Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Spontaneous Countermeasures During Polygraph Examinations: An Apparent Exercise In Futility, Kimberly D. Otter-Henderson, Charles R. Honts

Modern Psychological Studies

The frequency and effects of spontaneous countermeasures against a polygraph examination were examined in a mock employment screening study. Eighty subjects were debriefed concerning their use of spontaneous countermeasure following the completion of their Relevant-irrelevant employment screening polygraph examination. Overall, 53.8% of the participants reported the use of at least one spontaneous countermeasure. In a departure from other studies in this area, 30% of the truthful subjects reported trying some intervention in an effort to make themselves look more truthful. An ANOVA revealed neither main effects nor interactions involving the use of a spontaneous countermeasure.

Influence Of Question-Phrasing And Response-Scale In Speed Estimation Of Witnessed Accidents, Melissa M. Winter, Gloria Marmolejo

Modern Psychological Studies

The effect of question phrasing on speed estimation is assessed by means of two rating systems, a verbal rating scale (VRS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Subjects were asked to watch a short video depicting the scene of a car accident and then answer a short memory test concerning the video. The test contained the question, "About how fast was the car going when the crash occurred?" Other subjects received the word "fender-bender" or "impact" in place of the word "crash". Subjects were asked to estimate speed using either a verbal rating or a visual analogue scale. Results indicated …

Influence Of Social Facilitation And Gender Differences On Purchasing Behavior Of Consumers In A Mall, Laura J. Lee, Allison L. Martin

Modern Psychological Studies

Consumers were observed in order to investigate whether it is more likely that lone or group shoppers will make a purchase and to what extent gender differences in purchasing behavior exist. As shoppers exited a Georgia mall, variables such as gender, group orientation, and the presence or absence of a package were recorded. Observations revealed that of 1269 shoppers, nearly 54% of lone shoppers made purchases, compared to 41% of group shoppers, and women carried packages more often than did men. Both the comparison of lone versus group shoppers and the difference in men's and women's buying showed p<.05 from a test for significance between two proportions. Contrary to the social facilitation theory, group shoppers did not consume more than lone individuals. This study suggests that social facilitation effects may be unique to particular environments.

The Correlation Of Social Approachability, Social Interaction, And Tolerance Levels Depending On The Presence Of A Dog, Darla J. Lawson

Modern Psychological Studies

This study attempted to measure social approachability, social interactions, and tolerance levels of other people towards another person depending upon the presence of a dog was conducted. The study itself was divided into two parts. Part one measured the amount of approaches and social interactions made by other people towards a confederate when she was accompanied by a dog versus if a dog did not accompany her. The results indicate that there was a significant increase in social approachability and social interactions when being accompanied by a dog versus not being accompanied by a dog. Part two of the study …

Peer Perception Of Physically Attractive Children And Prejudicial Biases Against Physically Unattractive Children, Darla J. Lawson

Modern Psychological Studies

This paper discusses peer perceptions of children based, upon the physical appearance of other children. The suggestion that physical attractiveness is related to intellect, social status, and personal achievement may seem absurd or unrealistic, however, current research establishes it as fact. Physically attractive children are assumed to have better characteristics than unattractive children. These perceptions are shaped, in part, by the physical appearance of children. This study evaluated the perceptions of a group of children who viewed photographs of other children in which the group members considered to be physically attractive, of average appearance, and physically unattractive. Results of the …

The Influence Of Postevent Credibility In The Report Of Eyewitnessed Events, Shelly Wolesky, Gloria Marmolejo

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous research dealing with the effects of source credibility on eyewitness' memories has found that sources that are seen as credible by the eyewitness' are more likely to be believed and more often change the witness' original memory than do sources seen as not credible. The present experiment is an extension of the previous research testing if adults that witness an event are affected differently by the misinformation presented by a child (non credible source) or an adult (credible source). Fifty-two people were shown a video depicting a scene of a husband and a wife arguing in their home. They …

"Woman Is Man's Best Friend And Her Own Worst Enemy": Jury Bias, Ashley C. Nielson, Laura K. Jones, Timothy M. Woodrum

Modern Psychological Studies

The Supreme Court recently ruled that no jury could be chosen on the basis of sex. This study was conducted to determine whether jury biases exist in the sentencing of murder cases. It was therefore hypothesized that women would judge female murderers more severely than their male counterpart. The severity of sentences were determined by the participants' marks on a severity of sentence scale. These participants evaluated both domestic and mutilation murder cases, each of which varied in the gender of the accused. Using a 2X2 ANOVA in the evaluation of the results, no significant differences were found between the …

How Gender Differences And The Visual/Verbal Aspect Of Instructions Affect Problem Solving, Tracy Forman

Modern Psychological Studies

The childrens board game Mouse Trap served as a task in this experiment that was designed to study an interactive effect of gender and type of instructions used. Gender dyads operated in male-female, male-male, or female-female pairs and all dyads used either visual or verbal instructions. Male dyads were expected to have the game assembled in the least amount of time based on research that indicates that males are better problem solvers. The visual instructions were expected to produce faster completion of assembly for both genders, which is reminiscent of a picture being worth a thousand words. It was observed …

Effects Of Campus Climate And Attitudes On The Identity Development Of Gay, Lesbian And Bisexual College Students, Katherine M. Yamakawa, Elizabeth Nutt Williams

Modern Psychological Studies

To investigate campus climate and its effect on the identity development and college experiences of gay, lesbian, and bisexual students, undergraduate college students were asked to complete measures of homophobia and campus climate. Results indicated that males and firstyear students report higher levels of homophobia than females and seniors. However, students reported knowing of or engaging in only few instances of homophobic behaviors and felt that the college community was relatively openminded. Four qualitative interview examples are also provided, documenting the experience of gay students' identity development and the effects that campus climate has had on their undergraduate experiences. The …

The Integration Of The East And South-East Asian Equity Markets, K. B. Tan, Yiu Kuen Tse

Research Collection School Of Economics

This study examines how the degree of capital-market integration of the East and South-East Asian (ESEA) economies varied over the period 1988–2000 following the deregulation of these markets. The deregulation process varied across the countries both in terms of intensity and timing. A greater degree of co-movements in stock prices is a reflection of greater stock-market integration. We employ Geweke’s (1982) measure of feedback for different pairs of markets. For each pair of markets, the Geweke measure shows how co-movements in daily returns of stock prices varied over time. This is followed by the vector autoregression (VAR) analysis to examine …

Visual Displays Of Information: A Conceptual Taxonomy, Scott Warren

Libraries' and Librarians' Publications

This paper creates a taxonomic model for visual information displays looking at three levels: information design (based on Edward Tufte’s work), information architecture, and information spaces. Special attention is paid to the use of spatial and navigational metaphors in visual systems as they affect the user’s experience. Especially interesting is how a user creates an “information space” – a mental model of what he has seen, how she keeps track of where she is within a system, and how these activities fit together with the data that is being sought. Mathematics is one area that holds promise for better understanding …

Where Has All The Exuberance Gone?, Philip N. Jefferson

Economics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

The Devolution Of Managed Care Contractor Duties: Analysis And Implications For Public Policy In Managed Behavioral Health Care, Sara J. Rosenbaum, Anne R. Markus, Joel B. Teitelbaum, Marcie Zakheim, Michael Golde

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

This study, undertaken by the Center for Health Services Research and Policy at the George Washington University (GWU) School of Public Health and Health Services for the United States Department of Health and Human Services' Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, analyzes the devolution of the legal duties assumed by managed care organizations (MCOs) in their contracts with group purchasers. Specifically, this study examines the delegation of MCO contractual duties related to member care and services to individual network providers by comparing the language used in master contracts between purchasers and MCOs with the language contained in agreements with …

Montana Travel Region Visitors: A Pilot Study Of Gold West Country Travel Region, Norma P. Nickerson, Jason Shreder

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Pilot study to determine the effectiveness of an on-site regional survey for gathering information on summer visitors and their expenditure patterns. The objectives of the study were to determine the best survey instrument and methods to use at the regional level, and to describe visitors to the Gold West Travel Region in terms of demographics, trip characteristics, travel behavior and expenditures.

Special Focus Programs, Magnet Programs And Schools, And Early Childhood Education Centers: Equal Access In Portland Public School's Elementary Options, Nancy Seidule Hauth

Dissertations and Theses

As parents and educators demand more choice programs in their school districts, it is important for district officials to govern issues around equal access. When specialty programs are designed by grassroots groups and school staff without district-level guidance or funding, as it is in Portland, Oregon, equal access provisions can be overlooked resulting in lower ethnic and socio-economic diversity.

The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine if all families in Portland Public School district have equal access to special focus/magnet programs at the elementary grades; to better understand the link between Portland's past desegregation policies and current choice …

Transit Labor Relations Guide, Mti Report 01-02, Herbert H. Oestreich

Mineta Transportation Institute

Transit organizations, both public and private, are under great internal and external pressures today to improve their organizational effectiveness. Studies have shown that the collective bargaining relationship between union and management, particularly the collective bargaining agreement, has a direct, measurable effect on organizational effectiveness. Both transit management and transit unions have begun to recognize that it is in their mutual interest to improve organizational effectiveness by turning toward a more cooperative collective bargaining relationship. In particular, they have experimented with a negotiating style called “interest-based bargaining” and with a problem solving approach through joint labor-management committees. There is a great …

A Qualitative Investigation Into Developmental Relationships For Small Business Apparel Retailers: Networks, Mentors And Role Models, Luann R. Gaskill

The Qualitative Report

The purpose of this investigation was to gain an understanding of the use, function, and support dimensions of developmental relationships for small business apparel retailers by applying focus group data collection techniques and interpretive analysis. Data collection took place through eight focus groups with small business owners/managers in six mid-western communities. Results indicate that, indeed, networks, role models, and mentors are viewed as necessary and important mechanisms for information, support, and guidance. However, focus group participants noted a lack of access to such developmental relationships. In terms of functions performed, having a business colleague to confide in, and relate to, …

Affirmative Action: An Analysis Of Aa/Eeo Officers' Perceptions Of Campus Policies In The University Of Missouri System, Shawn Woodhouse

The Qualitative Report

This study sought to explore the perceptions of affirmative action officers in the University of Missouri System. Each affirmative action officer on the four University of Missouri campuses participated in an electronic or personal interview in which they responded to eight questions regarding the implementation of affirmative action policies on their respective campuses. A comparison of the officer responses revealed that each university complies with federal affirmative action guidelines, but some of the institutions in the system developed additional strategies to attract minority faculty candidates.

What Couples Say Works In Domestic Violence Therapy, Jodi R. Allen, Sally St.George

The Qualitative Report

This ethnographic study adds to our professional knowledge about the effectiveness of domestic violence counseling. We learned from couples who had been court referred for domestic violence counseling what they found to be most effective in their therapy. The study was conducted by a student practitioner-researcher. The inquiry is written in an open manner and details the procedural steps, discusses trustworthiness specific to the inquiry, and includes reflections from the authors.

"She Even Walked The Dog": The Roles Of Relational Context And Goal-Setting In A Welfare To Work Program, Lynne A. Kellner, David Haddad, Ann G. Forcier

The Qualitative Report

This report summarizes an evaluation of the effectiveness of a welfare-to-work program that is operated by the Montachusett Opportunity Council (MOC) in Central Massachusetts. The study looks at how effective the program was in helping clients achieve goals towards self-sufficiency and tries to understand the particulars of the trusting relationships between staff and clients that provided the base from which they worked to address multiple concerns impeding family financial self-sufficiency.

Let's Get Personal: Exploring The Professional Persona In Health Care, Terry Maccormack

The Qualitative Report

This paper describes how a group of counselors and counseling lecturers at a rural university in New South Wales, Australia, initiated an exploration of their personal experiences as health care providers using an innovative research approach in which they engaged in a series of open, tape-recorded conversations with one another about their work. Their method also included transcribing and analyzing their narratives in a search for underlying themes in the thoughts and feelings that they shared. The intent behind their project was to find a way to voice how health care providers are affected by their work, and in so …

How Best To Serve Seniors On Existing Transit Services, Mti Report 01-04, David Koffman

Mineta Transportation Institute

Increases in the size of the elderly population and changes in travel patterns are expected to create significant new mobility expectations. The research documented here is intended to provide tools for transit providers and public policy makers to make the greatest use of existing transit resources to serve mobility needs of the growing senior population. The research demonstrates how customer satisfaction surveys can be used to set priorities for improving existing fixed route services. The primary analysis technique used is the impact score technique. This method determines the relative impact of various improvements on overall customer satisfaction. It does this …

A Planning Template For Nonwork Travel And Transit Oriented Development, Mti Report 01-12, Dick Nelson, John Niles, Aharon Hibshoosh

Mineta Transportation Institute

The Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) at San José State University assigned a project team to design a planning template for transit-oriented development (TOD) that incorporates an understanding of nonwork travel, that is, trips for shopping, eating out, and engaging in recreational and cultural activities. Nonwork trips are growing in signifigance and now account for four of every five trips. At the same time, TOD has become a popular planning response to the impacts of metropolitan growth. Some planners believe that TOD will induce more pedestrian and transit trips and will reduce the average length and frequency of household auto travel. …

Rural Independent Living: Model Outreach Strategies, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

In earlier research (Centers for Independent Living: Rural and Urban Distribution of Centers for Independent Living, 1999), we reported on five major models of Center for Independent Living (CIL) service provision, including “standard CILs,” “satellites,” “branch offices,” “outreach offices,” and others. These “other” approaches reflect a variety of the strategies CILs use to provide services and supports in rural and remote areas. How to provide rural IL services is an important question, since about 40 percent of U.S. counties – mostly rural – lack access to CILs. Further, the goal of achieving universal access is still elusive, despite the efforts …

Linguistic Fieldwork (Newman And Ratliff, Eds.), Ileana Paul

Ileana Paul

No abstract provided.

Electronic Monitoring Programs With Community Probation Programs, Kathleen Bailey, James` Ballard

Kathleen Bailey

No abstract provided.

台灣媒體 變成了緊張大師. 台北中國時報論壇, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

No abstract provided.

Medical Care Output And Productivity In The Nonprofit Sector, Tomas Philipson, Darius Lakdawalla

Darius N. Lakdawalla

No abstract provided.

Exploring Social Dimensions Of Journalistic Ethics: An International Comparative Study, Berkowitz, Limor, Jane Singer

Jane B. Singer

No abstract provided.

Dynamic Learning In A Two-Person Experimental Game, Charles F. Mason, Owen R. Phillips

Charles F Mason

No abstract provided.