Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Constraint ConIct In Cluster Reduction, Joe Pater

Joe Pater

When children reduce onset clusters to singletons, a common pattern is for the least sonorous member of the adult cluster to be produced. Within OPTIMALITYTHEORY (Prince & Smolensky, 1993), this pattern has been accounted for in terms of a fixed ranking of onset constraints that evaluate a segment’s degree of sonority, whereby onset glides violate the highest ranked constraint, and onset stops the lowest. Not all children follow the sonority pattern, however. In this paper, we apply two fundamental principles of optimality theory to yield predictions about other children’s cluster reduction patterns. The first principle is that of FACTORIAL TYPOLOGY, …

Phoneme, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Metrical Phonology, John J. Mccarthy, Bruce Hayes

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Phonology, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Phonological Processes: Assimilation, John J. Mccarthy, Norval Smith

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Sympathy, Cumulativity, And The Duke-Of-York Gambit, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

The Duke-of-York gambit (Pullum 1976) involves derivations of the form A->B->A, where underlying /A/ passes through an intermediate stage B before returning to A at the surface. Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993) has significant implications for the Duke of York gambit. Furthermore, attested and unattested Duke-of-York cases have implications for the analysis of opacity in Optimality Theory using sympathy (McCarthy 1998, to appear). A key idea pursued in this paper is that derivations must be cumulative, and a measure of cumulativity is incorporated into sympathy theory.

What Does Comparative Markedness Explain, What Should It Explain, And How?, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

These seven commentaries treat a wide range of topics in interesting and insightful ways. It is not possible to write a coherent response that addresses all of the criticisms and suggestions, large and small, that the authors have brought up. Several main themes emerge, however, that transcend the individual commentaries, and these themes supply the structure for this reply. They include alternatives to comparative markedness, possible counterexamples, comparative markedness on other dimensions of correspondence, and questions about the authenticity of opaque phonological processes. These themes will each be addressed in turn.

Optimality Theory: An Overview, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Ot Constraints Are Categorical, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

In Optimality Theory, constraints come in two types, which are distinguished by their mode of evaluation. Categorical constraints are either satisfied or not; a categorical constraint assigns no more than one violation-mark, unless there are several violating structures in the form under evaluation. Gradient constraints evaluate extent of deviation; they can assign multiple marks even when there is just a single instance of the non-conforming structure. This article proposes a restrictive definition of what an OT constraint is, from which it follows that all constraints must be categorical. The various gradient constraints that have been proposed are examined, and it …

Translation Events In Cross-Language Information Retrieval: Lexical Ambiguity, Lexical Holes, Vocabulary Mismatch, And Correct Translations, Anne R. Diekema

Anne Diekema

Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) systems enable users to formulate queries in their native language to retrieve documents in foreign languages. Because queries and documents in CLIR do not necessarily share the same language, translation is needed before matching can take

place. This translation step tends to cause a reduction in the retrieval performance of CLIR as compared to monolingual information retrieval.

The prevailing CLIR approach and the focus of this study is query translation. The translation of queries is inherently difficult due to the lack of a one-to-one mapping of a lexical item and its meaning, which creates lexical ambiguity. …

Interview With Joel Halpern [Regarding Fieldwork In Serbia] Conducted By Mirjana Prošić-Dvornić, Joel Halpern

Joel M. Halpern

Interview with Joel M. Halpern conducted by Mirjana Prošić-Dvornić October 2003 to April 2004 (Revised in April 2007)

Reflections On Jozef Obrebski’S Work In Macedonia From The Perspective Of American Anthropology, Joel Halpern

Joel M. Halpern

This article deals with the difficulties encountered by Jozef Obrebski when he immigrated from Poland after World War II. He went first to England where he gave a series of lectures at Oxford University. Then he went to Jamaica under a contract sponsored by the British Colonial Office. Subsequently he moved to New York City where he obtained a job working at the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations. He ended his career at C .W. Post College, a small undergraduate institution near New York City. This article documents how he failed to make a career in the United States. …

Letters From Macedonia, Joel M. Halpern, Barbara Kerewsky-Halpern

Joel M. Halpern

Field notes that Joel M. Halpern and Barbara Kerewski - Halpern have made during their field research and trips in Macedonian in the ’50ties of the XX century are published. Today they are accompanied by their comments, as well as photographs that illustrate their interest and the time in which they worked.

Review Of "Trends In Ethnic Identification Among Second-Generation Haitian Immigrants In New York City", Benjamin Bailey

Benjamin Bailey

No abstract provided.

Beyond Guilt: How To Deal With Societal Racism, Lauren N. Nile, Jack C. Straton

Jack C. Straton

This article addresses the specific form of racism that we refer to as “societal,” and provides a method of responding to the guilt-based reactions of many European Americans to the subject of racism. We examine the “daily indignities” to which people of color are subjected and the additional hurt they feel when those indignities are either denied or blamed on them. Finally, we provide practical methods for European Americans to engage in micro-revolutionary change, using their invisible privilege to interrupt the small-scale, insidious incidents of injustice that pass before their eyes.

Green Carnivores, Mad Cows And Gene Tech: The Politics Of Food In Hungarian Environmentalism, Krista Harper

Krista M. Harper

Anthropologists and sociologists, from Levi-Strauss to Bourdieu, have observed that consuming food is a profoundly social act through which people express relationships and perform concepts of social order. Historically, food has provided a rich political symbol and rallying point, from the Boston Tea Party to the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 in colonial India, when Muslim and Hindu troops rebelled against their British officers upon learning that their rifle cartridges were greased with suet and lard -- foods considered impure according to religious dietary taboos. Food features in Eastern Europe’s history of political conflict; for example, the December 1980 Solidarity strikes …

Mapping Political Violence In A Globalized World: The Case Of Hindu Nationalism, Sangeeta Kamat, Biju Mathew

Sangeeta G. Kamat

No abstract provided.

Improv At The Supreme Court, John Brigham

John Brigham

No abstract provided.

Book Reviews: A History Of The Tennessee Supreme Court;, Cathy Cochran

Cathy Cochran

No abstract provided.

Images Of The Great Smoky Mountains: The Albert "Dutch" Roth Photograph Collection, Ken Wise

Ken Wise

No abstract provided.

Increasing Effective Student Use Of The Scientific Journal Literature, Carol Tenopir

Carol Tenopir

No abstract provided.

Increasing Effective Student Use Of The Scientific Journal Literature, Carol Tenopir

Carol Tenopir

No abstract provided.

Comparing The African American And The Oromo Movements In The Global Context, Asafa Jalata

Asafa Jalata

The African American and Oromo movements have been anti-colonial struggles, and they have aimed to dismantle racial/ethnonational hierarchies legitimated by the ideology of racism in the hegemonic state of the United States and the peripheral and imperial state of Ethiopia.

Counting On The Past Or Investing In The Future? Economic And Political Accountability In Fujimori’S Peru, Jana Morgan

Jana Morgan

This article strengthens and extends economic theories of presidential approval, assesses accountability in Peru’s “delegative democracy,” and explores the political feasibility of economic policies. The analysis finds that prospective evaluations shape presidential approval in Peru, demonstrating the utility of economic theories in the developing world. Peruvians hold politicians accountable not only for the economic past, but also for future implications of past actions, which suggests that vertical accountability exists and that this type of accountability encourages forward-looking policy choices. Finally, the analysis indicates that important political events, including the capture of the Sendero Luminoso guerrillas and Fujimori’s autogolpe, influence Peruvians’ …

Literacy, Learning And Libraries: Common Issues And Common Concerns, Ken Haycock

Ken Haycock

Discusses common issues in literacy, learning and libraries in Canada. Role of libraries and librarians in literacy; Need to have collaboration between public libraries and school districts on professional family literacy programs; Measures to succeed in making library programs effective for students.

Aehs: Contaminated Soil Sediment & Water (January/February 2003)

Paul T. Kostecki

No abstract provided.

Information, Institutions And Governance: Advancing A Basic Social Science Research Program For Digital Government, Jane E. Fountain

Jane E. Fountain

Throughout the globe, the sweep of information and communication technologies offers unprecedented opportunities for the advancement of governance and society. But information and communication technologies alone are inadequate to foster such benefits. An important, time-sensitive opportunity exists to make a major difference in the development of digital governance and society globally. An applied, rigorous research agenda would clarify for policymakers and the research community the costs and benefits of alternative future visions and paths. A solid research agenda, built through a global network of researchers, possesses the potential to forecast likely positive results and negative outcomes before government actions are …

Managing At Risk Juvenile Offenders In The Community: Putting Evidence Based Principles Into Practice, Randy Borum

Randy Borum

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Terrorist Mindset, Randy Borum

Randy Borum

No abstract provided.

Profiling Hazards: Profiling In Counterterrorism And Homeland Security, Randy Borum

Randy Borum

No abstract provided.