Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Enacting Reliability: First Steps To Define Safety In The Vts Domain, Gesa Praetorius, Karl Bruno, Margareta Lützhöft

Gesa Praetorius

Although the term maritime safety is widely used in the maritime industry, there is no exact definition of what it entails. An explorative study of the VTS domain has been conducted to approach the concept of maritime safety. Four VTS centres were visited and 16 VTS operators were interviewed and observed to derive insights in how maritime safety is constructed from the perspective of an operator. Further, definitions of maritime safety by central actors in the maritime domain have been investigated through a literature study and several interviews. The results indicate that there is no common definition of the term …

Thinking And Drinking Chocolate: The Origins, Distribution, And Significance Of Cacao In Mesoamerica, Diana Moreiras Reynaga

Diana K Moreiras Reynaga

This paper examines cacao’s (Theobroma cacao L.) physical and chemical composition, ecology, distribution and habitat and summarizes the recent archaeological research on cacao, mapping its distribution as shown by various lines of archaeological evidence. Existing hypotheses for cacao’s spread are discussed and illustrated using a GIS mapping of detailed topographic maps of South and Central America. By focusing on the potential paths which cacao could have been transported and grown (at elevations ranging from sea-level to 1000 m) it is possible to eliminate many previously proposed routes, and pinpoint the most likely locations for the cacao’s earliest and subsequent dispersals. …

Brand Exposures In Sports Photos Since 1956, James Pokrywczynski, John Carvahlo, C. Tom Preston

James Pokrywczynski

No abstract provided.

The World Bank For Africa Or The World Bank For The World Bank, Paul Clements

Paul Clements

No abstract provided.

The Greco-Roman Roots Of The Western Just War Tradition, Greg Raymond

Greg Raymond

Through a careful examination of religious and philosophical literature, the contributors to the volume analyze, compare and assess diverse Western, Islamic, Hindu and East Asian perspectives concerning the appropriate criteria that should govern the decision to resort to the use of armed force and, once that decision is made, what constraints should govern the actual conduct of military operations. In doing so, the volume promotes a better understanding of the various ways in which diverse people and societies within the global community approach the question of what constitutes the legitimate use of military force as an instrument of policy in …

Power In Theory, In Data And In Pragmatics Research, Kristine Munoz

Kristine Muñoz

In this review I examine the different approaches to power theorized in this collection, attending particularly to the power dynamics of language choice in multilingual, multicultural encounters. Together the essays demonstrate a considerable range of conceptual positions on the spectrum of critical discourse analytic and sociolinguistic approaches to language use. A particularly significant difference in the approaches taken by these works is the extent to which claims and observations are grounded in concrete details of transcripts, as opposed to inferences about internal states - emotion, intention, cognition, perception - drawn from recorded and transcribed interactions. Those differences, I propose, amount …

Exclusivity, Competition And The Irrelevance Of Internal Investment, Catherine De Fontenay, Joshua Gans, Vivienne Groves

Catherine de Fontenay

This paper considers the effect of exclusive contracts on investment decisions in a market with two upstream and two downstream firms. Segal and Whinston’s (2000) irrelevance result is generalized and it is shown that exclusive contracts have no effect on the equilibrium level of internal investment for the contracted parties when competition exists in both the upstream and downstream markets. Furthermore, by considering a more competitive environment we are able to demonstrate that strongly internal investment by rival upstream-downstream bargaining pairs is similarly unaffected by the presence of exclusive contracts.

Finding An Item From A Citation, Shannon Johnson

Shannon F Johnson

This short Adobe Captivate tutorial is designed to help students locate an item based on a print citation.

Development And Testing Of A Syndemic Model Among Gay And Bisexual Male Adolescents And Emerging Adults (National Institute Of Mental Health), Pi., Douglas Bruce

Douglas Bruce

No abstract provided.

The U.S. Experience With No-Fault Automobile Insurance, Paul Heaton

Paul Heaton

No-fault automobile-insurance regimes were the culmination of decades of dissatisfaction with the use of the traditional tort system for compensating victims of automobile accidents. They promised quicker, fairer, less-contentious, and, it was hoped, less-expensive resolution of automobile-accident injuries. This monograph considers how these plans have fared. After reviewing the intellectual and political history of no-fault auto insurance, the monograph concludes that no-fault lost political popularity because of the perception that it did not deliver the promised consumer premium cost reductions. Analysis of data from a variety of sources confirms this view, demonstrating that premiums and claim costs have become substantially …

Residents’ Coping Strategies In An Extended Stay Hotel Home, Terri Lewinson

Terri Lewinson

Some families live in extended­stay hotels as a solution after housing displacement. This temporary accommodation provides a furnished home environment with resources such as a kitchenette, bed, heating/air conditioning, and room services with one payment that can be made weekly or monthly without a credit check or rent deposit. Despite these conveniences, limited space and lack of privacy can cause challenges for families. This qualitative study examined coping strategies 10 individuals used to manage environmental concerns living in an extended­stay hotel.

Rethinking Transnationalism, Roger Waldinger

Roger D Waldinger

Focusing on the interaction between migrants and stay-at homes, this paper shows how the host country experience at once facilitates and structures immigrants’ involvements with the countries from which they come. The vehicle is a study of a migration universal: the associations that bring together migrants displaced from a common hometown. These associations provide a strategic research site, allowing us to take apart the two very different aspects – namely, state and nation – that the transnational concept conflates. In coming together with their fellow hometowners, the immigrants show their attachment to a social collectivity defined in terms of common …

Function Of Life Meaning And Marital Communication Among Iranian Spouses In Universiti Putra Malaysia, Siti Hassan

Siti Aishah Hassan Ph.D.

Previous researches have demonstrated that meaning of life has an essential role in human’s life. It is believed that meaning of life is an important issue in matrimony. However, there is a gap in literature to explain any relationship between meaning of life and marital communication. Purpose in Life Test (PIL), logo therapy, and Marital Communication of ENRICH were administered to fifty seven married spouses. The findings indicated the reliability of the employed instruments. In addition, the results highlighted a significant relationship between marital communication and meaning of life.

Sovereignty On Borrowed Territory: Sahrawi Identity In Algeria, Randa Farah

Randa R Farah Dr.

This article begins with a brief overview of the pivotal moments in this conflict. It will subsequently argue that, since the Moroccan invasion in 1975, three fundamental factors have enabled the Sahrawis to sustain their struggle for national independence against great odds.

A Review Of Election Administration And Democratic Order In Nigeria, David Moveh

David O Moveh PhD.

One basic assumption of contemporary liberal democratic theory is the efficient management of elections as a fundamental prerequisite for democratic order. Yet, the history of election administration in Nigeria is largely seen as a history of electoral fraud and violence. Indeed, there has been a linear relationship between Nigeria’s history of election administration and the inability to enthrone a democratic order in the country. However, the implications of Nigeria's electoral history for the enthronement of a democratic order is yet to be exhaustively explored. This paper is an effort in this regard. Following a critical analysis of the location of …

Altered State? Assessing How Marijuana Legalization In California Could Influence Marijuana Consumption And Public Budgets, Rosalie Pacula

Rosalie Liccardo Pacula

No abstract provided.

Newsgathering And Privacy: Expanding Ethics Codes To Reflect Change In The Digital Media Age, Ginny Whitehouse

Ginny Whitehouse

Media ethics codes concerning privacy must be updated considering the ease with which information now can be gathered from social networks and disseminated widely. Existing codes allow for deception and privacy invasion in cases of over-riding public need when no alternate means are available but do not adequately define what constitutes need or alternate means, or weigh in the harm such acts

do to the public trust and the profession. Building on the eth ics theories of Sissela Bok and Helen Nissenbaum, balancing tests can be developed under a mixed-rule deontology that confines online misrepresentation and

exposing the private information …

Gendered Social Movements: A Critical Comparison Of The Suffrage And Gay Marriage Movements., Michelle Kearl

Michelle Kelsey Kearl

The elections of 2008 saw the passage of several overwhelming and expansive condemnations of gay rights across the nation. Most damaging to the gay marriage movement was the successful passage of Proposition 8 in California, the first time that the right gay marriage was repealed. I argue that the continued modeling of the civil rights framework defers an analysis of the argumentative strategies of historically gendered movements such as the suffrage movement and is a disservice to the strategic potential of the marriage equality movement. The critical comparison mad where between suffrage and marriage equality opens the potential for our …

Strengthening Capacity For Sustainable Livelihoods And Food Security Through Urban Agriculture Among Hiv And Aids Affected Households In Nakuru, Kenya, Nancy Karanja, Fiona Yeudall, Mary Njenga, Samwel Mbugua, Gordon Prain, Donald Cole, Aimee Webb, Jennier Levy, Christopher Gore, Daniel Sellen

Christopher D Gore

The promotion and support of urban agriculture (UA) has the potential to contribute to efforts to address pressing challenges of poverty, under nutrition and sustainability among vulnerable populations in the growing cities of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This may be especially relevant for HIV/AIDS-affected individuals in SSA whose agricultural livelihoods are severely disrupted by the devastating effects of the disease on physical productivity and nutritional well-being. This paper outlines the process involved in the conception, design and implementation of a project to strengthen technical, environmental, financial and social capacity for UA among HIV-affected households in Nakuru, Kenya. Key lessons learned are …

"The Story Of Good Citizenship: Framing Recycling In The Context Of Duty-Based And Engaged Citizenship", Donna Lybecker, Mark Mcbeth, Kacee Garner

Donna L. Lybecker

Recent studies have explored the dimensions of duty-based versus engaged citizenship. These studies assert that individuals differ on the question of "what is a good citizen." Young individuals, in particular, are more likely to follow an engaged citizen view of citizenship. Engaged citizens are more participatory, global, and committed to social justice more than their duty-based counterparts. In this article we examine, with an innovative methodology and merging of citizenship and framing literature, the potential effects of increased engaged citizenship on policy issues. Our questions examine the characteristics of duty-based or engaged citizens and explore whether duty-based and engaged citizens …

Charles Tilly As A Theorist Of Nationalism, Rogers Brubaker

Rogers Brubaker

This paper considers Charles Tilly as an important but underappreciated theorist of nationalism. Tilly’s theory of nationalism emerged from the “bellicist” strand of his earlier work on state-formation and later incorporated a concern with performance, stories, and cultural modeling. Yet despite the turn to culture in Tilly’s later work, his theory of nationalism remained state-centered, materialist, and instrumentalist—a source of both its power and its limitations.

The Political Sociology Of International Migration: Borders, Boundaries, Rights, And Politics, Roger Waldinger, Thomas Soehl

Roger D Waldinger

Politics is an underdeveloped topic in migration studies, a lacuna that derives from prevailing intellectual biases, whether having to do with those that focus on individual action or those that emphasize social processes. This paper identifies the central issues entailed in the study of migrant politics, whether having to do with receiving society immigrant politics or sending society emigrant politics, reviewing and assessing the ways in which scholars have tackled this problem.

Consuming Oppression, Lisa Wade, Gwen Sharp

Lisa Wade

No abstract provided.

Frame-Of-Reference Training Effectiveness: Effects Of Goal Orientation And Self-Efficacy On Affective, Cognitive, Skill-Based, And Transfer Outcomes., Erich Dierdorff, Eric Surface, Kenneth Brown

Erich C. Dierdorff

Empirical evidence supporting frame-of-reference (FOR) training as an effective intervention for calibrating raters is convincing. Yet very little is known about who does better or worse in FOR training. We conducted a field study of how motivational factors influence affective, cognitive, and behavioral learning outcomes, as well as near transfer indexed by achieving professional certification. Relying on goal orientation theory, we hypothesized effects for 3 goal orientations: learning, prove performance, and avoid performance. Results were generally supportive across learning outcomes and transfer. Findings further supported a hypothesized interaction between learning self-efficacy and avoid performance goal orientation, such that higher levels …

A Global Green New Deal: Rethinking The Economic Recovery, Edward Barbier

Edward B Barbier

No abstract provided.

Norms And The Network : Journalistic Ethics In A Shared Media Space, Jane Singer

Jane B. Singer

No abstract provided.

Media Education: Definitions, Approaches And Development Around The Globe, Alice Lee

Dr. LEE, Alice

Background: Media education is the study of the media with the aim of cultivating people’s media literacy. In the past four decades, media education has rapidly developed in school systems and communities all over the world. Each country has its own developmental trajectory. With the rise of the interactive new media, media education is going to have a paradigm shift, bringing media education study into a new era.

Goals: This paper discusses the rationales, definitions and approaches of media education. It also provides an overview about the global development of media literacy training.

Results: Although different countries define media education …

Pride On The Other Side: The Emergence Of Lgbt Web Sites For Prospective Students, Christopher Tremblay, Ed.D

Christopher W Tremblay, Ed.D

No abstract provided.

Towards Voluntary Interoperable Open Access Licenses For The Global Earth Observation System Of Systems (Geoss), Harlan Onsrud, James Campbell, Bastiaan Van Loenen

Harlan J Onsrud

Access to earth observation data has become critically important for the wellbeing of society. A major impediment to achieving widespread sharing of earth observation data is lack of an operational web-wide system that is transparent and consistent in allowing users to legally access and use the earth observations of others without seeking permission from data contributors or investigating terms of usage on a case-by-case basis. This article explores approaches to supplying a license-based system to overcome this impediment in the context of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of the explored approaches and …

Skull Face And The Self-Fulfilling Stereotype, Lisa Wade, Gwen Sharp

Lisa Wade

No abstract provided.