Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Distribution Of Intimin Subtypes Among Escherichia Coli Isolates From Ruminant And Human Sources, Vidiya Ramachandran, Kim Brett, Michael A Hornitzky, Mark Dowton, Karl A Bettelheim, Mark J. Walker, Steven P. Djordjevic

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The intimin gene eae, located within the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, distinguishes enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and some Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains from all other pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli. EPEC is a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, and intimin-positive STEC isolates are typically associated with life-threatening diseases such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Here we describe the development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay that reliably differentiates all 11 known intimin types (α1, α2, β, γ, κ, ɛ, η, ι, λ, θ, and ζ) and three new …

Evolution Of Sfbi Encoding Streptococcal Fibronectin-Binding Protein I: Horizontal Genetic Transfer And Gene Mosaic Structure, Rebecca J. Towers, Peter K. Fagan, Susanne R. Talay, Bart J. Currie, Kadaba S. Sriprakash, Mark J. Walker, Gursharan S. Chhatwal

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Streptococcal fibronectin-binding protein is an important virulence factor involved in colonization and invasion of epithelial cells and tissues by Streptococcus pyogenes. In order to investigate the mechanisms involved in the evolution of sfbI, the sfbI genes from 54 strains were sequenced. Thirty-four distinct alleles were identified. Three principal mechanisms appear to have been involved in the evolution of sfbI. The amino-terminal aromatic amino acid-rich domain is the most variable region and is apparently generated by intergenic recombination of horizontally acquired DNA cassettes, resulting in a genetic mosaic in this region. Two distinct and divergent sequence types that …

Long-Term Trends Of Inorganic Chlorine From Ground-Based Infrared Solar Spectra: Past Increases And Evidence For Stabilization, C P. Rinsland, E Mahieu, R Zander, Nicholas Jones, M P. Chipperfield, A Goldman, J Anderson, J M. Russell Iii, P Demoulin, J Notholt, G C. Toon, Jean-Francois Blavier, B Sen, R Sussmann, S W. Wood, A Meier, D W. T Griffith, L Chiou, F Murcray, T M. Stephen, Frank Hase, S Mikuteit, A Schultz, T Blumenstock

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Long-term time series of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO₂) total column abundances has been retrieved from high spectral resolution ground-based solar absorption spectra recorded with infrared Fourier transform spectrometers at nine NDSC (Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change) sites in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The data sets span up to 24 years and most extend until the end of 2001. The time series of Cl_y (defined here as the sum of the HCl and ClONO₂ columns) from the three locations with the longest time-span records show rapid increases until the early 1990s …

The Nature And Prevalence Of Psychological Problems In New Zealand Primary Healthcare: A Report On Mental Health And General Practice Investigation ( Magpie), John Bushnell, Deborah Mcleod, A D. Dowell, C Salmond, S Ramage, S Collings, P Ellis, Marjan Kljakovic, L Mcbain

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims This paper describes the methods used in a study of the prevalence and types of common mental disorders among patients attending New Zealand general practices, and reports some key findings from the first phase of the study. The study also aimed to determine the degree of associated disability and other factors influencing recognition, management, course and outcome of these disorders, and subsequent papers will address these issues. Methods General practitioners (GPs) were selected randomly. In the first phase of the study, all adult attenders at each practice on selected days were administered a short questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire …

Better Ways To Cook Bacon - Reflecting On Nursing, Kenneth Walsh

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Editorial

Applications Of Airborne Laser Scanning To Manage Coastal Acid Sulfate Soils Within The Broughton Creek Floodplain, Marcus Morgan, Warwick Papworth, Peter Aney, John Perry, Buddhima Indraratna

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) Was first used in 1993 by Geodan Geodesie B. V. as a cheaper alternative in the collection of spatial information than traditional survey methods and photogrammetry. ALS has become important in creating Digital Terrain Models (DTM) with high precision at a far lower cost to other methods. Shoalhaven City Council employed ALS in May 200 I for the purpose of obtaining detailed survey information within budgetary constraints. The aim Was to determine the effectiveness of using ALS for coastal and environmental management by testing the accuracy of ground level points against traditionally surveyed points.

Coastal Acid …

Changing Ecological Concerns In Rock-Art Subject Matter Of North Australia's Keep River Region, Paul Tacon, Ken Mulvaney, Sven Ouzman, Richard L. Fullagar, Lesley M. Head, Paddy Carlton

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Keep River region has a complex body of engraved and painted rock-art, distinct from but with links to regions to the east, west and south. At least four major periods of figurative rock-art have been identified with differing subject matters and ages. Significant changes in depictions of human figures and animals are evident, reflecting shifts in emphasis associated with ecological concerns and environmental change. We flesh out the relative rock-art chronology by highlighting these changes, from worlds dominated by humans to those dominated by mammals and birds, and finally to a recent world of reptiles and humans. Symbolic aspects …

Diagenesis And Geochemistry Of Porites Corals From Papua New Guinea: Implications For Paleoclimate Reconstruction, Helen V. Mcgregor, M Gagan

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Evolution Of Chemical Contaminant And Toxicology Studies, Part 1 - An Overview, Dianne F. Jolley, Glennys A. O'Brien, Robert John Morrison

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The study of environmental chemical contaminants and their toxicological effects has changed dramatically over the last 50 years. Initially studies concentrated on trying to identify what contaminants were actually present and to develop quantitative methods to determine the concentrations (total) present. Health impacts were often investigated independently in medical research centres. With improving analytical techniques, studies of the speciation of contaminants began and the specific forms that were creating the major problems were gradually identified. Continuing improvements in analytical chemistry, together with a move towards more integrated and multidisciplinary research now sees chemists, biologists, toxicologists and health researchers working closely …

Evolution Of Chemical Contaminant And Toxicology Studies, Part 2- Case Studies Of Selenium And Arsenic, Glennys O'Brien, Dianne Jolley, Robert John Morrison

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

As the second of a two part series discussing the evolution of the field of environmental toxicology, this paper presents two case studies: selenium and arsenic. Developments over several decades in the understanding of the behaviour of arsenic and selenium in different chemical forms in various compartments of the environment are discussed. Selenium was initially thought to be toxic, but later investigations showed it to be an essential micronutrient with a variety of biochemical functions, and, importantly, that there is a very narrow gap between the essential and the toxic body burden. Arsenic, on the other hand, has not yet …

Application Of Rusle For Erosion Management In A Coastal Catchment, Southern Nsw, A. D. Simms, C. D. Woodroffe, B. G. Jones

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

River catchments are dynamic and vulnerable systems that can change markedly when exposed to human impact. Changes induced since European settlement in Australia are of particular interest because impacts can be almost impossible to reverse. A measure of catchment degradation may be determined using accumulation in lakes. Along the east coast of New South Wales, both the rate of sediment infill and the stage of infill reached differ between coastal lagoons as a function of physical characteristics within their catchments, including the erosive power of rainfall, the intrinsic susceptibility of the soils to erosion, as well as the combined effect …

Issues For Connection Of Distributed Generation In Rural/Remote Power Systems, Kashem M. Muttaqi, Gerard Ledwich, Michael Negnevitsky

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Connection of distributed generation (DG) into a distribution grid system affects the normal operation, control and protection of the distribution system. This paper addresses some of the technical issues arisen due to the addition of generation to a rural/remote distribution network. In this paper, a voltage controlled rotary DG is modelled to operate in the line of voltage sensitivity for maximum voltage improvement. A scenario-based study on DG operation and control has been conducted and recommendations for effective operation of DG presented. An investigation on barriers to inclusion of utility owned and customer owned DG has been carried out and …

Psychology And The Enhancement Of Medication Adherence, Mitchell K. Byrne, Frank P. Deane

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper reports on a new approach to the enhancement of medication adherence - Medication Alliance. Medication Alliance was developed and piloted by a project team that includes Mitch Byrne as project leader, Frank Deane as research supervisor, and two consultants, Tim Coombs and Gordon Lambert. Because Medication Alliance borrows heavily from psychological principles such as functional analysis and cognitive therapy, this presentation is entitled 'Psychology and the Enhancement of Medication Adherence '. However, Medication Alliance is a non-discipline specific therapy approach that fits well within the purview of any clinician delivering psychosocial interventions. The theoretical underpinnings of the various …

Coherent Perspective Jitter Induces Visual Illusions Of Self-Motion, Stephen A. Palmisano, Darren Burke, Robert S Allison

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Previous research by Palmisano, Gillam and Blackburn (2000) found that adding coherent perspective jitter to constant velocity radial flow improved visually induced illusions of self-motion (known as vection). This was a surprising finding, because unlike pure radial flow, this jittering radial flow should have generated sustained visual-vestibular conflicts - previously thought to always reduce/impair vection. The current experiments attempted to ascertain the essential stimulus features for this jitter advantage for vection by examining three novel types of jitter display. While adding incoherent jitter to radial flow was found to impair vection, adding coherent non-perspective jitter had little effect on this …

Flickering Affects, Su Ballard

Faculty of Creative Arts - Papers (Archive)

All digital work is made and viewed in the glow of the flicker: the image moves, our eyes move, our body enters into some digital space. Whether or not a screen is present, the viewer of digital installation art is implicated within this flickering affect. This paper discusses three installation works by New Zealand artists informed by digital practice. I argue that an affective viewing experience can be examined through the semantics of the flicker.

Smoothness And Locality For Nonunital Spectral Triples, Adam C. Rennie

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

To deal with technical issues in noncommuntative geometry for nonunital algebras, we introduce a useful class of algebras and their modules. Thes algebras and modules allo us to extend all of the smoothness results for spectral triples to the nonunital case. In addition, we show that smooth spectral tiples are closed under the C- functional calculus of self-adjoint elements. In the final section we show that our algebras allow the formulation of Poincare Duality and that the algebras of smooth spectral triples are H-unital.

Theoretical And Experimental Investigation Of Descending Salt Plumes From A Circular Source, Apichart Chaengbamrung, Paul Cooper, Peter W. Wypych, Ajit R. Godbole

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper describes work in the first part of an ongoing research programme on the generation and dispersion of fume from hot metal processes, a challenging industrial ventilation problem. This phase of the study involves research into a salt solution plume generated from an area source and descending into quiescent water. This is a 'cold flow' analogue of a thermal plume ascending in quiescent air. Experiments are described whereby the velocity and concentration profiles in the plume are determined using video footage and particle-tracking software, and a conductivity probe with digital traversing mechanism, respectively. Results from a transient numerical simulation …

Comparing Particle Swarms For Tracking Extrema In Dynamic Environments, Xiaodong Li, Hoa K. Dam

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This work presents a comparative study of particle swarm models on their abilities to track extrema in dynamic environments. A standard PSO, two randomized PSOs, and a fine-grained PSO are evaluated in non-trivial multimodal dynamic environments involving small constant step changes, different large step changes, and chaotic step changes of the extrema. DF1 proposed by Morrison and De Jong is used to generate these three types of dynamics (1999). Our results indicate that PSO and its variants are able to perform reasonably well in a 2-dimensional variable space, whereas perform well to a less extent in a 10-dimensional variable space. …

Australian Transport And Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets, Philip G. Laird

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Transport greenhouse gas emissions have increased by about 24 per cent since 1990-91 making transport the fastest growing contributor of all sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. This paper compares the energy efficiency of different modes of transport for freight and passenger tasks. If demand for road vehicle travel was managed and growth in passenger and freight tasks was picked up by the more energy efficient public transport and rail, Australia would begin to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and move closer to achieving its greenhouse gas target.

Actions Of Z^K Associated To Higher Rank Graphs, Alexander Kumjian, David Pask

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

An action of Z^k is associated to a higher rank graph Λ satisfying a mild assumption. This generalizes the construction of a topological Markov shift arising from a non-negative integer matrix. We show that the stable Ruelle algebra of Λ is strongly Morita equivalent to C^∗(Λ). Hence, if Λ satisfies the aperiodicity condition, the stable Ruelle algebra is simple, stable and purely infinite.

Glass Formation In A (Ti,Zr,Hf)-(Cu,Ni,Ag)-Al High-Order Alloy System By Mechanical Alloying, L C. Zhang, Z Q. Shen, Jian Xu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this work, glass formation under high-energy ball milling was investigated for a (Ti_0.33Zr_0.33Hf_0.33)₅₀(Ni_0.33Cu_0.33Ag_0.33)₄₀Al₁₀ high-order alloy system with equiatomic substitution for early and late transition-metal contents. For comparison, an amorphous alloy ribbon with the same composition was prepared using the melt-spinning method as well. Structural features of the samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical alloying resulted in a glassy alloy similar to that obtained by melt spinning. However, the glass formation was incomplete, and a …

Representations Of Cuntz-Pimsner Algebras, Neal J. Fowler, Paul S. Muhly, Iain Raeburn

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Let X be a Hilbert bimodule over a C * -algebra A. We analyse the structure of the associated Cuntz-Pimsner algebra _X and related algebras using representation-theoretic methods. In particular, we study the ideals (I) in _X induced by appropriately invariant ideals I in A, and identify the quotients _X/(I) as relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of Muhly and Solel. We also prove a gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem for _X, and investigate the relationship between _X and an alternative model proposed by Doplicher, Pinzari and Zuccante.

Delta-Ferrite Recovery Structures In Low-Carbon Steels, Rian Dippenaar, Dominic Phelan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The development of delta-ferrite recovery substructures in low-carbon steels has been observed in-situ utilizing laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Well-developed sub-boundaries with interfacial energies much smaller than that of delta-ferrite grain boundaries formed following transformation from austenite to delta-ferrite on heating. It is proposed that transformation stresses associated with the austenite to delta-ferrite phase transformation generate dislocations that subsequently recover into sub-boundaries by a process of polygonization. Experimental evidence in support of this proposal was found in a ferritic stainless steel. Thermal cycling through the high-temperature delta-ferrite/austenite/delta-ferrite phase transformation leads to the development of a well-defined recovery substructure, which, in …

Detection Of Carbon Monoxide Within The Magellanic Bridge, E Muller, L Staveley-Smith, William Zealey

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The Mopra 22-m and SEST 15-m telescopes have been used to detect and partially map a region of ¹²CO(1-0) line emission within the Magellanic Bridge, a region lying between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively). The emission appears to be embedded in a cloud of neutral hydrogen, and is in the vicinity of an IRAS source. The CO emission region is found to have a 60 μm/100 μm flux density ratio typical for ¹²CO(1-0) detections within the SMC, although it has a significantly lower ¹²CO brightness and velocity width. These suggest that the …

High-Resolution Hi Observations Of The Western Magellanic Bridge, E Muller, L Staveley-Smith, William Zealey, S Stanimirovic

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The 21-cm line emission from a 7 × 6 deg² region east of and adjoining the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) has been observed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Parkes telescopes. This region represents the westernmost part of the Magellanic Bridge, a gas-rich tail extending ∼14° to the Large Magellanic Cloud. A rich and complex neutral hydrogen (H i) structure containing shells, bubbles and filaments is revealed. On the larger scale, the H i of the Bridge is organized into two velocity components. This bimodality, which appears to originate in the SMC, converges to a single velocity …

Bounds For The Best Constant In An Improved Hardy-Sobolev Inequality, Nirmalendu Chaudhuri

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

No abstract provided.

Visual Search For Faces (Revisited): Orientation, Identity & Faceness., Darren Burke, Simone K. Favelle, William Hayward

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Childhood Tetanus In Australia: Ethical Issues For A Should-Be-Forgotten Preventable Disease, Paul N. Goldwater, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer, Richard G. Power, Paul H. Henning, M S. Gold, Terence G. Donald, Jon N. Jureidini, Christine F. Finlay

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

• Refusal of a parent to have a child vaccinated against tetanus raised ethical issues for the treating clinicians.

• The clinicians felt their duty to the child was compromised, but recognised that our society leaves the authority for such decisions with the parents.

• As there was no reason, other than different beliefs about vaccination, to doubt the parent's care for the child, the clinicians limited their response to providing strong recommendations in favour of vaccination.

• Other issues raised by this case include community protection, and the costs to the community of treating a vaccine-preventable disease.

Connecting With Information Sources: How Accounts Of Information Seeking Take Discursive Action, Pamela J. Mckenzie

FIMS Publications

Taking a discursive approach to information seeking research can allow researchers to move away from considering information seekers’ accounts as transparent and unproblematic representations their information behaviour or underlying cognitive and affective processes. This paper uses a constructivist discourse analytic approach to study the discursive functions performed by accounts of information seeking in a particular context – the ways that individuals use information-seeking stories to “position” themselves discursively. This paper analyses four modes of information practice (Active seeking, Active scanning, Everyday monitoring, Information seeking by proxy) present in participants’ accounts of connecting with information sources. Although the four modes represent …

The Dilemma Of Survey Nonresponse, Jacquelyn Burkell

FIMS Publications

An examination of the library and information science (LIS) literature reveals that surveys published between 1996 and 2001 in three major LIS journals have an average response rate of 63%, and almost three quarters of the surveys have a response rate below 75% (the level that is widely held to be required for generalizability). Consistent with the practice in other disciplines, however, most LIS researchers do not address the issue of nonresponse beyond reporting the survey response rate. This article describes a strategy that LIS researchers can use to deal with the problem of nonresponse. As a first step, they …