to investigate spatiotemporal variation and the proportion of variance explained was used to assess the relative importance of geographical region, urbanization, mean temperature, local diabetes prevalence, behavioral risk factors and relevant biomarkers. Results: Diabetes mortality tended to reduce between 2006 and 2012, though there appeared to …

The Impact Of Marketing Of 'Junk' Foods On Children's Diet And Weight, Bridget P. Kelly, Lesley King

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Contemporary Western(ised) society is typified by pervasive and aggressive brand promotion, through all communication platforms. Food promotion in particular is a dominant area of marketing, particularly the marketing by large multinational food companies that manufacturer less healthy foods and beverages (Cairns et al. , 2013). The ubiquitous marketing of these unhealthy foods contributes to creating a negative food culture that undermines international and national nutrition recommendations and guidelines for disease prevention. Specifically, frequent exposure to persuasive promotions for unhealthy foods serves to normalise these food products as part of everyday life, create positive brand images, and ultimately encourage (over) consumption …

Mapping Human V4: Correcting Artefact Reveals Hemifield Organisation, Harriet Taylor, Alexander M. Puckett, Zoey Jeanne Isherwood, Mark M. Schira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Paper presented at the Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference 2015, 8-11 April 2015, Sydney, Australia.

Recovery In Mental Health In Western Sydney: Use Of The Integrated Atlas Of Care For Context Analysis And Planning, L Salvador-Carulla, A Fernandez, Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng, J Gillespie, J Smith-Merry

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 15th International Conference on Integrated Care, 25-27 March 2015, Edinburgh, Scotland

Propensity Score Weighting For Addressing Under-Reporting In Mortality Surveillance: A Proof-Of-Concept Study Using The Nationally Representative Mortality Data In China, Kang Guo, Peng Yin, Lijun Wang, Yibing Ji, Qingfeng Li, David Bishai, Shiwei Liu, Yunning Liu, Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng, Jinling You, Jiangmei Liu, Maigeng Zhou

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: National mortality data are obtained routinely by the Disease Surveillance Points system (DSPs) in China and under-reporting is a big challenge in mortality surveillance. Methods: We carried out an under-reporting field survey in all 161 DSP sites to collect death cases during 2009 - 2011, using a multi-stage stratified sampling. To identify under-reporting, death data were matched between field survey system and the routine online surveillance system by an automatic computer checking followed by a thorough manual verification. We used a propensity score (PS) weighting method based on a logistic regression to calculate the under-reporting rate in different groups …

The Distinctive Capacities Of Plants: Re-Thinking Difference Via Invasive Species, Lesley M. Head, Jennifer M. Atchison, Catherine Phillips

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The lower status of plants relative to animals, one of the defining characteristics of Western thought, is under challenge from diverse research in botany, philosophy and the more-than-human social sciences including geography. Although the agency of plants is increasingly demonstrated, scholars have yet to fully respond, for plants, to Lulka's call to attend more carefully to the details of nonhuman difference (Lulka D 2009 The residual humanism of hybridity: retaining a sense of the earth Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS 34 378-93). This paper advances the concept of the shared capacities of plants, in order to take …

Researching The Journey Of A Lifetime, Anne Cusick

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This newspaper article describes factors prospective higher degree research students should consider when deciding whether or not to commence PhD studies, where and with whom. The conceptual framework underpinning the advice provided is that of occupational socialization as applied to the development of research roles. The factors identified are those that have been demonstrated to enable, impede and accelerate acquisition of productive and engaged research roles.

The Contribution Of Genre Theory To Literacy Education In Australia, Beverly M. Derewianka

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This chapter traces the history of genre theory and pedagogy in Australia, its current status and reflections on future prospects.

Mechanisms Underpinning Interventions To Reduce Sexual Violence In Armed Conflict: A Realist-Informed Systematic Review, Jo Spangaro, Chinelo Adogu, Anthony Zwi, Geetha Ranmuthugala, Gawaine Davies

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2015 Spangaro et al. Sexual violence is recognised as a widespread consequence of armed conflict and other humanitarian crises. The limited evidence in literature on interventions in this field suggests a need for alternatives to traditional review methods, particularly given the challenges of undertaking research in conflict and crisis settings. This study employed a realist review of the literature on interventions with the aim of identifying the mechanisms at work across the range of types of intervention. The realist approach is an exploratory and theory-driven review method. It is well suited to complex interventions as it takes into account contextual …

Screening For Cervical, Prostate, And Breast Cancer: Interpreting The Evidence, Stacy M. Carter, Jane H. Williams, Lisa M. Parker, Kristen Pickles, Gemma L. Jacklyn, Lucie Rychetnik, Alexandra Barratt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cancer screening is an important component of prevention and early detection in public health and clinical medicine. The evidence for cancer screening, however, is often contentious. A description and explanation of disagreements over the evidence for cervical, breast, and prostate screening may assist physicians, policymakers, and citizens faced with screening decisions and suggest directions for future screening research. There are particular issues to be aware of in the evidence base for each form of screening, which are summarized in this paper. Five tensions explain existing conflicts over the evidence: (1) data from differing contexts may not be comparable; (2) screening …

Implementing A One Health Approach To Emerging Infectious Disease: Reflections On The Socio-Political, Ethical And Legal Dimensions, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson, Ian Kerridge, Andrew Wilson, Michael P. Ward, Cameron Stewart, Gwendolyn L. Gilbert

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: 'One Health' represents a call for health researchers and practitioners at the human, animal and environmental interfaces to work together to mitigate the risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). A One Health approach emphasizing inter-disciplinary co-operation is increasingly seen as necessary for effective EID control and prevention. There are, however, socio-political, ethical and legal challenges, which must be met by such a One Health approach. Discussion: Based on the philosophical review and critical analysis of scholarship around the theory and practice of One Health it is clear that EID events are not simply about pathogens jumping species …

The Use Of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Among A Community Sample Of People With Chronic Non‐Cancer Pain Prescribed Opioids, Bianca Hoban, Briony K. Larance, Natasa Gisev, Suzanne Nielsen, Milton Cohen, Raimondo Bruno, Fiona Shand, Nicholas Lintzeris, Wayne Hall, Michael P. Farrell, Louisa Degenhardt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

The regular use of simple analgesics in addition to opioids such as paracetamol (or acetaminophen) is recommended for persistent pain to enhance analgesia. Few studies have examined the frequency and doses of paracetamol among people with chronic non‐cancer pain including use above the recommended maximum daily dose.

Aims

To assess (i) the prevalence of paracetamol use among people with chronic non‐cancer pain prescribed opioids, (ii) assess the prevalence of paracetamol use above the recommended maximum daily dose and (iii) assess correlates of people who used paracetamol above the recommended maximum daily dose including: age, gender, income, education, pain severity …

Art Or Craft: Interest Or Pinterest?, Gai M. Lindsay

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Contradicting the regularly quoted mantra that 'it's the process not the product', calendar events often drive the mass production of identical seasonal products such as footprint reindeers, Valentine cards or paper-plate Easter bunnies.

An Inductive Exploration Into The Flow Experiences Of European Tour Golfers, Christian F. Swann, Lee Crust, Richard J. Keegan, David Piggott, Brian Hemmings

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study explored perceptions regarding the experience of flow in elite golf; a sport which is different to those studied previously due to its self-paced, stop-start nature. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 European Tour golfers. Whereas the majority of previous studies have deductively coded data into Csikszentmihalyi's dimensions, the data in this study were analysed inductively. Thirteen categories were generated which described the flow experiences of these golfers, and these were compared with the original flow dimensions after analysis. In contrast to previous understanding, these golfers reported being aware that they were in flow as it occurred, and …

Research Training As Occupational Socialization: Doing Research And Becoming Researchers, Anne Cusick

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Social science research training is de-facto occupational socialisation to researcher-roles. To do research, trainees need to develop and demonstrate advanced scholarship that complies with disciplinary norms and perform tasks to pre-determined standards. Functionalist approaches to occupational socialization underpin the performative and standardised approach to research training common in universities. But there is more to research training than doing research. If truly successful, trainees will become researchers. They will take on the researcher-role and make it their own. Interpretive approaches to occupational socialization help illuminate intra- and inter-personal dimensions of role-taking and role-making, however this approach is rarely used to inform …

The Mobilities And Post-Mobilities Of Cargo, Thomas Birtchnell, John Urry

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cargo is moved from factories through global production networks via supply chains to consumers, but this process is hidden from them by what Raymond Williams termed the magic system of marketing and what Allan Sekula and Noël Burch call the forgotten space of containerization. This paper addresses recent concern that the mobilities paradigm has neglected two domains relevant to cargo: global production networks and global cultures of consumption. These domains are examined in relation to three key elements in this paper: distribution, consumption and marketing. In assessing moving consumption from the perspective of the mobilities paradigm, this paper recommends that …

The Relationship Between Implicit Beliefs, Anxiety, And Attributional Style In High-Level Soccer Players, Lauren Gardner, Stewart A. Vella, Christopher A. Magee

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study investigated whether attributional style mediated the relationship between implicit beliefs and competition anxiety. Seventy-two soccer players completed the Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire-Version 2, Sports Competition Anxiety Test, and short form Sports Attributional Style Scale. Entity beliefs were associated with heightened anxiety. Incremental beliefs were associated with lowered anxiety. Uncontrollable and global attributions mediated the relationship between entity beliefs and anxiety. Controllable and specific attributions mediated the relationship between incremental beliefs and anxiety. The social-cognitive model of achievement motivation appears to apply to the sporting domain and may facilitate anxiety and attribution research.

Should We Swear In Front Of Our Kids?, Amy Conley Wright

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The other day, my toddler son came home from childcare saying "piss poo". He is one of the younger children in his classroom and clearly he heard this phrase from an older child he admired. I couldn't help laughing at this unexpected outburst, which reinforced this behaviour - thus cementing the phrase in his emerging vocabulary. Now he goes around muttering "piss poo piss poo pissy poo" under his breath as he goes about his business. Is this a bad thing? Should I scold him for using words he doesn't know the meaning of? Should I discourage him from using …

The Incorporation Of Transformative Consumer Research Principles Within The 'Cancer Good News' Social Marketing Project: A Case Study, Lyn Phillipson, Julie Hall, Leissa Pitts

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the World Social Marketing Conference, 19-21 April 2015, Sydney, Australia

Transformation Of Traditional Face-To-Face Teaching To Mobile Teaching And Learning: Pedagogical Perspectives, Jan Turbill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Teaching students in a face-to-face context has been and, in many institutions of education, still is the only form of teaching in higher education. However, in the past 20 years, there has been a slowly increasing movement toward transforming the higher education teaching and learning experience from face-to-face to a mobile online learning experience. For most teachers this move is quite a challenge and raises many issues and questions. These include questions such as: What mobile technologies are available to employ? What teaching practices are best to use? Will student learning outcomes be better or worse as a result? And …

The Relationship Between Expressed Emotion And Wellbeing For Families And Carers Of A Relative With Borderline Personality Disorder, Rachel C. Bailey, Brin F. S Grenyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Previous research has found that family environments high in expressed emotion, in particular emotional overinvolvement, are beneficial to the clinical outcome of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship between expressed emotion, carer burden and carer wellbeing. Method: A total of 280 carers of a relative with BPD were administered the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD - Carer Version, The Family Questionnaire, Burden Assessment Scale and Mental Health Inventory. Results: Carers reported family environments high in expressed emotion, particularly criticism (82.9% of carers) and emotional overinvolvement (69.6%). Elevated emotional overinvolvement was correlated …

"I 'Feel' Like I Am At University Even Though I Am Online." Exploring How Students Narrate Their Engagement With Higher Education Institutions In An Online Learning Environment, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea, Cathy Stone, Janine Delahunty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article outlines a collaborative study between higher education institutions in Australia, which qualitatively explored the online learning experience for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The project adopted a narrative inquiry approach and encouraged students to story their experiences of this virtual environment, providing a snapshot of how learning is experienced by those undertaking online studies. The study explores what impacted upon students' engagement in this environment and how different facets of their learning experience made a qualitative difference to how individuals enacted engagement. Drawing upon Sharon Pittaway's engagement framework, the article seeks to foreground student voice as the learners define …

Transforming Shark Hazard Policy: Learning From Ocean-Users And Shark Encounter In Western Australia, Leah Maree Gibbs, Andrew T. Warren

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Killing sharks is a popular strategy for reducing risk for beach-goers and ocean-users. But the effectiveness of kill-based strategies is debated and the ecological and economic costs are high. In Western Australia the state government introduced new policy in 2012 in response to shark-related fatalities, to track, catch and destroy sharks deemed to pose an 'imminent threat' to beach-goers. This paper reports on a survey of Western Australia-based ocean-users, and pursues two aims: to develop an understanding of the experiences of ocean-users in encountering sharks; and to learn about the attitudes of ocean-users towards shark hazard management. The research finds …

Association Between Sodium Excretion And Hydration Status By Free Water Reserve: A Cross-Sectional Analysis In Adolescents, Carla Goncalves, Sandra Abreu, Patricia Padrao, Olivia Pinho, Pedro Graca, Joao Breda, Rute Santos, Pedro Moreira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Excessive sodium intake is excreted through urine and could affect hydration status. This study aims to describe hydration status in adolescents and to assess the association between hydration status by free water reserve (FWR) and urinary sodium excretion. Methods: Two hundred participants (118 girls), aged 13-18 years completed the study. Median urinary sodium excretion was measured in one 24-hour collection and was used as a proxy for sodium intake. FWR (measured urine volume minus the obligatory urine volume) was used for characterization of hydration status, and linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between urinary sodium excretion …

Dynamic Composite Faces Are Processed Holistically, Simone K. Favelle, Alanna Tobin, Daniel Piepers, Darren Burke, Rachel Robbins

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Holistic processing is considered one of the hallmarks of face recognition. Recent studies using the composite task claim to show a lack of holistic processing for dynamic faces, however they only presented moving faces in the learning phase and tested with static composite images. So while previous research has addressed the question of whether moving faces influence the processing of subsequently viewed static faces, the question of whether moving faces are processed holistically remains unanswered. We address that question here. In our study participants learned faces in motion and were tested on moving composite faces, or learned static faces and …