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The Qualitative Report

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

“Be Authentic”: Authenticity Norms In German Politics And Self-Idealizations Of Members Of The Bundestag, Alexander Geimer, Steffen Amling Jun 2019

“Be Authentic”: Authenticity Norms In German Politics And Self-Idealizations Of Members Of The Bundestag, Alexander Geimer, Steffen Amling

The Qualitative Report

This contribution goes back to a study of the formative power of identity norms in professional fields of occupation (fine arts and politics). In this article, we focus on the understanding of identity norms that members of the German Bundestag have to meet and/or to cope with. Thus, our research question is which demands professional politicians encounter and which ways of dealing with them are established. Operating at the intersection of governmentality studies, subjectivation analysis and qualitative inquiry, and based on narrative interviews with MPs, this paper demonstrates how in the field of German politics (at federal level) the MPs …


“They Can Speak English, But They Don’T Want To Use It.” Teaching Contents Through English In A Bilingual School And Policy Recommendations, Amirul Mukminin, Siti Rahma Sari, Eddy Haryanto, Akhmad Habibi, Marzul Hidayat, Lenny Marzulina, Nurulanningsih Nurulanningsih, Ikhsan Ikhsan Jun 2019

“They Can Speak English, But They Don’T Want To Use It.” Teaching Contents Through English In A Bilingual School And Policy Recommendations, Amirul Mukminin, Siti Rahma Sari, Eddy Haryanto, Akhmad Habibi, Marzul Hidayat, Lenny Marzulina, Nurulanningsih Nurulanningsih, Ikhsan Ikhsan

The Qualitative Report

The growing need for English as a key to global communication, relations, and information, is noticeable in schools around the world. In response to these imperatives of global competitiveness, one of the private bilingual schools in Indonesia has adopted English as a medium of instruction (EMI). The aim of this study was to explore the implementation of English as a language of instruction in a bilingual school in teaching contents in one private bilingual school in Jambi City, Indonesia. The data were collected through demographic profiles, documents, and semi-structured in-depth interviews. The documents were used to find out the comprehensive …


A Qualitative Exploration Of Teachers’ Experiences With Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder Transitioning And Adjusting To Inclusion: Impacts Of The Home And School Collaboration, Chana S. Josilowski, Wendy Morris Jun 2019

A Qualitative Exploration Of Teachers’ Experiences With Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder Transitioning And Adjusting To Inclusion: Impacts Of The Home And School Collaboration, Chana S. Josilowski, Wendy Morris

The Qualitative Report

Although inclusive classrooms provide unique opportunities for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), these students face barriers during the initial transition from self-contained classrooms (Sanahuja-Gavaldà, Olmos-Rueda, & Morón-Velasco, 2016). The purpose of this qualitative, generic study was to identify how home and school collaboration impacted the transition and adjustment of students with ASD to an inclusive setting. Using a generic qualitative methodology, we collected data from 16 teachers who responded to a series of open-ended questions about their experiences with parental engagement during the transition to inclusion for students with ASD. Three themes emerged; teachers indicated that when parents and …


The “Journey” Of Doctoral Study In Applied Psychology: Lived Experiences Of Students In Counseling, Clinical, And School Psychology, Jason S. Frydman, Linda Cheung, Joseph G. Ponterotto Jun 2019

The “Journey” Of Doctoral Study In Applied Psychology: Lived Experiences Of Students In Counseling, Clinical, And School Psychology, Jason S. Frydman, Linda Cheung, Joseph G. Ponterotto

The Qualitative Report

A qualitative methodology was adopted to explore the lived experiences of doctoral level students in applied psychology. A total of 15 students ranging in age from 24 to 43, who were at varying levels of their doctoral education, participated in individual semi-structured interviews exploring themes related to influences for the pursuit of graduate study, experiences in their program of study, and general reflections of the graduate school journey. All interviews were conducted from a constructivist-interpretivist model, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a phenomenological coding approach (Creswell, 2012; Moustakas, 1994). Emergent broad themes included antecedents leading to graduate study, current experience …


Exploring Counselors’ Personal Guiding Theories: A Qualitative Study In Portraiture, Amy L. Barth, Jane E. Rheineck, Carrie Merino Dr. Jun 2019

Exploring Counselors’ Personal Guiding Theories: A Qualitative Study In Portraiture, Amy L. Barth, Jane E. Rheineck, Carrie Merino Dr.

The Qualitative Report

A personal guiding theory of counseling is an important component of professional identity development for counselors. We utilized the qualitative methodology of portraiture to explore how professional counselors understand their own personal guiding theories of counseling. Three research portraits are shared that demonstrate how participants use the counseling relationship as the means to incorporate their personal guiding theories into their work with clients. Implications for counselors and counselor educators and future research are presented.


A Model For Developing Interdisciplinary Research Theoretical Frameworks, A. S. Cohenmiller, Elizabeth Pate Jun 2019

A Model For Developing Interdisciplinary Research Theoretical Frameworks, A. S. Cohenmiller, Elizabeth Pate

The Qualitative Report

Embedded in interdisciplinary research, just as in disciplinary research, are statements of purpose, theoretical frameworks, research questions, reviews of literature, methodology, findings, recommendations, and more However, one of the least understood aspects of interdisciplinary research is the interdisciplinary research (IDR) theoretical framework. This article is intended to serve as a platform for dialogue within and across disciplines about interdisciplinary research and interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks. In addition, it provides a model for developing an IDR theoretical framework through an illustrative example of how an IDR theoretical framework was created and used within a dissertation study. We conclude the article noting critical …


“I Wanted To Know More”: A Narrative Exploration Of Community College Students’ Goals And Aspirations, Jason P. Vanora May 2019

“I Wanted To Know More”: A Narrative Exploration Of Community College Students’ Goals And Aspirations, Jason P. Vanora

The Qualitative Report

The literature on community colleges is overwhelmed by outcomes-oriented data concerning retention, attrition, and graduation rates. What we lack is a more complete understanding of why community college students choose to enroll in the first place. The current study seeks to fill this gap. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, students reported feeling motivated to attend community college by their desires to reconstruct themselves as scholars, make proud their families and communities of origin, achieve social mobility, and develop a more accomplished and purposeful sense of self. Implications of these findings for teaching and learning are discussed, as is the …


The Underreported Significance Of Transcription Decisions: Perspectives Gained From Two Different Vantage Points, Lilian Cibils May 2019

The Underreported Significance Of Transcription Decisions: Perspectives Gained From Two Different Vantage Points, Lilian Cibils

The Qualitative Report

In this paper, I propose redefining transcription as a significant process within qualitative research, and as more deserving of attention and of transparency in reporting. Although interviewing has become one of the most frequently used methods of qualitative data collection, when summarizing the methodology adopted in their studies, researchers are still not likely to describe either the transcription process itself or the decision-making process that led up to it. One of the problems with transcription is that it is frequently addressed separately from the broader philosophical, ideological or epistemological contexts of a study, and dealt with as a minor independent …


A Co/Autoethnography Of Peer Support And Phds: Being, Doing, And Sharing In Academia, Karen Mcphail-Bell, Michelle Louise Redman-Maclaren Dr May 2019

A Co/Autoethnography Of Peer Support And Phds: Being, Doing, And Sharing In Academia, Karen Mcphail-Bell, Michelle Louise Redman-Maclaren Dr

The Qualitative Report

As doctoral students, we were well aware of the social, cultural, and economic isolation experienced by many students working towards a PhD. In this paper, we provide an account of an informal peer support model that assisted us to successfully complete our PhDs. We used co/autoethnography to write into each other’s story, seeking to improve our research practice through creative reflection. Data included over 215 emails generated through our “weekly check-ins” during our PhDs, for a period of over 18 months. Following the iterative nature of co/autoethnography, we generated further data through collaborative analysis and reflexive, creative writing. Analysis involved …


“Do I Need Exercise?” A Qualitative Study On Factors Affecting Leisure-Time Physical Activity In India, Shalini Garg, V Raman Kutty May 2019

“Do I Need Exercise?” A Qualitative Study On Factors Affecting Leisure-Time Physical Activity In India, Shalini Garg, V Raman Kutty

The Qualitative Report

Physical activity can reduce the risk of premature mortality from various chronic diseases. Previous research in Kerala, India indicates several barriers which can impact physical activity levels. Perceptions about the importance of health-promoting physical activity were examined among adults in Kerala and various facilitators, motivators and barriers to physical activity were identified using focus group discussions and interviews with key informants. At present, the attitude of people and health professionals is that physical activity has to be taken up when diagnosed with a disease (obesity, diabetes) and advised by a health professional. Men were more likely to start exercising after …


Bringing Research To Life: A Review Of Leavy’S Research Design, Alexandra Ch Nowakowski May 2019

Bringing Research To Life: A Review Of Leavy’S Research Design, Alexandra Ch Nowakowski

The Qualitative Report

In this review, I examine the contents, themes, and possibilities of Patricia Leavy’s Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and Community-Based Participatory Approaches. Specifically, I outline the (1) contents of the book in relation to its development of research methodology and potential for use in research methods classes, and (2) the usefulness of this text for bettering and diversifying pedagogical approaches to social research methods. Further, I discuss limitations in the work in terms of possibilities for future additions or expansions teachers may add to the use of this book in courses. In conclusion, I offer overall thoughts …


Generalising From Qualitative Research (Gqr): A New Old Approach, John Guenther, Ian Falk May 2019

Generalising From Qualitative Research (Gqr): A New Old Approach, John Guenther, Ian Falk

The Qualitative Report

In this paper, the authors debunk a long-held myth that generalisation is primarily the domain of quantitative research. Based on a review of modern and historical approaches to generalisation, they argue that generalisation from qualitative research (GQR) can be achieved, not through a process of self-justification, but through defensible and rigorous research design and methods. The authors go on to consider examples from their own qualitative research work spanning the last 20 years. From these examples they offer mechanisms that qualitative researchers can employ to generalise from their findings. They suggest that generalisation is achieved through a process of generalisation …


Women’S Experiences With Epilepsy Treatment In Southern India: A Focused Ethnography, Jane R. Von Gaudecker 3172782758, Ann Gill Taylor, Janice M. Buelow, Sailas Benjamin, Claire B. Draucker May 2019

Women’S Experiences With Epilepsy Treatment In Southern India: A Focused Ethnography, Jane R. Von Gaudecker 3172782758, Ann Gill Taylor, Janice M. Buelow, Sailas Benjamin, Claire B. Draucker

The Qualitative Report

Women with epilepsy in rural southern India often do not receive anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs) or take these drugs regularly, but little is known about how they experience the epilepsy treatment they do receive. The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth description of the treatment experiences of women in this region who had been diagnosed with epilepsy but who do not consistently take AEDs. Focused ethnography was conducted using participant observation and in-depth interviews with six women with epilepsy, eight of their family members, and two traditional healers. The women’s treatment experiences are best described as living at …


In Search Of Themes – Keys To Teaching Qualitative Analysis In Higher Education, Petra K. Boström May 2019

In Search Of Themes – Keys To Teaching Qualitative Analysis In Higher Education, Petra K. Boström

The Qualitative Report

Teaching research methods in psychology involves communicating a number of methods stemming from diverse philosophical traditions. The process of searching for themes is a central part of various qualitative methods of analysis and involves the transformation of coded raw data into a thematic structure. This process has often been briefly described which can create a problem for students who encounter qualitative analysis for the first time. The aim of the present paper is to explore how the process of transforming codes into a thematic structure can be described and communicated through higher education teaching. Literature on research methods and related …


Spark: A Book Review, Ashleigh Watson May 2019

Spark: A Book Review, Ashleigh Watson

The Qualitative Report

Spark, a social research novel by Patricia Leavy, innovatively explores the complexities of doing collaborative, complex research. The story follows Sociology Professor Peyton Wilde during a week-long research seminar in Iceland with, as her invitation reads, "some of the greatest thinkers of our time." With an intriguing setup, swift plotline and lively characters, Leavy reaches to the heart of key concerns in interdisciplinary and mixed-methods research. Such concerns are well-discussed in the wider scholarly literature; Leavy uniquely handles and examines these concerns in fiction in a way that will be valuable to teachers and students alike. Spark makes an …


An Introduction To Transformative Inquiry: Understanding Compelling And Significant Relationships For Personal And Societal Transformation, Mark L. Mccaslin, Kelly A. Kilrea May 2019

An Introduction To Transformative Inquiry: Understanding Compelling And Significant Relationships For Personal And Societal Transformation, Mark L. Mccaslin, Kelly A. Kilrea

The Qualitative Report

Transformative inquiry is a theoretical model designed to facilitate the inquiry of important and meaningful relationships that transform and potentiate us. Creswell (2007) described the essential elements of a research agenda: the axiological, ontological, epistemological, methodological, and rhetorical. Each carries with it assumptions that hold implications for practice and research. Transformative inquiry addresses all of these elements through considerations given to deep ecology, transdisciplinarity, integral meta-theory, heuristic research, and eudaimonistic philosophy, respectively. Transformative inquiry is an approach to understanding and fostering the full range of deep and meaningful relationships from the personal to the political, and beyond. It is a …


What Makes A Good Research Consultant?, Justin Harding, Samantha Estrada, Michael Floren May 2019

What Makes A Good Research Consultant?, Justin Harding, Samantha Estrada, Michael Floren

The Qualitative Report

Statistical and research consulting is defined as the collaboration of a statistician or methodologist with another professional for devising solutions to research problems. An in-depth, interview qualitative approach was taken to answer the research question of what makes a good research consultant. The authors interviewed four faculty members in the field of statistics and research methods and two experienced graduate student consultants. In-depth, face-to-face interviews revealed common themes regarding consultancy skills, resourcefulness, communication and interpersonal skills. The participants discussed how to improve consulting sessions and deal with clients with different statistics levels and backgrounds. Participants felt there was no difference …


Autoethnography As A Lighthouse: Illuminating Race, Research, And The Politics Of Schooling: A Book Review, Katja Sonkeng May 2019

Autoethnography As A Lighthouse: Illuminating Race, Research, And The Politics Of Schooling: A Book Review, Katja Sonkeng

The Qualitative Report

What do a lighthouse and an autoethnography have in common? Whether symbolically or literally, both elements seek to help to navigate through rough waters by providing warnings and guidance. Using this powerful analogy, the editors Stephen Hancock, Ayana Allen, and Chance W. Lewis (2015) crafted a powerful narrative, titled Autoethnography as a Lighthouse: Illuminating Race, Research, and the Politics of Schooling as a volume in the book series Contemporary Perspectives on Access, Equity, and Achievement, edited by Chance W. Lewis and published by Information Age. As poignantly stated right at the beginning of the introductory chapter, the primary aim …


Choice Mums And Children’S Education. Does Feminism Matter? A Qualitative Study, Ana Bravo-Moreno Apr 2019

Choice Mums And Children’S Education. Does Feminism Matter? A Qualitative Study, Ana Bravo-Moreno

The Qualitative Report

The aim of this article is to analyse and compare the experiences of self-labelled feminist and non-feminist women who have consciously chosen to be single mothers. This article contributes to the literature by providing a Spanish context to the experiences of single mothers by choice. Scant research currently exists on the specific characteristics of this type of family and on the influence of gender composition. Furthermore, no research has been conducted on the comparison between feminist and non-feminist single mothers by choice and how their different perspectives may affect their children’s education. The principal argument of this paper is based …


Tribal Gaming Leader Strategies Toward A Sustainable Future, Janie A. Hall, Patricia I. Fusch, Janet M. Booker Apr 2019

Tribal Gaming Leader Strategies Toward A Sustainable Future, Janie A. Hall, Patricia I. Fusch, Janet M. Booker

The Qualitative Report

One aspect of leadership strategy is the need to account for the core values of the organization.The purpose of this case study was to explore the tribal gaming leader strategies used toward sustainability, an action that leads to tribal economic development and stability. The conceptual framework of situational leadership theory was used to guide the scope and analysis of this study. Six tribal gaming leaders from Oklahoma participated in a focus group session; 7 additional tribal gaming leaders from the same gaming organization participated in individual interview sessions. Member checking was used to strengthen the credibility and trustworthiness of the …


Investigating The Emotional Theory Of Mind In Iranian Married Women: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study, Abbas Rahmati, Maryam Poormirzaei, Masoud Bagheri Apr 2019

Investigating The Emotional Theory Of Mind In Iranian Married Women: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study, Abbas Rahmati, Maryam Poormirzaei, Masoud Bagheri

The Qualitative Report

In marital relationships, the type of perception of the spouse’s behavior affects how the social information and behavior of the other couple is processed, leading to psychological consequences. Thus, a higher perception of each other’s mental state is followed by sincerity and more satisfaction with the relations. The present study was performed by using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach with the aim of investigating emotional theory of mind in 19 married Iranian women who were selected by purposive sampling in 2017. In order to coding data, MAXQDA 2018 software and the Colaizzi’s method were used for coding and analyzing the …


Peeling Off The Layers In Qualitative Research: A Book Review Of Robert K. Yin’S Qualitative Research From Start To Finish, Dorcas Matowe Apr 2019

Peeling Off The Layers In Qualitative Research: A Book Review Of Robert K. Yin’S Qualitative Research From Start To Finish, Dorcas Matowe

The Qualitative Report

The title of Robert Yin’s (2016) book, Qualitative Research from Start to Finish, second edition, aptly summarizes what he intended to accomplish and did. The author’s writing and organizational style made for an enjoyable and engaging read given the subject matter. For the student, teacher, or researcher seeking an in-depth understanding of the entire research process, this book covers it all, including an exhaustive reference list on qualitative studies in varied disciplines. In keeping with his training as a social scientist, Yin incorporated his global research experience and understanding of human behavior to produce a book with something to …


Advocating For The Use Of Poetry And Mixed Media Work In Analytic Processes, Jason D. Dehart Apr 2019

Advocating For The Use Of Poetry And Mixed Media Work In Analytic Processes, Jason D. Dehart

The Qualitative Report

As part of my analytical process of looking at data collected from a pilot study on the use of film in the classroom, I discovered that I had the space to engage in a creative analysis process. In this article, I propose that creative methods be employed when analyzing data. An arts-based approach to research (Barone & Eisner, 1997) led to two creative products for my research: Poetry, which has been used with research in the past (Cahnmann, 2003; McCullis, 2013) and mixed media. This article explores relevant literature about integrating poetry and other arts into analysis and serves to …


So You Want To Do Post-Intentional Phenomenological Research?, Katherine E. Soule, Melissa Freeman Apr 2019

So You Want To Do Post-Intentional Phenomenological Research?, Katherine E. Soule, Melissa Freeman

The Qualitative Report

In this article, phenomenology, both in its philosophical and methodological variants, is introduced in the form of a fictional dialogue between a student justifying her interest in using a post-intentional phenomenological approach in her dissertation to her major professor. The dialogue tackles founding philosophers, notably Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty; contemporary researchers, including A. Giorgi, B. Giorgi, van Manen, and Vagle; several phenomenological concepts, such as intentionality, bracketing, and bridling; and provides examples of three distinct approaches to phenomenological research.


Using Cognitive Apprenticeship To Enculturate New Students Into A Qualitative Research, Marisa E. Exter, Iryna Ashby Apr 2019

Using Cognitive Apprenticeship To Enculturate New Students Into A Qualitative Research, Marisa E. Exter, Iryna Ashby

The Qualitative Report

Acquiring and mastering research skills is essential for doctoral students preparing for a future in academia or research-focused positions. However, they are among the most difficult to teach, and significant practice and enculturation is necessary to attain proficiency. The subjective nature of qualitative analysis often leads students to doubt their own abilities. This paper describes how cognitive apprenticeship was paired with Lincoln and Guba’s Constant Comparative Method for Naturalistic Inquiry, using a hands-on, physical card sort approach to mentor a novice qualitative researcher. Steps followed are discussed in detail, and voices of both the mentor and mentee are shared.


A Practical Resource For The Social Sciences: A Book Review Of Bruce Friedman’S The Research Toolkit - Problem Solving Processes For The Social Sciences, Sarah E. Faubert Apr 2019

A Practical Resource For The Social Sciences: A Book Review Of Bruce Friedman’S The Research Toolkit - Problem Solving Processes For The Social Sciences, Sarah E. Faubert

The Qualitative Report

Bruce D. Friedman provides an invaluable resource for social science researchers and practitioners to add to their “toolkit.” This book provides practical and straightforward guidance for understanding and conducting qualitative and quantitative research. As a social science researcher, sessional instructor, and doctoral student, reading this book answered important questions I had regarding the research process and implications of social science research. This review will discuss the primary tenets of the book as well as the relevance of this toolkit for student-researchers.


How Do We Like To Learn Qualitative Data Analysis Software?, Fábio Freitas, Jaime Ribeiro, Catarina Brandão, Carla Azevedo De Almeida, Francislê Neri De Souza, António Pedro Costa Apr 2019

How Do We Like To Learn Qualitative Data Analysis Software?, Fábio Freitas, Jaime Ribeiro, Catarina Brandão, Carla Azevedo De Almeida, Francislê Neri De Souza, António Pedro Costa

The Qualitative Report

The learning of Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) can represent a great challenge and obstacle to the adoption of these tools in support of research. Thus, it seems imperative that CAQDAS developers devise strategies and tools that stimulate and support researchers in the learning process of their applications. To this end, this study focuses on the learning preferences of CAQDAS users. A focus group was conducted with experienced CAQDAS users and an online questionnaire was administered to 232 users from 29 different countries and representing a diversity of 26 CAQDAS. The obtained data allow to infer that the …


The Perception Of Students And Lecturer Of Occupational Therapy On The Importance Of Involvement In Research Projects: The Mind & Gait Project, Jaime Ribeiro, Ana Carolina Noversa, Soares Soares, Joana Azevedo, Patrícia Gomes, Mônica Braúna Costa, Maria Dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues Dixe, Filipa Daniela Costa Couto, João Luís Alves Apóstolo Apr 2019

The Perception Of Students And Lecturer Of Occupational Therapy On The Importance Of Involvement In Research Projects: The Mind & Gait Project, Jaime Ribeiro, Ana Carolina Noversa, Soares Soares, Joana Azevedo, Patrícia Gomes, Mônica Braúna Costa, Maria Dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues Dixe, Filipa Daniela Costa Couto, João Luís Alves Apóstolo

The Qualitative Report

Involvement in research is increasingly playing a crucial role in the training of higher education students, however, there isn’t much found on the literature on this particular subject. The present study aims to gauge the participants’ perception of pedagogical and scientific contributions in the development of research projects, specifically in the elaboration of a Cognitive Stimulation Program. Procedures followed a qualitative approach trough an exploratory descriptive case study research. For data collection, a semi-structured interview, a focus group, with key informants, and a questionnaire, were used for a set of participants (students and a professor) of the third year of …


Developing Interactive Elicitation: Social Desirability Bias And Capturing Play, Matthew Spokes, Jack Denham Apr 2019

Developing Interactive Elicitation: Social Desirability Bias And Capturing Play, Matthew Spokes, Jack Denham

The Qualitative Report

Drawing on research from a mixed-methods project on gaming we argue for a qualitative methodological approach called “interactive elicitation,” a form of data collection that combines elements of photo elicitation, interviewing and vignettes. After situating our broader research project exploring young people’s experiences of violent open-world video games, we outline the process of conducting interactive elicitation, arguing for a mixed-methods approach where participants are observed and interviewed both during and immediately after interacting with particular cultural artefacts, in this case the game GTA V. We reflect on the initial design of the research methodology, the problematic aspects of conducting the …


A Call For Enhancing Saturation At The Qualitative Data Analysis Stage Via The Use Of Multiple Qualitative Data Analysis Approaches, Amber N. Sechelski, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie Apr 2019

A Call For Enhancing Saturation At The Qualitative Data Analysis Stage Via The Use Of Multiple Qualitative Data Analysis Approaches, Amber N. Sechelski, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie

The Qualitative Report

The analysis of data represents the most important and difficult step in the qualitative research process. Thus, recently, a few authors have written methodological works that contain discussion of an array of qualitative data analysis approaches. Yet, despite the call of Leech and Onwuegbuzie (2007) a decade ago for qualitative researchers to analyze a given set of qualitative data in multiple ways, this practice has been largely ignored. Thus, in this article, we bolster the argument for conducting multiple data analyses. In particular, we use data stemming from an interview to demonstrate how using five qualitative data analysis approaches (e.g., …